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1.
不同方式饲喂花粉对蜂群春繁的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在蜂群春繁阶段，利用不同方式饲喂花粉，测定蜂群群势的变化。试验结果表明：利用天然花粉脾的蜂群，其蜂群群势恢复较快，蜂数、蛹数增长迅速，利用人工粉脾、花粉饼饲喂的蜂群次之，而直接利用干花粉饲喂的蜂群效果最差，其群势恢复较慢。因此，在养蜂实践中，提倡利用天然花粉脾为主，人工粉脾及花粉饼为辅对蜂群进行饲喂，以提高蜂群的繁殖效率。 相似文献
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Szabó MP Aoki VL Sanches FP Aquino LP Garcia MV Machado RZ Bechara GH 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,115(1):49-59
The dog is considered to be the natural host of Rhipicephalus sanguineus and is unable to develop appreciable resistance even after repeated feedings. The guinea pig develops strong resistance after one infestation with adult ticks. Antibody (IgG) titres against tick salivary gland antigens (SGAs) and blood leukocyte numbers in dogs and guinea pigs undergoing experimental R. sanguineus tick infestations were measured to detect a possible correlation with susceptibility or resistance of hosts. Since infested dogs develop an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to R. sanguineus antigens, total and anti-R. sanguineus SGA IgE levels were also measured in this host species. IgG and IgE antibody levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) along three consecutive infestations of both hosts. Most dogs and guinea pigs displayed low IgG levels against R. sanguineus SGAs, though marked differences in individual response were observed. Although dog's total serum IgE levels increased significantly after infestations, no change in the amount of anti-salivary gland IgE was detected. Total and differential blood cell counts were determined in dogs and guinea pigs during primary and secondary infestation. In dogs, a tertiary infestation and a subsequent higher infestation level were also evaluated. Infested dogs did not display any alteration in blood leukocyte counts throughout the experiment. Guinea pigs, on the other hand, developed a significant basophilia during primary infestation which increased further during secondary infestation. These data reveal similarities and differences in the reactions of resistant and non-resistant hosts to ticks. They contribute for the understanding of such host-parasite relationships and will hopefully aid in the development of immune control of ticks. 相似文献
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This case report is presumed to be the first case of infestation of a cat by springtails which are small arthropods closely related to insects. The organisms, found by skin scrapings, were identified as Proisotoma spp. (Collembola: Isotomidae). The cat presented with dermatological lesions (itchy, furfuraceous dermatitis), and we speculate that they were due to this infestation. The pathogenic role of the Collembola was hypothesized because of the large number of organisms, the presence of eggs indicating an active reproduction cycle, the lack of other pathogens (fleas, mites or lice) and the clinical recovery accompanied by the disappearance of Collembola following treatment. The owner seemed to be affected by the infestation, because a few days after having purchased the cat, she developed a pruriginous papular dermatitis on the neck and the arms, which disappeared shortly after treatment of the kitten and a careful washing of all of its toys and other accoutrements. 相似文献
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We describe the spatial epidemiology of Varroa destructor infestation among honey bee apiaries in the greater Auckland area of the North Island of New Zealand. The study population was comprised of 641 apiaries located within the boundaries of the study area on 11 April 2000. Cases were those members of the study population declared Varroa-infested on the basis of testing conducted between April and June 2000. The odds of Varroa was highest in apiaries in the area surrounding transport and storage facilities in the vicinity of Auckland International Airport. A mixed-effects geostatistical model, accounting for spatial extra-binomial variation in Varroa prevalence, showed a 17% reduction in the odds of an apiary being Varroa infested for each kilometre increase in the squared distance from the likely site of incursion (95% Bayesian credible interval 7–28%). The pattern of spatially autocorrelated risk that remained after controlling for the effect of distance from the likely incursion site identified areas thought to be ‘secondary’ foci of Varroa infestation initiated by beekeeper-assisted movement of infested bees. Targeted investigations within these identified areas indicated that the maximum rate of local spread of Varroa was in the order of 12 km/year (interquartile range 10–15 km/year). 相似文献
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Seung-Gon Lee Hyeong-Sun Moon Changbaig Hyun 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(2):197-202
Canine heart worm disease is often life-threatening due to its various complications, including right side heart failure, caval syndrome and pulmonary eosinophilic granulomatosis. Several preventive medications and melarsomine have been developed and they are very effective to control heartworm infestation. However, in a case of severe infestation, melarsomine therapy often results in an unfavorable outcome because of the severe immune reaction caused by rapid killing of the adult worm. Surgical removal and an interventional method using flexible alligator forceps have been well described in the literature. Despite the usefulness of mechanical removal using flexible alligator forceps, the methodology still needs to be upgraded for increasing the applicability for treating dogs with severe infestation. We describe herein a newly developed percutaneous removal method for heartworms and this was successfully applied to 4 dogs with severe heartworm infestation. The follow-up studies also showed favorable outcomes with no complications. 相似文献
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White leghorn hens were experimentally infested with northern fowl mites (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) and antibody responses to mite immunogens were monitored over 12 weeks. Mite burdens increased during the early phase of infestation and declined over the latter weeks of the study. Antigen was prepared from homogenized whole mites, which were then sonicated and extracted with non-ionic detergent. Antigen extract was fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and antibody-reactive polypeptides were identified by immunoblotting. At the start of infestation, hens had natural, pre-existing antibodies that reacted with several mite-extract components. Individual hens had different natural antibody reactivities; however, all birds had immunoglobulins reactive with extract polypeptides of 117,000, 77,000 and 36,000 molecular weight. A variety of mite extract components reacted with hen antibodies generated in response to experimental infestation. The number of antibody-reactive mite polypeptides increased through week 8 of infestation and then decreased by week 12. Fifteen polypeptides of northern fowl mite extract were reactive with antibodies developed by the majority of infested birds. These commonly reactive polypeptides had molecular weights ranging from 40,000 to 160,000. Glycoconjugates of fractionated mite extract were identified by blotting with lectins that have different carbohydrate binding specificities. Also identified were lectins that bound extract components with the same molecular weights as those moieties complexed by immunoglobulins of infested birds. 相似文献
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We describe the spatial epidemiology of Varroa destructor infestation among honey bee apiaries in the greater Auckland area of the North Island of New Zealand. The study population was comprised of 641 apiaries located within the boundaries of the study area on 11 April 2000. Cases were those members of the study population declared Varroa-infested on the basis of testing conducted between April and June 2000. The odds of Varroa was highest in apiaries in the area surrounding transport and storage facilities in the vicinity of Auckland International Airport. A mixed-effects geostatistical model, accounting for spatial extra-binomial variation in Varroa prevalence, showed a 17% reduction in the odds of an apiary being Varroa infested for each kilometre increase in the squared distance from the likely site of incursion (95% Bayesian credible interval 7–28%). The pattern of spatially autocorrelated risk that remained after controlling for the effect of distance from the likely incursion site identified areas thought to be ‘secondary’ foci of Varroa infestation initiated by beekeeper-assisted movement of infested bees. Targeted investigations within these identified areas indicated that the maximum rate of local spread of Varroa was in the order of 12 km/year (interquartile range 10–15 km/year). 相似文献
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Cruz AP Silva SS Mattos RT Da Silva Vaz I Masuda A Ferreira CA 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,158(1-2):152-158
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot were used to investigate the pattern of antibody responses of six bovines infested twelve times with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) (Acari: Ixodidae) (six heavy infestations followed by six light infestations) against salivary gland, gut and larvae extracts. During heavy infestations, bovine IgG levels were shown to be higher, and a decrease in the number and weight of ticks that completed the parasitic cycle was observed. The pattern changed starting from the seventh infestation, showing a decrease in IgG levels. An initial increase followed by a significant decrease in the proportion of ticks that completed the parasitic cycle was also observed from the seventh infestation. The number of molecules recognized by Western blot was higher from sera collected following heavy infestations than after light infestations, although a great variation in the profiles detected could be seen when the bovines were compared. These results indicate that IgG responses to different tick antigens may not be generally associated with bovine resistance, and that infestation levels modulate the magnitude of humoral responses and possibly the immune mechanisms in the natural acquisition of tick resistance. 相似文献
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Two groups of 40 ewes from each of two flocks were used in a field trial of the efficacy of dicyclanil to protect them against a natural infestation by Wohlfahrtia magnifica larvae, when administered topically as a spray-on formulation. The animals of one group in each flock were treated with dicyclanil and those of the other group were left untreated as controls. The trial lasted 31 weeks and the animals were inspected daily for wohlfahrtiosis. The incidences of wohlfahrtiosis ranged from 17.5 per cent to 20 per cent in the control groups and from 2.5 per cent to 5 per cent in the treated groups, and 77.8 per cent of the infestations were in the genitalia. When compared with the control groups, dicyclanil achieved a 100 per cent reduction of infestation in the treated groups of both flocks for at least 24 weeks, and an 80 per cent reduction for 31 weeks. 相似文献
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The collagenase (hypodermin C) from soluble crude extracts of Hypoderma lineatum 1st-instar larvae was purified by reverse-phase HPLC and used in a new indirect ELISA test. This pure protein had several advantages over the use of crude larval extracts allowing a much better discrimination between infested and non-infested cattle. The anti-hypodermin C titers of 19 Asturiana cattle were estimated over the course of a natural H. lineatum infestation cycle, in which the effect of ivermectin treatment was also investigated. The results showed differences in the onset and ending of the infestation with respect to those described for other European countries. The ivermectin treatment proved to be very effective and treated animals had relatively low anticollagenase titers. 相似文献
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S. L. Cutler 《The Journal of small animal practice》1998,39(2):86-87
A case of Psoroptes cuniculi infestation of the ears and body of a pet rabbit, with severe lesions on the skin of the caudoventral abdomen, is reported. Treatment with ivermectin injection followed by fipronil application appeared to be safe and was successful in eliminating infection. 相似文献
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绵羊痒螨寄生移行及侵袭活动的观察 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
对自然感染和人工感染的绵羊痒螨寄生移行、侵袭特点和繁殖活动进行了观察；痒螨寄生由点状寄生逐渐向周围扩散，随着病情加重病灶相接，连接成片的侵袭区，同时对宿主寄生部位皮组织的损伤程度也随病程的深入而加重。 相似文献
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Furuncular Myiasis Caused by the Human Botfly,Dermatobia hominis,in the Domestic Rabbit: Case Report
G.G. Verocai J.I. Fernandes F.A. Ribeiro R.M.P.S. Melo T.R. Correia F.B. Scott 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2009,18(2):153-155
The human botfly, Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Cuterebridae), is geographically found throughout Neotropical America, is considered the major causal agent of furuncular myiasis. This parasite generates considerable damage in affected livestock. Its low host specificity leads to reports of parasitism in several domestic species. The goal of the present study is to report a case of natural infestation by the human botfly (D. hominis) in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). 相似文献
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C. Nakajima T. Sakogawa A. Okayama A. Nakamura & T. Hayama 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1998,21(4):269-273
Disposition of mirosamicin, a macrolide antibiotic, to honeybee adults, larvae, honey and royal jelly in the beehive after in-feed administration to adult bees was studied. Treatment was initiated at the end of July when the availability of natural pollen and nectar was poor. The drug was mixed with pollen-substitute paste and administered to honeybee colonies continuously for a week at a dossage of 200 mg/hive/week. High distributions in adult bees, jelly, larvae and a relatively low distribution in honey, of mirosamicin were observed. One day dosing of microsamin in sucrose syrup, a nectar substitute, resulted in a very high and long lasting residue in honey. Both royal and worker jelly, secreted from the jelly glands of adult bees, are acidic, so that a high distribution of a basic drug, such as mirosamicin, in jelly can be expected. This mechanism was considered to be responsible for a high concentration of mirosamicin in honeybee larvae, the host of Paenibacillus-larvae infection (American foulbrood), as primary larval food is jelly. 相似文献
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Bovine scabies in a clinical problem during the cool autumn and cold winter months. In south Texas it is necessary to stanchion animals in order to elicit patent infestation during summer months. Environmental factors and grooming have been purported to account for summer resistance to infestation. However, stanchioned animals exhibit varied levels of susceptibility to infestation, suggesting that the noted variability may be influenced by the host immune response. In this study, animals were infested with Psoroptes ovis while in stanchions. The development of anti-P. ovis antibody activity was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cellular immune function was monitored with mitogens and P. ovis antigens. A correlation was noted between the development of anti-P. ovis antibody activity and the increase in mite numbers and dermatitis. Coincident with the developing infestation was a suppression of T-cell function that appeared to be stress-related as a result of stanchioning. A working hypothesis is presented that attempts to correlate the developing humoral response and the depressed T-cell response with both an increasing dermatitis and mite population. 相似文献
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Two worm-free grass paddocks, P1 and P2, were artificially contaminated in March and April-May, respectively, with bovine faeces containing known numbers of trichostrongyle (mainly Cooperia, Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus spp.) eggs in order to determine the relative contributions of late dry-season and early rains pasture contaminations to the wet-season herbage larval infestation in Nsukka, eastern Nigeria. The resulting herbage infestation was assessed by means of larval counts and tracer studies. A sudden rise in herbage infestation occurred simultaneously in both paddocks in late April, this apparently being determined by the onset of the first substantial rainfall of the wet season. Peak infestations in both paddocks also occurred simultaneously in May. The infestation in P1 was much larger, and the larval population persisted longer, than that in P2 and later gave rise to a second smaller peak in June. No L3 were recovered in herbage samples from either of the paddocks after the third week of July. Both paddocks were infective to goats in May-June, while P2 was also infective in July-August. The results suggest that in the Nigerian derived savanna the initial wet-season herbage infestation in pastures grazed by infected cattle during the dry and wet seasons will consist of L3 from late dry-season and early rains pasture contaminations, the former being the major contributor to the infestation. Consequently, pastures contaminated during the late dry season may not be safe for susceptible animals to graze at the start of the succeeding rainy season. 相似文献