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不同播期对黑河38大豆生长动态及产量的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
引进黑龙江省大豆品种黑河38,对不同播期处理的产量性状、生育期结构、叶面积指数消长、生物产量积累动态、器官平衡等进行了比较.结果表明:该品种在沈阳地区种植,随着播期延迟,生育日数逐渐缩短,最大叶面积指数下降、单株生物产量的积累减少.各播期间单株粒数、百粒重、小区产量差异显著,单位面积产量以6月9日播种最高,迟至7月11日播种,仍可获得较高产量,可作为春小麦或马铃薯下茬利用.以黑河、沈阳两地同期播种相比较,产量和品质差异较大. 相似文献
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不同播期对华南夏大豆品种产量和品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用3个国审夏大豆新品种,在广州分5个播期种植,研究了不同播期对华南夏大豆农艺性状、产量、蛋白质及脂肪含量的影响。结果表明:播期对大豆的农艺性状、产量和品质都有明显的影响。播期对产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及蛋脂总和的影响达显著或极显著水平;对不同品种的产量构成因素也有显著的影响,随着播期的延迟,单株产量、主茎荚数、分枝荚数、主茎粒数和分枝粒数呈显著下降趋势。在6月中旬至7月上旬播种,大豆产量和品质表现较好,是最佳播种期。在7月下旬之后播种,大豆植株矮小,分枝数少且分枝粒数比主茎粒数少,需要增加播种密度来提高产量;同时应适当灌溉,以防晚熟或晚播品种在开花至鼓粒期受干旱影响。华夏3号在最佳时期播种,分枝产量起主要贡献,所以该品种在6月中旬至7月上旬播种应合理密植,以保证通过提高分枝产量而获得高产。 相似文献
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《大豆科学》2015,(3)
通过模拟"玉米-大豆"带状套作,分析了133份大豆材料的农艺性状与产量的关系。结果表明:参试大豆材料表型性状的变异系数为6.44%~52.49%,各性状平均遗传多样性指数达到1.929 3,说明参试大豆材料存在比较丰富的表型多样性。相关分析表明,产量与主茎节数、有效分枝数、单株荚数、每荚粒数、分枝粒重、分枝粒重占比、营养生长期、生育期呈极显著正相关关系。多元线性逐步回归得到7个与产量呈极显著的农艺性状,正效应因子排序为:每荚粒数分枝粒重百粒重主茎节数单株荚数营养生长期,负效应因子为株高。对这7个农艺性状的通径分析表明,综合效应排名为:分枝粒重单株荚数主茎节数营养生长期每荚粒数株高百粒重。根据主成分得分并借助权重计算的综合得分把133份大豆材料聚类成4类,其中第Ⅳ类大豆分枝数、单株荚数、每荚粒数和主茎节数较多,营养生长期和生育期较长,株高适中,百粒重较小,底荚较高,适宜在套作模式中推广。 相似文献
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为了探究不同播种期对吉林小粒大豆生育进程、产量及品质的影响,以3种不同生育期的小粒大豆品种为试验材料,设置5个播种期处理,研究不同播种期对小粒大豆生育进程、产量及品质的变化规律。结果表明:随着播种期的推迟,小粒大豆生育进程延后,生育期表现缩短趋势,且各处理间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);小粒大豆单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重及产量均呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,不同播期的单株荚数和单株粒数差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),A1~A3播期间百粒重差异不显著,各品种产量均在A2(5月4日)播种期最高,东农690为2 448.6 kg·hm^-2,吉林小粒豆6号为2 606.9 kg·hm^-2,九芽豆1号为3 101.2 kg·hm^-2,播期间产量差异极显著(P<0.01);回归分析结果表明,播期与产量间具有很大的相关性。早播或迟播病粒率增加,完全粒率降低,蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量降低,推迟播期籽粒粗脂肪含量持续下降;小粒大豆播期与蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著负相关关系,与脂肪含量、总蛋脂含量呈极显著负相关关系。吉林地区小粒大豆适宜播期是5月4日左右,此期间播种有利于获得高产优质的小粒大豆。 相似文献
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播种期对芝麻生育期及产量性状的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从4月30日到7月29日设立10个播种期,研究不同播种期对芝麻生育期及产量性状的影响。结果表明：播种期对芝麻生育期影响明显,呈先升后降,然后小幅上升的趋势;随着播种期推迟,芝麻株高、始蒴高度和单株产量表现为先升后降趋势,其中单株产量于5月21日播种达最大值;蒴节数、每蒴粒数和千粒重呈不断下降趋势;蒴果长和蒴果宽变化不明显;空稍尖长度变化的规律性不明显,于第6期（6月9日播种）和第7期（6月19日播种）达最大值;播种期之间的小区产量差异达显著或极显著水平。因此,播种期对芝麻生育期和产量性状影响明显,适宜播期为5月上旬到7月中旬,其中5月下旬播种产量最高。 相似文献
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江苏淮北地区夏大豆品种更替中产量及有关性状的改良与展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过对江苏淮北地区50～80年代先后推广的16个夏大豆代表品种的产量及有关性状变化的研究,看出本区大豆品种更替过程中,品种产量潜力的提高主要变化因素为:百粒重与每荚粒重的增加、收获指数的大幅度提高和生物量的稳步增长;植株矮化、节数和分枝数减少;全生育期缩短,而以鼓粒期为主的生殖生长期有所延长。本区今后大豆高产育种应在现有百粒重的基础上,协调好粒重、粒数和荚数三者关系,适当提高株荚数和每荚粒数,同时注意增加生物量,提高收获指数;生育期不宜再缩短,注意长鼓粒期的选择;进而提高育成品种的增产潜力和适应性。 相似文献
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生殖生长期光富集及遮阴对大豆产量及其构成特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆冠层截获的太阳辐射强度是其产量和产量构成要素的重要决定因素.通过对3个粒重不同的大豆品种(系)生殖生长期进行不同的光处理,研究了田间条件下,高密度(54株·m-2)、中密度(27株·m-2)和低密度(14株·m-2)群体光富集及遮阴对大豆植株产量及其构成特征的影响.结果表明:光富集处理显著增加大豆单株荚数和产量,在低、中和高密度条件下,不同品种(系)单株产量增加幅度分别为26.2%-57.2%、27.7%-71.7%和10.8%-61.4%.遮阴显著降低大豆荚数和产量,不同密度条件下,单株产量相应减少幅度分别为37.1%-46.1%、34.4%-49.7%和41.7%-55.0%.光富集显著增加大豆主茎中下部节位的荚数,在低密度群体下.3个品种大豆主茎1-6节位的荚数分别由7.5个增加到17.3个、5.6个增加到10.1个和6.9个增加到17.2个,并显著减少底部节位的空荚率.光富集和遮阴有增加和减少每荚粒数的趋势,在低密度群体下,光富集使海339每荚粒数显著上升,由2.17上升到2.36,在中密度和高密度有使其每荚粒数上升的趋势但差异不显著.在低密度和中密度下,黑农35每荚粒数显著上升,分别由1.93和1.78上升到2.26和2.13,在高密度下,光富集也使垦农18每荚粒数显著上升,由1.89上升到2.08.在低密度下,遮阴使垦农18每荚粒数由2.17减少到1.97.光富集和遮阴对粒重也有一定影响,在低密度群体下,遮阴增加垦农18和海339粒重8%-ll%,而在高密度群体下,遮阴降低海339百粒重17%,百粒重的变化与种植密度及品种有关.单株荚数和粒数的改变是对产量贡献最大的因子. 相似文献
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夏大豆的产量潜力与高产栽培技术 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文通过对大豆的产量构成因素，耕作栽培条件对产量的影响，河南大豆生产中存在的问题，省内外的高产实例四个方面，分析了夏大豆的产量潜力，并针对目前河南大豆单产水平较低的状况及高产经验，提出了以选用优良品种为基础，以培育壮苗全苗为前提，以精细管理为保证，配合应用植物生长调节剂等六条高产栽培措施。 相似文献
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Independence of dry matter yield and leaf yield among perennial ryegrass varieties differing in seasonal yield distribution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. W. WILKINS 《Grass and Forage Science》1995,50(2):155-161
Four varieties of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.), (Ba11316, Merlinda, Morgana and Talbot), with similar ear emergence dates but differing in seasonal yield distribution were compared over two harvest years (1992 and 1993) in a small plot trial employing six levels of fertilizer N (100 to 600kg Nha−1 year−1 applied monthly as split dressings). In each year, a conservation cut in May was followed by five further harvests at monthly intervals. Herbage samples from each of the twelve harvests were separated into leaf lamina and other tissues, and the yield of leaf lamina calculated. The percentage of flowering tillers was determined in May and July of each year, Ba11316 produced significantly more dry matter (DM) than the other three varieties at six of the twelve harvests, but its total DM yield over all twelve harvests was 5% less than Merlinda and 3% less than Morgana, owing to lower yields of reproductive growth in May of both years. Varieties also varied in mean leaf content of the herbage over all harvests, Ba11316 being 69 g kg−1 higher than that of Merlinda. Differences among the varieties in leaf content were primarily because of difference in proportion of flowering tillers, Ba 11316 having a lower proportion of flowering tillers than the other three varieties. However, the mean leaf content of the tetraploid Merlinda was significantly lower than that of Morgana although these two varieties had a similar mean percentage of flowering tillers. Despite its lower total DM yield, Bal 1316 produced 16% and 14% more leaf over the two harvest years than Merlinda and Morgana respectively. Total leaf yield of Talbot was significantly higher than that of Merlinda and Morgana, although Talbot had been developed twelve years earlier than the other two varieties. 相似文献
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Taylor C. Adams Larry C. Purcell Jeremy Ross Edward E. Gbur Mary C. Savin 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(6):816-829
State yield contests offer a unique opportunity to examine the high end of crop productivity. Yield-contest-entered and average-yielding areas on the same or a similar soil can provide large yield and soil property variations to better examine the relationships among various near-surface soil properties and soybean (Glycine max L. [Merr.]) yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships among a suite of near-surface soil properties and soybean yield across average- and high-yield areas using state yield-contest sites. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to evaluate best-fit relationships among various soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and yield separately for average- and high-yielding areas and for data combined across yield areas. Soybean yield variation was most explained for the high-yield-area dataset (R2 = 73%) and less explained for the average-yield-area (R2 = 51%) and the combined (R2 = 50%) datasets. Extractable soil Ca and S explained the largest proportion of yield variation (37% and 31% of total sum of squares) in the high-yield setting and both were inversely related to yield. A better understanding of the soil environment may be a key component of more frequent attainment of the 6270 kg ha?1 (100 bu acre?1) soybean yield mark. Additional soil properties, beyond those evaluated in this study, may need to be included for a more complete understanding of the soil environment that is associated with high-yield soybean production. 相似文献
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试验结果表明,氮肥用量在0-200 kg／hm2的范围内,产量随氮肥用量的增加而提高,氮肥施用量40-240 kg／hm2比CK(无肥区)增产38．90%-169．45％,比只施用磷、钾肥的处理增产16．99％-129．94％。氮肥用量增加,单穴穗数、穗粒数增加;饱满千粒重、混合千粒重和饱满粒率下降。穗颈长、穗长、一次枝梗和二次枝梗数量、着粒密度增加;植株高度、单穴草重、生物产量、谷草比和经济系数提高。适宜的氮肥用量为160- 200 kg／hm2,不仅增产率高,而且其它性状也能得到改善。 相似文献
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氮肥用量对水稻产量及产量性状的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
试验结果表明,氮肥用量在0～200 kg/hm^2的范围内,产量随氮肥用量的增加而提高,氮肥施用量40～240kg/hm^2比CK（无肥区）增产38.90%～169.45%,比只施用磷、钾肥的处理增产16.99%～129.94%.氮肥用量增加,单穴穗数、穗粒数增加;饱满千粒重、混合千粒重和饱满粒率下降.穗颈长、穗长、一次枝梗和二次枝梗数量、着粒密度增加;植株高度、单穴草重、生物产量、谷草比和经济系数提高.适宜的氮肥用量为160～200 kg/hm^2,不仅增产率高,而且其它性状也能得到改善. 相似文献
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Field experiments were conducted to study the impact of single and multiple flaming on crop injury, yield components, and yield of soybean. The goal of this experiment was to determine the number of the maximum flaming treatments which soybean could tolerate without any yield loss. The treatments consisted of a non-flamed control, and broadcast flaming conducted one time (at VC-unfolded cotyledon, V2-second trifoliate, and V5-fifth trifoliate), two times (each at VC and V2, VC and V5, and V2 and V5 stages), and three times (at VC, V2, and V5 stages) resulting in a total of eight treatments. All plots were kept weed-free for the entire growing season by hand hoeing. A propane dose of 50 kg ha−1 was applied with torches parallel to the crop row and at an operating speed of 4.8 km h−1 for all treatments. The response of soybean was measured as visual injury ratings (at 7 and 28 days after treatment – DAT) as well as effects on yield components and yield. Broadcast flaming conducted once (at VC or V5 stage), as well as twice (at VC and V5 stages) exhibited the lowest injury of about 8% at 28 DAT. Any treatment that contained flaming at V2 stage resulted in more than 70% injury at 28 DAT. The highest crop yields were obtained from the non-flamed control (3.45 t ha−1) and the plots flamed once at VC (3.35 t ha−1), V5 (3.32 t ha−1), and two times at VC and V5 (3.24 t ha−1), which were all statistically similar. Soybean flamed at V2 stage had lower yields (1.03 t ha−1 at V2, 0.46 t ha−1 at VC and V2, and 0.38 t ha−1 at V2 and V5). The lowest yields were in soybean flamed three times (VC, V2, and V5 stages), which yielded only 0.36 t ha−1. These results indicate that soybean could tolerate a maximum of two flaming treatments at VC and V5 growth stages per season without any yield reduction. 相似文献
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寒地水稻产量及构成要素关系研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过对影响水稻产量性状的灰色关联度、相关性及逐步回归分析,结果表明:产量构成四要素对产量的贡献依次为穗粒数>穗数/㎡>千粒重>结实率;穗粒数与实际产量之间有正相关性,其它与产量呈较弱的负相关性;产量构成因素与产量的多元逐步回归模型为■:=283.6605+0.4863X1+2.6405X2+0.6511X3+1.4269X4,回归方程中穗粒数偏回归系数最大。因此,在制定水稻高产栽培措施时,应在稳定平方米穗数的基础上,提高穗粒数,是获得高产主要途径之一。栽培上采取的措施是倒4叶后半叶酌情施N肥和倒2叶采用间歇灌溉。 相似文献