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Processing tomato is a high water demanding crop, thus requiring irrigation throughout growing season in arid and semiarid areas. The application of deficit irrigation (DI) strategies to this crop may greatly contribute to save irrigation water. A two-year study was carried out in order to assess the effects of DI upon water productivity, final biomass, fruit yield and some quality traits of open-field processing tomato cv. Brigade in a typical semi-arid Mediterranean environment of South Italy. Four irrigation treatments were studied: no irrigation following plant establishment (V0); 100% (V100) or 50% (V50) evapotranspiration (ETc) restoration up to fruit maturity, 100% ETc restoration up to flowering, then 50% ETc restoration (V100-50). Total dry biomass accumulation was significantly depressed by early soil water deficit in V0; irrigation at a reduced rate (50% ETc) from initial stages (V50) or from flowering onwards (V100-50) did not induce any losses in final dry biomass. The marketable yield did not significantly differ among plots irrigated, but an averaged irrigation water saving of 30.4% in V100-50 and 46.2% in V50 was allowed as compared to V100. Marketable yield was negatively affected by the early water shortage in V0, due to the high fruit losses (>44%). The effects of DI on fruit quality were generally the converse of those on fruit yield. DI improved total soluble solids content, titratable acidity and vitamin C content. Water use efficiency was positively affected by DI, suggesting that the crop does not benefits from the water when this last is supplied to fulfil total crop requirements for the whole season. Yield response factor, which indicates the level of tolerance of a crop to water stress, was 0.49 for total dry biomass (Kss) and 0.76 for marketable yield (Ky), indicating that in both cases the reduction in crop productivity is proportionally less than the relative ET deficit. In conclusion, the adoption of DI strategies where a 50% reduction of ETc restored is applied for the whole growing season or part of it could be suggested in processing tomato, to save water improving its use efficiency, minimizing fruit losses and maintaining high fruit quality levels. This aspect is quite important in semi-arid environments, where water scarcity is an increasing concern and water costs are continuously rising. 相似文献
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采用番茄叶面积指数模型结合水分吸收模型计算番茄植株每日需水量的方法,研究不同灌水量(CK,经验型灌水量;W1,模型计算灌水量;W2,低于模型计算15%灌水量;W3,低于模型计算25%灌水量)对日光温室基质袋培番茄生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:番茄植株的株高、茎粗、果实横径、光合速率和地上部干质量等随灌水量的减少呈下降趋势;对照的单株产量最高,为4.66kg,分别比W1、W2和W3处理增产4.3%、23.3%和47.9%,但与W1处理差异不显著;适宜降低灌水量可增加果实可溶性糖含量、糖酸比及VC含量,果实品质提高,其中W3处理最优,W1处理次之;W1处理的水分利用率最高,为51.76kg·m-3,分别比对照、W2和W3处理高出10.3%、0.6%和5.9%。在本试验条件下,W1处理在保证番茄产量和品质的基础上,显著提高了水分利用效率,该复合模型适合日光温室基质袋培番茄水分管理应用。 相似文献
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灌溉量对限根栽培番茄生长和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确灌溉量对番茄品质的调控效果，利用限根槽培无土栽培系统，对不同灌溉量（2.0、1.6、1.2、0.8、0.4 L · d-1）下番茄的生长、叶片光合参数、产量、品质及代谢相关酶等变化规律进行研究。结果表明，减少灌溉量显著抑制了番茄的生长，降低了叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2 浓度、蒸腾速率，单株产量和单果质量也均显著降低；但果实中葡萄糖、果糖、VC 含量及糖酸比明显提高，可溶性糖和可滴定酸含量逐渐增加。灌溉量的减少降低了番茄果实中蔗糖合成酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性，提高了中性转化酶和酸性转化酶的活性，从而降低了蔗糖的含量。利用熵权法和TOPSIS 法相结合的方法，综合分析各项指标得出番茄在限根栽培下的最佳日灌溉量为0.8 L。 相似文献
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亏缺灌溉对番茄果实品质和产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
通过控制每次灌水量的方法,将土壤的水分控制在不同的水平上,研究了亏缺灌溉对番茄产量形成和果实品质的影响。随着土壤水分的降低,单果质量和产量逐步减少,但结果数变化不大;亏缺灌溉提高了果实可溶性固形物、有机酸、VC含量,但糖酸比变化不大;生产中可根据需要确定兼顾产量与品质的水分管理的平衡点, 亏缺灌溉提高了果实干物质含量,水分利用率显著提高。 相似文献
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为进一步完善秸秆生物反应堆技术的可操作性和实用性,通过在秋冬茬番茄上应用膜下滴灌的行下式玉米秸秆生物反应堆技术,分析不同灌水量对番茄生长指标及产量的影响。试验结果表明:常规灌水量下秸秆腐熟程度最好;667 m~2灌水量下浮30%较常规处理节水18.71 m~3、增产1 008.84 kg,节水增产效果明显。 相似文献
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西北半干旱地区番茄窖水灌溉技术的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了我国西北半干旱地区利用窖水采用不同方法灌溉对番茄生长发育、产量、产值、病害及土壤温、湿度的影响。结果表明 ,在一定灌水量的前提下 ,微灌效果最好 ,6 6 7m2 产量达4 0 18.6kg ,产值达 1932 .6元。病毒病、脐腐病发病率低 ,番茄植株根系生长良好。暗沟灌溉次之 ,穴灌由于灌水区域、时间相对集中 ,抑制了根系的伸展。而高垄畦灌灌水量偏少 ,影响了植株生长发育 ,产量、产值较低 ,病害发生较重 ,不宜采用 相似文献
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Iván García Tejero Víctor Hugo Durán ZuazoJuan Antonio Jiménez Bocanegra José Luis Muriel Fernández 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Water efficiency is a key concept to solve water-shortage problems in semiarid areas. Deficit irrigation (DI) in many crops has frequently proved to be an efficient tool to optimise water-use efficiency. Three different DI strategies were studied for commercial orchards of mature sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck, cv. Salustiana and cv. Navelina) from 2006 to 2008: sustained deficit irrigation (SDI), regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), and low-frequency deficit irrigation (LFDI) all defined physiologically with stem-water potential thresholds. The experimental research plots were located in the Guadalquivir river basin, SW Spain. The effects of DI treatments on the fruit yield and on the crop-water status, by the integrated stem-water potential (Ψint) were analysed. Also, the benefits of DI in terms of agricultural water-use efficiency (WUEagr) and financial water-use efficiency (WUEf) were estimated for each irrigation strategy. Different relationships were estimated between these parameters and irrigation and total water applied, in order to establish the best irrigation strategy for different irrigation regimes. Yield and Ψint showed significant differences consistent with the water amounts applied, although the crop response was influenced by other parameters such as crop variety and irrigation strategy. In this sense, treatments with similar irrigation rates and Ψint resulted in different yield values, evidencing the importance of these factors. Regarding the crop variety, the results showed that cv. Salustiana responded better than cv. Navelina to DI, from the physiological and agricultural perspectives. In terms of water savings, the RDI and LFDI reduced water use by between 1000 and 1250 m3 ha−1, respectively, with similar yields in comparison to the fully irrigated treatment, significantly improving the WUE. Consequently, the WUEf, and WUEagr were more strongly affected by deficit-irrigation strategy rather than the total water supplied. Thus, the amount of irrigation water would have a relative importance but other variables such as the irrigation strategy, would decidedly influence prudent water management in semiarid areas. 相似文献
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研究了水肥耦合效应对加工型马铃薯经济性状及品质的影响,结果表明,在最优化水肥处理（每1hm2灌水2520．00m3,施尿素457．50kg,磷酸二氢铵825．00kg,硫酸钾247．50kg）条件下,马铃薯植株株高、茎粗、地上部干质量、块茎质量、单株块茎质量和产量等性状上表现最优,且产品干物质含量最高,还原糖含量最低,维生素C含量最高,马铃薯的品质最佳,更利于对其加工的要求。 相似文献
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通过桶栽试验,研究了灌水量对食用仙人掌菜片产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,在一定范围内随着灌水量的增加,食用仙人掌菜片的生长较快,产量较高且品质较好。综合水分利用效率、食用仙人掌的产量和品质,本试验条件下灌水量为2L/桶的处理效果较好。 相似文献
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Closed cycle soilless techniques can be adopted to minimize water and fertilizer losses in greenhouse cultivation. There is a general lack of information regarding the soilless cultivation of vegetables with closed cycle subirrigation techniques, specifically when using saline water. In this study, a trough bench subirrigation system (SUB), with two fertilizer concentrations (“100%”, containing 9.8 mol m−3 N-NO3, 1.6 mol m−3 P-H2PO4, 8.7 mol m−3 K+, 2.8 mol m−3 Ca+, 1.8 mol m−3 Mg+, 4 mol m−3 S-SO4, and “70%”, containing 70% of the macronutrient concentration) in the nutrient solution (NS), was compared with open cycle drip-irrigation (DRIP with “100%” NS). For all the three treatments, NS was prepared using rain water (0.05 dS m−1) and adding NaCl (1 g L−1), in order to simulate moderate saline irrigation water. The effect of the treatments on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth, yield, fruit quality, water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer consumption was evaluated. Substrate and recirculating NS composition were also studied. Subirrigation, regardless of NS concentration, reduced plant height (by 30 cm), leaf area (by 1411 cm2), total fresh and dry weight (by 429 and 48.5 g plant−1, respectively) but not dry matter percentage of the whole plant, with respect to DRIP. Yield was reduced when plants were subirrigated with the higher concentrated NS, but no differences with open cycle DRIP were recorded when the lower NS concentration was used in SUB. Fruit quality was not affected by irrigation system or NS concentration. The higher WUE was obtained with subirrigation. NaCl accumulated similarly over the crop cycle in recirculating NS of both SUB treatments and in growing substrates of all the three treatments. Higher salt concentration was found in subirrigated substrates, in particular in the upper part of the substrate profile. Fertilizers accumulated in the subirrigated substrates when the higher NS concentration was used, but not when the NS concentration was reduced by 30%. The results of this study indicate that tomato can be grown successfully in a closed cycle subirrigation system, using saline water, by reducing the fertilizer NS concentration normally used with traditional open cycle systems. 相似文献
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不同灌水量对设施番茄产量和耗水规律的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索宁夏中东部干旱地区设施番茄需水规律,在宁夏盐池进行了小区栽培试验,研究了不同灌水量对番茄产量和耗水规律的影响,结果表明,不同生长发育阶段番茄的耗水量不同,平均耗水量为1.31～3.73 mm/d;开花坐果期耗水量最大,达到7.31 mm/d;不同灌水量处理对番茄的茎叶、根的生物量及产量有显著的影响,灌水量为375 mm时产量达138 108 kg/hm2,比对照（灌水75 mm）增产75%,达到显著水平,水分利用率达到1.60 kg/m3,并初步制定了适合该地区设施番茄栽培的灌溉制度。 相似文献
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为了研究番茄抗旱节水栽培技术,采用番茄安装膜下滴灌和番茄覆膜不安装滴灌进行同田大区对比试验。研究结果表明,番茄覆膜不安装滴灌产量为3 988.6 kg/667 m2;安装膜下滴灌产量为5 614.3 kg/667 m2,比对照产量增加1 625.7 kg/667 m2,增产率为40.8%。表明番茄安装膜下滴灌,可以将少量的水直接输送到植株根部,满足番茄正常生长发育的需要,达到延长结果期和采收期,增加结果数量和单果质量,从而提高番茄产量和质量,增加种植效益。同时安装膜下滴灌使番茄在田间管理过程中根部灌肥、灌药方便,节省劳力,是一项高产高效栽培技术。 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,103(4):453-460
This industrial residue is the woody endocarp of the almond fruits. This material is normally incinerated or dumped without control. Almond shell used (100% pure) as growing media can be more ecologically-friendly and less expensive than traditional rockwool since it can be locally produced. Three commercially produced random samples of two different textures and two volumes (19 and 25 L) were evaluated as growing media for soilless production. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of volume and texture and to compare this substrate with rockwool in terms of yield and quality characteristics of fruits in melon and tomato culture. The physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties studied did not differ significantly between both textures. Tomato plants grown in almond shell residue used 21% less water compared to rockwool over the course of production. We found non-limiting in comparison to rockwool for melon and tomato crops in relation to fertigation parameters, water uptake and yield. Significant differences of yield were found when we used the big size, specially in melon crop where commercial yield and soluble solids of plants growing on 25 L bags was higher than that on small one. The results suggested that almond shells seem to be an acceptable growing media as rockwool substitute for soilless vegetable production. 相似文献
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施肥和灌溉对蔬菜品质影响的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
综述了蔬菜品质的内涵及施肥、灌溉对蔬菜品质影响的研究进展。综合前人研究结果可以看出,适量增加施肥量通常可改善蔬菜商品品质,并可提高蔬菜产品中蛋白质、游离氨基酸、有机酸等营养物质指标的含量,但过量施肥则常导致总糖、可溶性糖、抗坏血酸等营养成分含量的降低,并可导致卫生品质及风味品质的降低。合理灌溉可以有效提高蔬菜各种品质指标,但对于许多果菜类而言,适当控制浇水量则有利于营养品质的提高。通常情况下,施肥与灌溉对蔬菜产品品质的影响结果受土壤基础肥力、肥料种类及其配比、蔬菜种类、产品成熟度等因素的影响较大。 相似文献