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1.
Doubled haploid lines derived from anther culture of two Iranian spring wheat genotypes‘Ghods’susceptible and‘9106’resistant to yellow rust in Iranian field conditions, and their F1 hybrids were used in this study. Seedlings of 36 doubled haploid lines, selected out of 96 according to their agronomic traits and the two parental genotypes were inoculated with eight races of yellow rust. The parental genotypes (‘Ghods’and‘9106’) were segregating for some of the races but their doubled haploid lines were either resistant or susceptible to them.‘Ghods’was susceptible to three of the races studied but three doubled haploid lines derived from it were resistant to them. Five selected doubled haploids from the‘9106’genotype and six from F1 hybrid plants were resistant to all eight races tested. After further investigations in Iranian field conditions it was found that some of these lines can be used as donor genotypes for resistance to yellow rust in wheat breeding programmes. Use of these genotypes should be possible if the French yellow rust races used for selection also represent the dominant races in Iran. It can be concluded that anther culture provides an efficient method for fixing genes of resistance to yellow rust and desirable doubled haploids from F1 plants can be derived. 相似文献
2.
Z. M. Ziyaev R. C. Sharma K. Nazari A. I. Morgounov A. A. Amanov Z. F. Ziyadullaev Z. I. Khalikulov S. M. Alikulov 《Euphytica》2011,179(1):197-207
Wheat is the most important cereal in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) and the
Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia). Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is considered the most important disease of wheat in Central Asia and the Caucasus (CAC). Although stripe rust has been present
in the region for a long time, it has become a serious constraint to wheat production in the past 10 years. This is reflected
by the occurrence of five epidemics of stripe rust in the CAC region since 1999, the most recent in 2010. Several wheat varieties
occupying substantial areas are either susceptible to stripe rust or possess a low level of resistance. Information on the
stripe rust pathogen in terms of prevalent races and epidemiology is not readily available. Furthermore, there is an insufficient
understanding of effective stripe rust resistance genes in the region, and little is known about the resistance genes present
in the commercial varieties and advanced breeding lines. The deployment of resistant varieties is further complicated by putative
changes in virulence in the pathogen population in different parts of the CAC. Twenty four out of 49 improved wheat lines
received through international nurseries or other exchange programs showed high levels of resistance to stripe rust to local
pathogen populations in 2009. Fifteen of the 24 stripe rust resistant lines also possessed resistance to powdery mildew. It
is anticipated that this germplasm will play an important role in developing stripe rust resistant wheat varieties either
through direct adoption or using them as parents in breeding programs. 相似文献
3.
不同抗条锈基因小麦品种(系)农艺性状分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
运用变异性分析、相关分析、偏相关分析、通径分析和多元回归分析方法,对含有不同抗条锈病基因的15个小麦新品系进行遗传性状的分析,以探讨抗性品种产量的影响因素之间的相互关系。结果表明,各农艺性状与产量的相关系数为:每公顷穗数(0.8240)>穗粒重(0.7490)>千粒重(0.4035)>单穗结实小穗数(0.1346)>穗粒数(-0.0575)>株高(-0.1892);偏相关系数为:每公顷穗数(0.5705)>穗粒重(0.3766)>千粒重(-0.2565)>穗粒数(-0.2396)>株高(-0.2296)>单穗结实小穗数(-0.0646);直接通径系数表示为:每公顷穗数(0.6100)>穗粒重(0.3717)>千粒重(-0.1728)>穗粒数(-0.1347)>株高(-0.1335)>单穗结实小穗数(0.0369)。产量因素与产量的回归方程Y=1475.106+2332.5384X4+5.7208X5。通径分析结果表明:千粒重,穗粒数,每穗结实小穗数是通过单穗产量提高产量。分析表明,抗锈小麦品系产量的提高应协调各产量因素的关系,这对抗条锈病基因聚合以及高产抗病育种具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
Mark D. Christopher Shuyu Liu Marla D. Hall David S. Marshall Myron O. Fountain Jerry W. Johnson Eugene A. Milus Kimberly A. Garland‐Campbell Xianming Chen Carl A. Griffey 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(1):53-60
Little is known about the extent or diversity of resistance in soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. The soft red winter (SRW) wheat cultivar ‘USG 3555’ has effective adult‐plant resistance to stripe rust, which was characterized in a population derived from ‘USG 3555’/‘Neuse’. The mapping population consisted of 99 recombinant inbred lines, which were evaluated for stripe rust infection type (IT) and severity to race PST‐100 in field trials in North Carolina in 2010 and 2011. Genome‐wide molecular‐marker screenings with 119 simple sequence repeats and 560 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers were employed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for stripe rust resistance. QTL on chromosomes 1AS, 4BL and 7D of ‘USG 3555’ explained 12.8, 73.0 and 13.6% of the variation in stripe rust IT, and 13.5, 72.3 and 10.5% of the variation in stripe rust severity, respectively. Use of these and additional diagnostic markers for these QTL will facilitate the introgression of this source of stripe rust resistance into SRW wheat lines via marker‐assisted selection. 相似文献
5.
6.
小麦多基因聚合体YW243的改良与利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
YW243是兼抗白粉、黄矮、三锈5种病害的普通小麦新种质。将其与农艺性状优良的丰产品种进行回交转育，选育出丰产、抗病的小麦新品系CB031、CB032、CB034和CB035。对这些新品系与YW243及回交亲本的抗性、品质、丰产性进行鉴定、比较分析，并用分子标记解析它们抗病性的遗传基础及其决定品质的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成。结果表明，CB031是抗白粉病高产小麦新品系，至少含抗白粉病基因Pm2+6和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1, 7+9, 2+12；CB032和 CB034均为白粉病、条锈病免疫的小麦新品系，CB032至少含抗白粉病基因Pm2+Pm4+Pm21、抗条锈病基因YrX 4个基因和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基7+9, 2+12；CB034至少含Pm21基因和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基7+9, 5+10；CB035为免疫白粉病的优质小麦新品系，至少含Pm2+6+Pm21基因和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基7+8, 2+12。CB031、CB032、CB034和CB035的穗粒性状、千粒重和秆高等农艺性状均较YW243有所改善。YW243是一个优良性状易于遗传、不良性状易于改造的育种亲本，有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
对衍生于普通小麦与八倍体小偃麦‘小偃7430’杂种后代的抗条锈病新种质CH7102进行抗性鉴定和遗传分析,明确其抗性来源及其遗传方式。采用条锈菌流行小种CYR31、CYR32对CH7102及其亲本进行苗期抗性评价;对CH7102分别与感病品种和已知抗性基因载体品系的杂交后代接种CYR32进行成株期抗条锈性遗传分析和等位性测验。CH7102具有与其抗病亲本‘小偃7430’和彭提卡偃麦草相似的侵染型,而所有的小麦亲本均感病,表明CH7102的抗性来自彭提卡偃麦草;CH7102与感病品种‘台长29’和‘绵阳11’杂交、回交,其F2、BC1、F2:3代的抗、感分离比分别符合3:1、1:1和1:2:1的单显性基因分离模式。而CH7102与已知抗性基因载体品系杂交F2代的抗感分离比为15:1。CH7102对条锈病的抗性来自彭提卡偃麦草,其抗性受1对显性核基因控制,而且与已知的抗CYR31、CYR32的抗性基因Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr24/Yr26、Yr41不存在等位关系,属新的抗条锈病基因。 相似文献
8.
Shahnoza Hazratkulova Ram C. Sharma Safar Alikulov Sarvar Islomov Tulkin Yuldashev Zafar Ziyaev Zakir Khalikulov Zokhid Ziyadullaev Jozef Turok 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(6):716-721
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which is a measure of leaf greenness (chlorophyll content), is considered to be correlated with crop productivity. This study was conducted to examine genotypic variations for NDVI at different growth stages and its relationship to yield in winter wheat under terminal heat stress. Thirty winter wheat genotypes were evaluated at two locations in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 in Uzbekistan. The NDVI was recorded at booting, heading, milk and dough stages. The wheat genotypes differed significantly for NDVI at each stage. Grain yield ranged from 3.9 to 6.1 t/ha. Wheat genotypes differed in per cent decline in NDVI from booting to dough stage. However, several high‐yielding genotypes maintained higher NDVI than low‐yielding genotypes when heat stress was evident. The findings suggest change in NDVI during heat stress could be a measure of tolerance. The positive correlation of NDVI with grain yield suggests that it could be used as an indirect selection criterion for identifying physiologically superior, high‐yielding wheat lines under terminal heat stress. 相似文献
9.
W. Tadesse A. I. Morgounov H. J. Braun B. Akin M. Keser Yuksel Kaya R. C. Sharma S. Rajaram M. Singh M. Baum M. van Ginkel 《Euphytica》2013,194(2):177-185
The international winter wheat improvement program (IWWIP), an alliance between Turkey–CIMMYT–ICARDA, has distributed improved germplasm to different National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) partners through international nurseries and yield trials for the last 25 years. This study was carried out in order to determine the rate of breeding progress for yield and yield related traits at IWWIP using data of the international winter wheat yield trials (IWWYT), IWWYT 1–13, collected from 1997 to 2010 in irrigated environments across different countries. The relative grain yield of the best line expressed as percent of the best check (Kinaci-97), widely grown cultivar (Bezostaya) and trial mean (TM) increased at a rate of 0.6, 1.6 and 0.2 %/year, each non-significant (P > 0.05), respectively. Regression analysis indicated that TM has increased at a rate of 91.9 kg/ha/year (P = 0.007). The net realized breeding progress was estimated by accounting the variability due to management and weather conditions using surrogate variables such as integrated biological indices taken as means of common checks. The net realized gain for the BL was 66.2 ± 19.7 kg/ha/year (P = 0.01). Success rate of the BL, per cent of sites where the BL exceeds the local check in grain yield, ranged from 50 to 87 % across trials. To date, more than 55 varieties of IWWIP origin have been released in 10 countries of Central and West Asia including Afghanistan, Turkey, Iran, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Some varieties, such as Solh and Kinaci-97, have been released under different names in different countries indicating their broad adaptation. Cluster analysis of IWWYT sites indicated that IWWIP sites in Turkey and Syria are associated with most of the testing sites in Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) region. The recently identified high yielding genotypes are recommended for direct release and/or parental purposes by the respective NARS. 相似文献
10.
QTL mapping of adult‐plant resistance to stripe rust in a ‘Lumai 21 × Jingshuang 16’ wheat population 
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下载免费PDF全文 Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a devastating fungal disease in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Chinese wheat cultivars ‘Lumai 21’ and ‘Jingshuang 16’ show moderate levels of adult‐plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust in the field, and they showed a mean maximum disease severity (MDS) ranging from 24 to 56.7% and 26 to 59%, respectively, across different environments. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to stripe rust in an F3 population of 199 lines derived from ‘Lumai 21’ × ‘Jingshuang 16’. The F3 lines were evaluated for MDS in Qingshui, Gansu province, and Chengdu, Sichuan province, in the 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 cropping seasons. Five QTL for APR were detected on chromosomes 2B (2 QTL), 2DS, 4DL and 5DS based on mean MDS in each environment and averaged values from all three environments. These QTL were designated QYr.caas‐2BS.2, QYr.caas‐2BL.2, QYr.caas‐2DS.2, QYr.caas‐4DL.2 and QYr.caas‐5DS, respectively. QYr.caas‐2DS.2 and QYr.caas‐5DS were detected in all three environments, explaining 2.3–18.2% and 5.1–18.0% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. In addition, QYr.caas‐2BS.2 and QYr.caas‐2BL.2 colocated with QTL for powdery mildew resistance reported in a previous study. These APR genes and their linked molecular markers are potentially useful for improving stripe rust and powdery mildew resistances in wheat breeding. 相似文献
11.
为了深入认识‘衡观35’重要农艺性状分子机理,通过基因功能标记或与基因紧密连锁的微卫星标记的检测,结合植株的田间表现,分析了国审小麦品种‘衡观35’含有的控制重要农艺性状的关键基因。结果表明,‘衡观35’含有1BL/1RS易位染色体,这与其丰产性和较广泛的生态适应性是一致的。‘衡观35’含2个隐性春化基因（vrn-A1和vrn-B1）和1个显性春化基因(Vrn-D1),表明其主要为冬性品种,抗寒性好,同时又具有春天早发和生长快的特点。‘衡观35’含有对光周期不敏感的Ppd-D1a基因,这与其具有早熟和可在多个生态区广泛种植的特性是一致的。‘衡观35’含Rht1、Rht2、Rht4和Rht8四个矮秆基因的分子标记,这可能其株高较低的重要遗传基础。‘衡观35’含有Pm4和Pm16基因的分子标记,在田间表现出较好的白粉病抗性。‘衡观35’含有YrTp2基因的分子标记,在田间上表现出较好的条锈病抗性。以上信息为深入认识‘衡观35’重要农艺性状分子机理提供了线索,对在未来小麦遗传改良中高效利用该品种的重要基因具有实用价值。 相似文献
12.
P. S. Baenziger D. M. Wesenberg V. M. Smail W. L. Alexander G. W. Schaeffer 《Plant Breeding》1989,103(2):101-109
To determine the level of gametoclonal variation among doubled-haploid lines (DHLs) of Triticum aestivum L. developed using anther culture techniques and its effect on agronomic performance, 70 anther culture-derived DHLs of ‘Kitt’ were compared for 7 agronomic traits to 50 single-seed descent-derived lines (SSDLs) of ‘Kitt’ and to the cultivar ‘Kitt’. In a second experiment, 26 DHLs of ‘Chris’ were compared for 7 agronomic traits to 29 SSDLs of ‘Chris’ and to the cultivar ‘Chris’. Each experiment was grown as a randomized complete block design with three replications in three environments. For ‘Kitt’, the DHLs averaged significantly lower grain yields than the comparable SSDLs. For ‘Chris’, the DHLs averaged lower, but not significantly lower, grain yield than the SSDLs. In both ‘Kitt’ and ‘Chris’, the genetic component of variance for yield of the DHLs was significantly larger than that of the SSDLs indicating the presence of gametoclonal variation. The lower average grain yield of the DHLs was explained by a larger group of low-yielding DHLs than was present in the SSDLs. Six ‘Kitt’ DHLs and 3 ‘Chris’ DHLs were lower yielding than the lowest yielding SSDL, respectively. Elite DHLs and SSDLs were similar for mean grain yield performance. Though the DHLs and SSDLs were significantly different for some yield components, the affected yield component changed with the cultivar and there was no consistent effect. Significant genotype × environment interactions were detected for some traits which were caused by changes in the magnitude of differences, rather than reversals in ranking, indicating that low yielding DHLs could be culled on the basis of visual selection or single-environment testing. Hence, gametoclonal variation was induced by the anther culture techniques used in this study, tended to be deleterious for grain yield, and was sensitive to the growing environment. However, as the DHLs and SSDLs had similar expected population means based upon expected gains from selection, this gametoclonal variation should not be a major hindrance to wheat breeding. 相似文献
13.
The 1BL/1RS chromosome translocation effect on yield characteristics in a Triticum aestivum L. cross 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Comparisons involving 28 random F2-derived F6 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines from the cross, ‘Nacozari’/‘Seri 82’, suggested that advanced derivatives with the 1BL/1RS chromosome translocation possess superior agronomic performance in both full and reduced irrigation conditions when compared with 1B derivatives. This performance advantage was attributed to high grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight and test weight. The 1BL/1RS lines were shorter with delayed flowering and maturity. The superiority of the 1BL/1RS translocation group on grains/m2 was expressed only under the full irrigation environment. Higher harvest index, longer spike-length and grain-filling period were detected only under reduced irrigation conditions. A significant grain yield relationship with test weight was detected only among the 1BL/1RS genotypes, indicating that they possess heavier and plumper grains than the 1B genotypes. 相似文献
14.
南阳盆地在春季常年有条锈病流行发生,独特的气候被认为不适宜优质麦的发展,因此筛选条锈病抗性好、品质优且兼顾综合农艺性状优良的小麦新品种（系）可为南阳盆地小麦选择利用提供参考。以2020-2021年国家黄淮南片区域试验的91份小麦新品种（系）为材料,以成株期条锈菌混合小种条中32和条中34病圃鉴定,调查重要农艺指标,收获后测定品质。结果表明,国家区域试验条锈抗性结果达到慢条锈及高抗的有35份（38.46%）,病圃鉴定条锈中抗及以上有39份（42.86%）。2021年区域试验样品在南阳收获后品质结果达到强筋及中强筋有20份（21.98%）,2020年区试参试样品达到强筋及中强筋有57份（62.64%）。条锈抗性达到中抗及以上农艺性状的39份材料在平方欧式距离6.25处聚为7个类群,各类群在株高、穗长、穗型、千粒重、抽穗期、株型和穗粒数等各有偏重;拉伸面积均值小,可能是影响南阳小麦品质是否达到优质的关键指标,变异系数较大表明材料丰富。兼顾抗性、品质和农艺指标,陕禾1028和泛育麦20是较好的优质强筋品种,适合在南阳优质麦生产中利用,作为优质强筋组合重点使用。 相似文献
15.
为明确‘西农291’抗条锈性的遗传基础。对‘西农291’在温室和田间进行多个小麦条锈菌小种的抗条锈鉴定;采用常规杂交方法,将‘西农291’分别与感病品种‘铭贤169’与AvS杂交,构建其F1、F2遗传群体,用小麦条锈菌小种CYR32进行温室抗条锈性鉴定、混合小种（CYR32:CYR33≈1:1）进行田间抗条锈性鉴定。结果表明,在温室条件下,‘西农291’在苗期对条锈菌CYR32与CYR33表现高度感病、成株期对CYR32、CYR33、Su11-4及Su11-7表现高度抗条锈性;田间混合小种接种诱发发病（陕西杨凌）和自然发病（甘肃天水）抗条锈性鉴定均表明‘西农291’在成株期高度抗条锈病。群体抗条锈性鉴定结果表明‘西农291’与感病品种铭贤169和AvS杂交的F2群体的抗:感分离比例均符合3R:1S的理论比例。以上结果说明‘西农291’具有非小种专化性的、广谱抗性的成株期抗条锈性;对CYR32的成株抗条锈性受1对显性基因控制。 相似文献
16.
Long-term resistance to rust diseases depends on the identification and use of durable resistance sources or on the continuing use of new resistances and combinations of genes for specific resistance. These studies include four Australian wheats with intermediate, but inadequate levels of resistance and a French wheat ‘Hybride-de-Bersée’ (‘Bersee’), with reputed durable resistance to stripe rust. Studies of F2 and F3 populations from crosses with the susceptible ‘Avocet’ indicated that intermediate levels of adult plant stripe rust resistance in cultivars ‘Harrier’, ‘Flinders’ and ‘M2435’ were inherited monogenically, whereas King possessed two genes for resistance. Cultivars Harrier and M2435 possessed the same gene. Similarly, cvs. King and Flinders carried a gene in common. Like ‘Harrier’ and ‘M2435’, ‘King’ and ‘Flinders’ share common parents. The higher level of resistance in ‘Bersee’ was controlled by four genes. This conclusion was based on conventional genetic analysis, tests on F2-derived F7 single-seed descent lines and testcross progenies. 相似文献
17.
Ram C. Sharma G. Ortiz-Ferrara J. Crossa M. R. Bhatta M. A. Sufian J. Shoran A. K. Joshi R. Chand Gyanendra Singh R. Ortiz 《Euphytica》2007,157(3):457-464
Improving the level and stability of grain yield is the primary objective of wheat breeding programs in the Eastern Gangetic
Plains (EGP) of South Asia. A regional wheat trial, the Eastern Gangetic Plains Yield Trial (EGPYT), was initiated by CIMMYT
in collaboration with national wheat research programs in Bangladesh, Nepal, and India in 1999–2000 to identify wheat genotypes
with high and stable grain yield, disease resistance, and superior agronomic traits for the EGP region. A set of 21 wheat
experimental genotypes selected from a regional wheat screening nursery in South Asia, three improved widely grown cultivars
(Kanchan, PBW343 and Bhrikuti), and one long-term cultivar (Sonalika) were tested at 9–11 sites in six wheat growing seasons
(2000–2005) in the EGP. The 21 experimental genotypes were different in each year, whereas the four check cultivars were common.
In each year, one or more of the experimental genotypes showed high and stable grain yield and acceptable maturity, plant
height, and disease resistance compared to the check cultivars. Three improved cultivars have already been commercially released
in the region through EGPYT and many germplasm lines have been used in the breeding programs as parents. Identification of
wheat genotypes with high-grain yield in individual sites and high and stable yield across the EGP region underlines their
value for regional wheat breeding programs attempting to improve grain yield and agronomic performance. 相似文献
18.
Three commercial Indian wheat varieties —‘Sonalika’, ‘Kalyansona’ and ‘Janak’ were used to develop homogeneous and heterogeneous lines for leaf rust resistance, utilizing diverse sources of resistance from fourteen donors. Four kinds of multilines were developed to study coefficients o: infection, areas under disease progress curves (AUDPC), rates of spread and grain yields over their component means. Heterogeneous populations showed minimum coefficients of infection at initial as well as final stages, which were less than or equal to the resistant component even in dirty multilines carrying up to 50 % susceptible populations. Large reductions in coefficients of infection and in AUDPC were also observed. Rate of spread was independent of coefficient of infection and AUDPC. Grain yield advantage over both component means and recurrent parents was higher in clean multilines. The significance of the use of multilines in limiting losses due to disease is discussed. 相似文献
19.
南农92R系统白粉病抗源多抗性鉴定及其抗条锈性遗传分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对南农92R系统白粉病抗源进行了多抗性鉴定,并对其抗条锈性进行了遗传分析。结果表明:4份南农92R系统白粉病抗源,不仅对白粉病多个小种免疫,而且对中国当前优势条锈菌生理小种均表现免疫,其中的92R178和92R137亦对供试3个叶锈菌优势小种均表现高抗至免疫。抗条锈性遗传分析显示92R089, 92R137分别具有一对完全显性的抗条 相似文献
20.
为了构建不同施氮水平和条锈病发病条件下的小麦估产模型,设置了不同氮素水平及人工接种小麦条锈病,通过采用将多个关键生育期的光谱植被指数、一阶微分参数与小麦条锈病病情指数、叶片含氮量、产量构成因子、产量进行相关分析,植被指数、一阶微分参数与产量进行回归分析的方法,研究与产量相关性高的植被指数、微分参数,结果表明分别利用绿光红光比值植被指数(GR)和绿光波段一阶微分值总和(SDg)、蓝光波段一阶微分值总和(SDb)在灌浆期构建的估产模型预测效果较好,2010年预测准确率分别可以达到99.87%、99.98%,2011年预测准确率分别可以达到97.9%和95%。通过试验研究发现高光谱遥感技术在氮素和小麦条锈病双重胁迫下也可以较好的预测产量,这对研究多重胁迫、多种栽培措施下的小麦估产模型有重要意义。 相似文献