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Yusuf Sen Zhu Feng Henri Vandenbroucke Jan van der Wolf Richard G. F. Visser A. W. van Heusden 《Euphytica》2013,190(2):309-317
Bacterial canker of tomato, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), is considered the most serious bacterial threat, resulting in high damages in production areas. Worldwide, Cmm is subjected to quarantine regulations.There is no cultivar in market containing Cmm resistance genes. This project aimed to screen tomatoes or wild relatives of tomato for resistance to Cmm, to be used for starting breeding programs. We have screened 24 different wild accessions of tomato and found several new tolerant sources: Solanum pimpinellifolium GI.1554, S. parviflorum LA735 and S. parviflorum LA2072. We also confirmed the tolerance which was reported previously in S. peruvianum LA2157, S. peruvianum PI127829, S. peruvianum LA385, S. habrochaites LA407 and S. lycopersicum cv. IRAT L3. No immunity was found. Also accessions showing a low disease score still contained high titers of bacteria as determined by a dilution plating method, using tow selective media. These results were confirmed with a TaqMan real time PCR assay, which was developed to determine and quantify Cmm in planta. 相似文献
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To facilitate testing large numbers of tomato soma-clones for resistance to bacterial canker, a fast screening procedure was developed. Two inoculation methods were investigated, i.e. excision with an infected scalpel of I) one cotyledon of 2-week-old seedlings, and II) the first true leaf of 3-week-old seedlings, followed by applying a drop of inoculum on the wound. Inoculation by method II discriminated well between populations of partially resistant and susceptible tomato genotypes. A criterion for the selection of single, putatively resistant plants, based on rating scores of the severity of wilting symptoms, was proposed and tested with plants of a Lycopersicon peruvianum accession with a relatively high level of resistance to bacterial canker. Progenies of 279 somaclones, derived from tissue explants of the susceptible tomato cultivar ‘Moneymaker’, were evaluated for resistance. The presence of somaclonal variation for morphological characters in these populations was previously shown. However, no differences were detected between the somaclone population and controls in either mean susceptibility or distribution of plants over disease severity categories. Moreover, plants with major increases in resistance were not detected. These results suggest that the potential of somaclonal variation as a source of resistance to bacterial canker may be limited. 相似文献
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海带石油醚相活性物质对番茄溃疡病菌的抑菌机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在揭示海带活性物质抑制番茄溃疡病菌的作用机理,为绿色抑菌剂的开发提供理论依据。以活性追踪法获得海带抗菌成分,从扫描电镜、膜电位、活性氧、胞内蛋白、细胞周期多角度进行机理研究。追踪检测结果表明,海带石油醚萃取相抑菌效果最佳(P<0.05),其抑菌圈直径为26.00 mm。抑菌机理研究结果表明,海带活性物质作用后番茄溃疡病菌细胞形态发生明显变化、膜两侧电位与对照组相比下降可达17.49%~56.60%、胞内活性氧含量增长1.19~3.98倍、胞内蛋白含量显著减少(P<0.05)、处于细胞分裂期的番茄溃疡病菌占比明显降低。研究结果揭示出海带活性物质主要作用病菌细胞膜,造成自由基累积、阻滞正常传代,最终达到杀灭病菌的效果。 相似文献
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Summary Accessions from exotic Solanum species, including diploid and tetraploid species, were screened for immunity to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of potato ring rot. The diploid species included S. infundibuliforme, S. lesteri, S. megistacrolobum, S. tuberosum Group Phureja, S. polyadenium, S. pinnatisectum, S. raphanifolium, S. sparsipilum, S. sanctae-rosae, S. tuberosum Group Stenotomum, S. toralapanum, and S. verrucosum. The tetraploid species included S. tuberosum Group Andigena, S. acaule, S. fendleri, S. hjertingii, S. oplocense, S. polytrichon, and S. stoloniferum. Apparent immunity was initially found in several diploid species, but was not present during subsequent retesting. Immunity was found in nine accessions of tetraploid S. acaule. These accessions maintained their immunity during testing over an eight-month period. S. acaule appears to be a good source of immunity for introgression studies. 相似文献
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Summary Bacterial ring rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum) has not been successfully controlled through management of certified seed. Therefore, the identification of immunity to this pathogen and its introgression into the cultivated potato is vitally important to the potato industry. Immunity was detected in the disomic tetraploid 2EBN (Endosperm Balance Number) species S. acaule. Immune and nonimmune parents were crossed in a 4 × 4 mating scheme that consisted of four immune × immune crosses, four immune × nonimmune, four nonimmune × immune, and four nonimmune × nonimmune crosses. Analysis was performed on the 16 F1 populations and 54% of the progeny was found to exhibit an immune response to inoculation with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Spieck & Kotth.) Davis et al. Immunity appears to be conferred by two dominant alleles, one at each locus, and may be associated with minor or modifying genes. Phenotypic expression of nonimmune progeny ranged from susceptible to resistant, probably due to minor or modifying genes. These results indicate that it may not be difficult to transfer immunity into the cultivated potato. 相似文献
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为快速检测番茄种子表面的带菌情况,以便及时有效防控番茄溃疡病,从而减少病害损失。试验用细菌基因组DNA试剂盒提取番茄溃疡病的总基因组,用通用引物进行PCR反应。以番茄溃疡病菌的DNA为模板,使用专一性引物进行PCR扩增,通过对专一性引物的筛选,最终确定了Cla F1-Cla F2为快速检测番茄溃疡病菌PCR的特异性引物。该检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,模拟种子带菌,对浸种水的检测灵敏度达1×105CFU/m L。经PCR快速检测,22个番茄品种中只有黑贝番茄、粉红番茄和保罗塔带有番茄溃疡病菌,其余19个品种均未带菌。该方法直接对种子进行检测,不需进行病原菌分离培养,快速简便。 相似文献
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烟蚜茧蜂繁育及对烟蚜的防治效果探索 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
lmf@yahoo.com.cn 《中国农学通报》2006,22(3):343-343
653100云南省玉溪市红塔区许家湾路26号（农职院生活区） 相似文献
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近年来 ,山东省宁阳县立足实际 ,长远规划 ,按照区域化布局、专业化生产、社会化服务、法制化管理的基本思路 ,紧紧依靠科技进步 ,培育建设种子技术市场 ,营造良种业发展的最佳环境 ,大力发展良种产业 ,使农作物制种业迅速成长为全县农业和农村经济的一大主导产业。目前 ,全县制种已有 6大系列30多个品种 ,面积达 2 6万亩 ,年产量 4 0 0 0万公斤 ,年产值 4亿元 ,占农业总产值的 19% ,其中 ,黄瓜制种占了全国需求量的 70 %以上。 1998年 8月被国家特产经济委员会授予“中国蔬菜良种之乡”称号。1 坚持产学研结合 ,加快自主创新 ,提高制种科… 相似文献
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扦样是种子检验的首要环节,是开展种子检验工作的第一步,扦样技术正确与否直接影响种子检验结果.如果扦样有问题,扦取样品缺乏代表性,那么无论后来检测多么准确,都不会获得符合实际的检验结果,从而对整批种子质量作出错误的判断.因此,探讨如何才能扦到具有代表性的种子样品非常重要.那么,怎样才能保证所扦样品具有代表性呢? 相似文献
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品种权是农业知识产权的一部分;品种维权要依法进行,规范操作,并注意时效性.凡<农作物品种保护名录>公布后繁殖的新品种,必需在 1年内申请保护.无论是垄断生产、独家经营,还是有偿转让的保护品种,进入市场必需要具备"三号"、"两证".销售价格要兼顾农民利益.保护品种的有偿转让,不能变相卖包装、标签、标识. 相似文献
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Greenhouse technique to evaluate onion resistance to pink root 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary An assay for resistance of onion to pink root Pyrenochaeta terrestris was developed, employing infested vermiculite medium with an adequate inoculum concentration of the fungus to minimize escapes of susceptible plants.Plant material other than seed was used. Either root-excised 6–8 week-old seedlings or onion sets were planted in infested vermiculite, and kept for two successive 2-week periods of growth differing in light and temperature regimes. During the first phase a short-day regime of 10 h and 17±1°C was kept, under which a vigorous root system was obtained. For an additional 12–14 days under 26±1°C and 12 h light the prolific roots were then exposed to the optimal temperature for disease development.This technique enables one to distinguish easily between susceptible Allium cepa material and a resistant line of A. fistulosum.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 1022-E, 1984 series. 相似文献
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从上个世纪60年代开始至今,每年冬季都有很多陆地区的育种单位和个人利用海南独特的自然条件进行农作物种子科研、生产,不仅使新品种、新组合的育种周期大大缩短,而且促进了我国主要农作物推广品种的更新和换代,为我国的粮食增产和"菜篮子"的丰盛做出了巨大的贡献.笔者曾多次去过海南进行玉米新品种自交系的选育和繁殖,现结合本人工作实践,浅谈玉米南繁育种应注意的技术要点,供参考. 相似文献
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做好农作物新品种区域试验需要重视的问题 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
<正>1承试人员素质是基本要求具备德才兼备的试验责任人员,是搞好区域试验工作的可靠保证。一个好的试验责任人员,首先要具有高度事业心和责任感,要有严谨的工作态度,能够做到吃苦耐劳,勇于奉献;其次要具备优良的道德品质和 相似文献
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“国以农为本、农以种为先”，科技兴农，种子先行。充分发挥种子在振兴农村经济中的主导作用，改革、理顺种子管理体制，推动新型种业体系建设，全面推进种子管理法制化，维护农民合法权益，促进农村经济持续、稳定、健康发展，实现全面建设小康的社会目标。 相似文献
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