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Sprinkle JE Cuneo SP Frederick HM Enns RM Schafer DW Carstens GE Daugherty SB Noon TH Rickert BM Reggiardo C 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(6):1439-1453
The objectives were to determine if strategic supplementation of range cows with a long-acting (6 mo), trace mineral, reticulorumen bolus containing Cu, Se, and Co would: (1) increase cow BCS and BW, and calf birth, weaning, and postweaning weights, or weight per day of age (WDA); (2) increase liver concentrations of Cu or Zn in cows, or blood Se, Cu, or Zn concentrations in cows and calves; and (3) vary by cow breed for any of these response variables. There were 192 control and 144 bolused Composite cows (C; 25% Hereford, Angus, Gelbevieh, and Senepol or Barzona); 236 control and 158 bolused Hereford (H) cows; and 208 control and 149 bolused Brahman cross (B) cows used in a 3-yr experiment. Cows were weighed and scored for body condition in January, May, and September, and all bolused cows received boluses in January. Each year, from among the 3 breed groups a subset of 15 control and 15 bolused cows (n = 90) had samples obtained in January and May for liver Cu and Zn, blood Se, and serum Cu and Zn. As for cows, blood and serum from the calves of these cows were sampled each year in May and September for Cu, Se, and Zn. There was a significant breed x year x treatment interaction (P = 0.001) for cow weight loss from January to May. Calf WDA, weaning, and postweaning weights did not differ (P > 0.40) between bolused and control cows, but there was a significant (P = 0.022) breed x year x treatment interaction for birth weight. Liver Cu was deficient (< 75 ppm; P < 0.001) in control cows and adequate (< 75 to 90 ppm) for bolused cows. Liver Cu differed by year (P < 0.001). Blood Se was adequate (< 0.1 ppm) for all cows except in January 2001 and 2002. There was no difference (P > 0.50) in blood Se between treatment groups in January, but bolused cows had greater (P < 0.01) blood Se in May. Breed differences for blood Se concentrations existed for bolused cows, with B having greater (P < 0.05) blood Se than either C or H cows. Breed differences also existed for control cows, with H having less blood Se (P < 0.04) than B or C cows. Calves from bolused cows had greater blood Se than calves from control cows (P = 0.01). Supplementation via a long-acting trace mineral bolus was successful in increasing liver Cu in cows and blood Se in cows and calves, but the responses varied by year. Bolus administration had variable effects on BW change in early lactation, depending on breed and year, which may indicate the need for breed- and year-specific supplementation programs. 相似文献
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有机微量元素应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1 生化特性有机微量元素可分为金属络合物 (配体化合物 )和螯合物两类。络合剂有蛋白质、氨基酸、糖、有机酸等天然有机物。金属络合物是由一个中心离子 (或原子 )如 (Fe2 +、Cu2 +、Zn2 +等 )和配位体以共价键相结合所形成的复杂离子或分子。配位体是指那些含有可提供孤对电子的分子 ,有机分子中的氮、氧、硫都可提供孤对电子 ,这些供体可与金属离子发生配位作用 ,从而形成复合物。螯合物是一种特殊的络合物 ,是指一个或多个基团与一个金属离子进行配位反应而生成的具有环状结构的络合物。2 生物利用率许多研究证明 ,有机微量元素比无… 相似文献
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很多研究表明,硒、锌、铜、铁等微量元素对动物生殖机能有重要影响,为了在畜牧生产中科学合理地补充微量元素,现就各种微量元素的作用及其对动物生殖机能的影响分述如下. 相似文献
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The effects of withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral supplements from layer diets on egg yield and trace mineral composition 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. This study was conducted as three trials. 2. In the first trial, zinc, manganese, copper and iron concentrations were determined in dietary raw materials collected from various regions of Turkey. 3. In the second trial, 200 Hisex Brown laying hens, 30 weeks of age, were divided into two groups. The first group served as controls and were fed on a standard commercial layer diet. The second group were fed on a commercial layer diet that was not supplemented with trace minerals and vitamins. Egg production, egg weight, specific gravity, food consumption and food efficiency of the birds in each group were determined. In the unsupplemented group, egg production (0.75 vs 0.83) and food intake (114 vs 122 g) were lower than the those of the control group (P < 0.05). Food efficiency was 2.42 (kg food/kg gain) in the group consuming the unsupplemented diet and 2.36 in the controls. 4. In the third trial, as in Trial 2, Hisex Brown laying hens, 62 weeks of age were used. In the unsupplemented group, the mean egg weight was significantly lower than that of controls (68.0 vs 69.6 g) (P < 0.01). 5. At the end of the second and third trials, egg samples collected from experimental groups were hard boiled in water. The levels of zinc, manganese, copper and iron in the egg yolk were determined. The zinc level of the egg yolk from the control group of second trial was higher (23.5 mg/kg) than those of the unsupplemented group (13.6 mg/kg). 相似文献
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矿物质元素是绒山羊正常生产发育所必须的,在机体内应保持正常的含量水平才能充分发挥绒山羊的生产性能,生产者应根据当地的实际 相似文献
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试验采用不同剂量的必需微量元素和预混料饲喂各年龄段猪,随机选择体重在10～25kg、25～60kg、60～90kg的猪各60头,每个体重价段分成6组,每组10头,对照组只喂预混料,试验各组饲喂不同剂量的必需微量元素和预混料,其它管理完全相同,试验期42d。结果表明,在猪10～25kg阶段补充必需微量元素后效果显著,试验组比对照组增重提高38.43%～65.89%,差异极显著(P<0.01);在猪25～60kg阶段补充必需微量元素也可取得较好效果,试验组比对照组增重提高22.34%～48.66%,差异显著(P<0.05);在猪60～90kg阶段补充必需微量元素后效果不明显,试验组比对照组增重提高9.47%～22.92%。同时,各试验阶段补充不同剂量的必需微量元素后粪便中必需微量元素残留量也成倍增加。 相似文献
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随着生物学、生物化学、环境卫生学、动物营养学等学科的迅速发展，微量元素与动物生产、健康、疾病的关系越来越密切。例如，微量元素参与人和动物体内50％-70％的酶的构成，组成体内重要的载体和电子传递系统，参与体内激素和维生素的合成Ⅲ等。畜牧业上．矿物质微量元素添加剂的作用日益受到人们的重视．并广泛地应用于动物生产上，取得了很好的效果。但是，随着这种掭加剂的广泛应用，畜禽粪便中的矿物质含量过高，给环境带来了污染， 相似文献
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小肽促进微量元素吸收的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
微量元素添加剂产品的发展经历了3个阶段．第一代产品是无机盐类微量元素添加剂，如硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌、氧化锌、硫酸铜和硫酸锰等。但这类无机盐添加剂稳定性差，对动物胃肠刺激性大．消化吸收率低，因而研究者开发出了第二代微量元素产品。第二代微量元素添加剂为简单有机酸盐类，如葡萄糖酸、柠檬酸和富马酸等微量元素盐类．但也存在稳定性差、受肠内容物干扰大等缺点．吸收利用率并不高。近年来发展的第三代微量元素添加剂氨基酸螯合盐（AAC）克服了前两类产品的弊端，微量元素能以游离氨基酸（FAA）为载体，具有抗干扰力强、稳定性好、易吸收等优点．其生物效价为无机盐类添加剂的2～3倍。小肽（SP，主要是二肽、三肽）吸收理论已被人们所接受，与氨基酸（AA）的吸收相比，具有吸收快、不易饱和、耗能低，且与FAA的吸收无竞争等特点。因此，不少研究者将目光转向了第四代微量元素添加剂——小肽螫合盐（SPC）。该类产品可依靠小肽独特的吸收体系促进微量元素的吸收。 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(3)
Trace elements are essential dietary components for livestock species. However, they also exhibit a strong toxic potential. Therefore, their fluxes through the animal organism are tightly regulated by a complex molecular machinery that controls the rate of absorption from the gut lumen as well as the amount of excretion via faeces, urine and products(e.g., milk) in order to maintain an internal equilibrium. When supplemented in doses above the gross requirement trace elements accumulate in urine and faeces and, hence, manure. Thereby, trace element emissions represent a potential threat to the environment. This fact is of particular importance in regard to the widely distributed feeding practice of pharmacological zinc and copper doses for the purpose of performance enhancement. Adverse environmental effects have been described, like impairment of plant production, accumulation in edible animal products and the water supply chain as well as the correlation between increased trace element loads and antimicrobial resistance. In the light of discussions about reducing the allowed upper limits for trace element loads in feed and manure from livestock production in the European Union excessive dosing needs to be critically reconsidered. Moreover, the precision in trace element feeding has to be increased in order to avoid unnecessary supplementation and, thereby, heavy metal emissions from livestock production. 相似文献
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有机微量元素对母猪生产性能的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
母猪在生产年限内保持较高的生产水平是农场获利的保障 ,因此满足其各种营养素的需要至关重要。微量元素的添加量虽小 ,但对母猪整个生殖过程都有极重要的影响 ,因此生物学效价高的有机微量元素应用于母猪的研究受到重视。本文对近年来有机微量元素对繁殖母猪生产性能影响的研究作一综述。1 现代繁殖母猪的饲养需加强微量元素营养母猪在妊娠期限饲 ,微量元素在体内储备较低 ,加之现代育种要求母猪高产 ,使母猪在泌乳期很难采食足够的营养素来满足生产的需要。母猪经过几个胎次的生产 ,体内微量元素含量总体有降低趋势 ,加强母猪微量元素营… 相似文献
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微量元素硒及其对奶牛的营养作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
霞杜淅嘈秃土で嗟男阅苤副?选择合适的测定空隙率的方法,使沥青混和料达到理想的密实度,对减少沥青路面的早期损害至关重要。一、沥青在矿料表面的分布状态分析1.沥青在矿料表面分布状态的五种情况。(1)沥青渗入矿料开口空隙中裹覆其内边界,外轮廓未被沥青裹覆;(2)沥青未 相似文献
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Creech BL Spears JW Flowers WL Hill GM Lloyd KE Armstrong TA Engle TE 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(7):2140-2147
Two hundred and sixteen weanling gilts (6.65+/-0.08 kg) were used to determine the effects of decreasing supplemental concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn, and trace mineral source (inorganic vs. chelated) on growth performance, mineral status, and fecal mineral concentrations from weaning through development. The study was conducted over three trials with 72 pigs in each trial. Gilts were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to either 1) control, 2) reduced inorganic, or 3) reduced chelated trace minerals. The control diet was supplemented with 25, 150, 180, and 60 mg/kg of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn (in sulfate forms), respectively, during the nursery phase and 15, 100, 100, and 40 mg/kg of supplemental Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn, respectively, during the growing and gilt-developer phases. Reduced inorganic and reduced chelated treatments were supplemented during all phases with 5, 25, 25, and 10 mg/kg of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn, respectively. The reduced chelated treatment supplied 50% of the supplemental Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in the form of metal proteinates, with the remainder from sulfate forms. Performance by control pigs did not differ from pigs fed the reduced trace mineral treatments during the nursery and grower-development periods. Gain:feed was lower (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the reduced inorganic compared with those fed the reduced chelated treatment during the nursery period. Trace mineral source did not affect performance during the growing or gilt-developer phase. Plasma Zn concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity were higher (P < 0.01) in control pigs than in those receiving reduced trace minerals during the nursery and growing phases. Plasma Cu concentration and ceruloplasmin activity were generally not affected by treatment. Hemoglobin concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) for the reduced inorganic compared with the reduced chelated treatment in the nursery phase. Fecal concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn were lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed reduced trace minerals than in controls during all production phases. Fecal Zn concentration during the nursery and fecal Cu concentrations during the growing and gilt-developer phases were lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the reduced chelated compared with the reduced inorganic treatment. Results indicate that reducing the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe typically supplemented to pig diets will greatly decrease fecal mineral excretion without negatively affecting pig performance from weaning through development. 相似文献
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Gavin M Boerboom Ronald Busink Coen H Smits Wouter H Hendriks Javier Martín-Tereso 《Journal of animal science》2020,98(12)
Trace minerals are commonly supplemented in the diets of farmed animals in levels exceeding biological requirements, resulting in extensive fecal excretion and environmental losses. Chelation of trace metal supplements with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) can mitigate the effects of dietary antagonists by preserving the solubility of trace minerals. Lack of EDTA biodegradability, however, is of environmental concern. l-Glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) is a readily biodegradable chelating agent that could be used as a suitable alternative to EDTA. The latter was tested in sequential dose–response experiments in broiler chickens. Study 1 compared the effect of EDTA and GLDA in broilers on supplemental zinc availability at three levels of added zinc (5, 10, and 20 ppm) fed alone or in combination with molar amounts of GLDA or EDTA equivalent to chelate the added zinc, including negative (no supplemental zinc) and positive (80 ppm added zinc) control treatments. Study 2 quantified the effect of GLDA on the availability of native trace mineral feed content in a basal diet containing no supplemental minerals and supplemented with three levels of GLDA (54, 108, and 216 ppm). In study 1, serum and tibia Zn clearly responded to the increasing doses of dietary zinc with a significant response to the presence of EDTA and GLDA (P < 0.05). These results are also indicative of the equivalent nutritional properties between GLDA and EDTA. In study 2, zinc levels in serum and tibia were also increased with the addition of GLDA to a basal diet lacking supplemental trace minerals, where serum zinc levels were 60% higher at the 216 ppm inclusion level. Similar to the reported effects of EDTA, these studies demonstrate that dietary GLDA may have enhanced zinc solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and subsequently enhanced availability for absorption, resulting in improved nutritional zinc status in zinc-deficient diets. As such, GLDA can be an effective nutritional tool to reduce supplemental zinc levels in broiler diets, thereby maintaining health and performance while reducing the environmental footprint of food-producing animals. 相似文献
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采用体质量-口罩法,分别在2、4、6、8、10、12月对天山北坡中段草地放牧的新疆细毛羊采食量进行测定,通过样方对牧草微量元素含量进行测定,计算放牧绵羊微量元素摄入量,另外不同季节绵羊发生周期性生理变化,对微量元素的需要量也不同,把不同季节放牧绵羊微量元素摄入量和需要量进行比较。研究结果得出不同季节绵羊从每天的采食中所获得的铁、锰、钴等微量元素能满足其需要。草地牧草中严重缺锌,母羊除在空怀期外其余时间锌缺乏量为16.0%82.2%,特别是在母羊泌乳前期只能从牧草中获得需要量17.8%的锌。绵羊怀孕后期和泌乳前期缺铜55%和59%,常年缺硒6%52%。 相似文献
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矿物质微量元素是动物必需的五大类养分之一，具有不可替代的生理生化作用，是机体必需的成分。调整体液ｐＨ，维持稳定的渗透压、细胞膜与酶系统及激素功能的发挥、正常微生物菌群的生长繁殖等，都离不开微量元素的作用。体内微量元素的变化不仅影响机体本身，而且也影响体内微生物的生长繁殖、代谢及毒素的产生。因此它对动物生产的影响，越来越引起人们的重视。 各种天然的植物性饲料中微量元素含量常常变化较大，有时相差几十倍。表１为同一条件下我国主要饲料原料中铁、铜、锌的分析结果。 从表１中可以看出，同一种类原料中同一微量元… 相似文献
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在分析奶牛日粮中微量元素缺乏程度以及添加微量元素铜、锌、碘、硒单因子饲喂试验基础上，我们用缓释剂和微量元素制成复合长效微量元素添加剂—瘤胃丸，研究了其弥补奶牛日粮微量元素不足的功效及安全性。１ 材料与方法 １．１ 试验牛与分组 选择健康、发育正常的１０～１７月龄荷斯坦育成母牛２２头，按照体重相近原则随机分成对照组和试验组两组。 １．２ 试验日粮 精料补充料按典型配方由玉米、麸皮、胡麻饼、高粱、食盐和石粉等组成，粗料为甜菜渣、玉米青贮。 １．３ 饲养管理 采用固定精料补充料和甜菜渣量、自由采食青贮… 相似文献
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