共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
三峡库区澎溪河流域消落区土壤氮磷释放研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过模拟试验研究了温度和施肥对三峡库区澎溪河流域消落区冲积土、紫色土和水稻土氮磷释放的影响,估算了这3种土壤氮磷的释放量。结果表明,淹水后消落区土壤氮的释放潜力为水稻土冲积土紫色土,不同温度下消落土壤氮的释放潜力表现为20℃略高于10℃,明显高于30℃;消落区土壤间磷释放的差异因温度的不同而异,10℃时3种土壤间上覆水磷浓度相近,20℃和30℃时,土壤磷的释放潜力为冲积土紫色土水稻土,土壤磷的释放随淹水温度的提高而升高。按云阳县耕地平均施肥量(N0.21g/kg和P0.15g/kg)向消落区土壤施入氮磷肥,冲积土、紫色土和水稻土向水体释放的氮分别提高7.05～17.27,10.03～25.41,5.84～13.70倍,释放的磷分别提高1.47～4.88,4.99～16.49,1.18～3.03倍。根据澎溪河流域水温、水位变动情况及消落区土壤面积,估算出未施肥条件下澎溪河流域消落区冲积土、紫色土和水稻土的氮释放负荷为19.36,29.45,236.07t/a,磷释放负荷分别为0.49,0.94,1.91t/a。 相似文献
2.
不同类型土壤中甲烷释放特性和产甲烷菌数量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在盆栽条件下,研究了从不同母质发育的6种类型土壤(3种旱土和3种水稻土)种稻时的甲烷释放特性和产甲烷菌数量。结果表明,6种不同类型土壤种稻期问的甲烷释放趋势是一致的,即成活期时甲烷释放量较少,随着生育期的推进,至分蘖盛期达最高,随后又逐渐减少,到分蘖末期后又有回升。不同类型的稻田和旱地土壤在种植水稻后,前者的甲烷释放量明显高于后者。稻田土壤则以pH近中性、有机质含量较高的黄松田土壤甲烷释放量为最多,其次是偏碱性的涂砂田,以偏酸性的老黄筋泥田为最少;旱地土壤淹水种稻后的甲烷释放量是黄松土黄筋泥成泥土。6种土壤淹水而不种稻时甲烷释放量明显低于种稻时的甲烷释放量。6种土壤淹水后不论种稻与否,产甲烷菌的数量是原先为稻田的土壤比原先是旱地的土壤为多。 相似文献
3.
淹水条件下有机酸(糖)对土壤磷素固定的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以水田土壤剖面为对象,从磷素固定的角度研究了无定型铁等主要固磷基质在淹水加有机酸(糖)条件下的变化特征及其固磷能力变化特点。结果表明,剖面各层土壤淹水条件下添加有机酸(糖)培养后均可以与Langmiur方程很好拟合,淹水不添加有机酸(糖)与添加的处理相比,所有样品的最大固磷量均表现出降低的特点。淹水后土壤无定形硅含量与淹水前相比有所降低;无定形铁淹水前后变化不大但多数以含量增加为主,加酸(糖)处理中无定形铁含量表现出下降的趋势;络合态铁增加非常明显。无定性硅的变化与土壤固磷能力的变化相关性不显著,淹水前后无定形铁含量变化与最大吸磷量变化之间的相关性达到极显著水平,但淹水加酸(糖)后的最大吸磷量与淹水前相比多数样品有所降低;络合态铁氧化物主要表现为与磷素固定能力一定的负相关。 相似文献
4.
在淹水培养条件下,进行了12种不同pH水稻土硅素累积释放试验,结合田间试验的效果,研究了土壤有效硅、水稻土硅的累积释放特征及其与硅肥肥效之间的关系。结果表明:1mol L-1HAc-NaAc(pH=4)缓冲液法不能直接判断碱性水稻土供硅能力。不同pH水稻土中硅素的释放过程可以用方程y=kxm来描述。土壤硅素120日累积释放量、硅素释放初始速率km与水稻相对产量具有显著的线性正相关关系。因此,应用土壤硅素释放动力学方程参数能够评价不同pH水稻土的供硅能力。 相似文献
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不同土壤磷的固定特征及磷释放量和释放率的研究 总被引：42，自引：4，他引：42
通过加入不同浓度的P(水土比为 2 0∶1 )并利用连续提取法 ,对三种土壤P的固定特征以及磷的释放进行了研究。结果表明 ,红壤对P的固定能力高于潮土 ,而潮土高于水稻土 ,在加入P量为 2 97gkg- 1土壤的条件下 ,三种土壤对P的固定量分别为 2 84gkg- 1、2 5 3gkg- 1和 2 0 8gkg- 1。三种土壤对P的固定率则随着加入P量的增加而降低。在P的释放研究中 ,随着提取次数的增加 ,P的释放量减少 ,并在提取 8次后 ,以后各次P的释放量不发生显著变化。三种土壤中 ,水稻土P的最大释放量 (1 2 4 0 7mgkg- 1)显著高于红壤 (60 46mgkg- 1)和潮土 (1 9 74mgkg- 1) ,水稻土P的总释放量 (1 6次 )也大于红壤和潮土 ,三种土壤P的总释放量分别为 2 0 6 0 2 (1 98gkg- 1土壤P处理 )和 2 71 91mgkg- 1(2 97gkg- 1土壤P处理 )、1 0 0 48和2 60 5 3mgkg- 1、1 1 6 0 6和 1 3 1 91mgkg- 1。三种土壤P的释放率随着提取次数的增加而增加 ,并逐渐达到稳定。水稻土的释放率显著高于红壤和潮土。水稻土和潮土中 ,1 98gkg- 1土壤P处理的土壤P的释放率高于2 97gkg- 1土壤P处理的土壤 ,红壤则相反 相似文献
8.
不同土壤和供肥模式对磷在肥际微域中的迁移和转化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用室内土柱实验研究了单施磷酸二氢铵(MAP)、磷酸二氢铵配施草酸(MAP+OA)和包膜磷酸二氢铵(包膜MAP)3种施肥模式下磷在潮土和水稻土肥际微域中的迁移和形态转化。结果表明,磷在土壤中的迁移距离较短,磷在潮土中的迁移距离较水稻土短,配施草酸处理可增加磷在土壤中的迁移距离,包膜MAP处理磷的迁移距离最短且释放量少。磷在施肥60 d内的迁移量较大,然后只发生少量迁移,迁移进入土壤的磷60.2%~80.3%被吸附固定,15.4%~42.9%仍以有效态存在,配施草酸处理可降低土壤对磷的固定作用,包膜MAP处理缓慢释放磷肥可能会增强土壤对磷的固定作用。 相似文献
9.
干湿交替条件下土壤磷释放及其与土壤性质的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过四川瀑布沟水电站消落区典型土壤磷释放室内模拟试验,研究淹水及干湿交替条件下消落区土壤性质变化情况以及土壤性质与磷释放之间的关系,以期为预防水库水体富营养化,水库消落区合理利用与科学制定管理对策提供参考。结果表明：淹水能够提高土壤活性氧化铁（Feox）含量,淹水风干后土壤Feox含量降低至淹水前的水平;淹水后Feox变化幅度为：旱地〉水田〉果园,紫色土〉冲积土。土壤磷吸持饱和度（DPS）与无定形铁铝氧化物Alox密切相关;土壤最大吸磷量（Qm）淹水时最高增加至2 758.01 mg/kg,土壤淹水后Qm、土壤最大缓冲容量（MBC）、土壤吸磷指数（PSI）值升高;淹水能够明显提高土壤的磷素缓冲容量、土壤的最大缓冲能力和吸附能力、土壤磷的保持率,其原因也是与淹水后土壤无定形铁铝氧化物含量大幅度增加有关;通过主成分分析,土壤磷释放能力主要与土壤磷水平和土壤吸磷能力有关,且主要指标包括土壤有机质含量（OM）、土壤有效磷含量（Olsen-P）、土壤磷保持率（f）、土壤最大吸磷量（Qm）、土壤活性氧化铁（Feox）、土壤活性氧化铝（Alox）等,说明四川省瀑布沟水电站消落区土壤存在较大的磷释放风险。 相似文献
10.
湿地磷的生物地球化学特性 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
综述了湿地磷的生物地球化学特性，包括湿地土壤中磷的存在形态与磷的固定，湿地淹水对磷固定的影响，持久性淹水土壤中磷的行为，淹水和干旱转换条件下磷的反应，湿地在水体磷去除过程中的作用等。 相似文献
11.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3-4):277-288
Abstract Phosphate sorption isotherms were determined for 16 representative major soils developed from different parent materials on Okinawa. Phosphate sorption characteristics were satisfactorily described by the Langmuir equation, which was used to determine phosphorus (P) sorption maxima of the soils. Phosphate sorption maxima ranged from 630 to 2208 mg P kg‐1 soil (mean 1,362 mg P kg‐1). The standard P requirement (i.e., the amount of P required to attain 0.2 mg P L‐1 equilibrium solution) followed the same trend as sorption maximum (r =0.94***), with values ranging from 132 to 1,020 mg P kg‐1 soil (mean 615 mg P kg‐1). This mean value corresponds to fertilizer addition of 923 kg P ha‐1 indicating that the soils have high P fertilizer requirements. Results of simple linear regression analysis indicated that sorption maximum was significantly correlated with clay content, organic matter, oxalate iron (Fe), pyrophosphate Fe, DCB aluminum (Al), oxalate Al, and pyrophosphate Al, but not with DCB Fe, pH, or available P content. The best regression model for predicting sorption maximum was the combination of clay, organic matter, pyrophosphate Fe, and DCB Al which altogether explained 79% of the variance in sorption maximum. The equation obtained could offer a rapid estimation of P sorption in Okinawan soils. 相似文献
12.
As repeatedly reported, soil flooding improves the availability of P to rice. This is in contrast with an increased P sorption in paddy soils. The effects of soil flooding on the transformation of Fe oxides and the adsorption/desorption of P of two paddy soils of Zhejiang Province in Southeast‐China were studied in anaerobic incubation experiments (submerging with water in N2 atmosphere). Soil flooding significantly increased oxalate‐extractable Fe (Feox), mainly at the expense of dithionite‐soluble Fe (FeDCB), as well as oxalate‐extractable P (Pox), but decreased the ratio of Pox/Feox. Flooding largely increased both, P adsorption and the maximum P adsorption capacity. The majority of newly sorbed P in the soils was Pox, but also more newly retained P was found to be not extractable by oxalate. Flooding also changed the characteristics of P desorption in the soils. Due to a decrease of the saturation index of the P sorption capacity, P adsorbed by flooded soils was much less desorbable than that from non‐flooded soils. There are obviously significant differences in the nature of both, the Feox and Pox fractions under non‐flooded and flooded conditions. The degree of the changes in Feox, Pox, P adsorption and P desorption by flooding depended on the contents of amorphous and total Fe oxides in non‐flooded soils. Our results confirm that the adsorption and desorption behavior of P in paddy soils is largely controlled by the transformation of the Fe oxides. The reasons of the often‐reported improved P availability to rice induced by flooding, in spite of the unfavorable effect on P desorbability, are discussed. 相似文献
13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-20):2375-2387
Abstract Iron (Fe)‐enriched concretions, a complex natural matrix with high chemical heterogeneity and phosphate‐sorption capacity, is widespread in soils with restrictive drainage in Greece. However, the phosphorus (P) status and related characteristics of Fe‐enriched concretions in agricultural soils in areas where P fertilization is mainly inorganic are relatively unknown. Active noncrystalline Fe and aluminum (Al) oxides (Feox, Alox), oxalate extractable P (Pox), P sorption capacity (PSC), and the degree of P saturation (DPS) of Fe‐enriched concretions from agricultural imperfectly drained soils in central Greece were determined using the acid ammonium oxalate method. The concretions contain 13 times as much Feox, twice as much Alox, and almost 15 times as much Pox than the surrounding soil matrix. Pox accounted for 50–80% of total P of the soil concretions, indicating strong accumulation of noncrystalline P components (Al‐ and Fe‐P). The PSC, expressed as a 0.5 (Alox+Feox), ranged from 184.7 to 314 mmol kg?1, demonstrating the strong affinity of the Fe‐enriched concretions for P. The DPS, which represents the fraction of concretion sorbent surface coverage by P, was computed as 100 (Pox/PSC) with values ranging from 6 to 13% (mean=8%). The results of this study indicate that the Fe‐enriched concretions, due to their high noncrystalline Fe and Al oxides content, act as major sink of phosphate, controlling the location, mobility, and dynamics of P in agricultural soils with restrictive drainage. 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):1215-1230
Abstract Surface horizons from Podzolic and Gleysolic soils were collected in various parts of the province of Quebec, Canada, and equilibrated with various amounts of KH2PO4 in 0.01 M CaCl2 for 48 hours. P sorption data conformed to the linear form of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. P solubility isotherms showed evidence of hydroxyapatite formation in most samples studied, whereas equilibration solutions of only few samples were saturated with respect to either dicalcium phoshate dihydrate or octocalcium phosphate. These reaction products were associated to soil pH and levels of added phosphate. The average values of the Langmuir sorption maximum for these studied Gleysolic and Podzolic samples were 763 and 1096 μg/g respectively. These values were higher than those obtained by the segmented and modified Freundlich models. Relationships between the soil characteristics and P sorption parameters were evaluated by regression analysis. Among all variables, oxalate‐extractable Fe plus Al content of the Podzolic samples and the ratio of oxalate—extractable Al to clay of the Gleysolic samples gave the best significant correlation coefficients. Furthermore, soil pH and various ratios such as pyrophosphate‐extractable Fe and Al, oxalate‐extractable Fe and organic matter to clay were found to be significantly correlated only with the P sorption parameters of the Gleysolic samples. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):299-313
Abstract Surface soils from ten soil series representing five great groups were collected from Alaska. These soils were selected from the important agricultural areas covering a wide geographic distribution. These soils can be divided into two distinct groups based on their parent material: loess and volcanic ash. Phosphorus sorption maxima were calculated based on the Langmuir isotherms. The volcanic ash soils (Cryandept and Cryorthods) showed an average P‐sorption maxima of 10,122 mg/kg and loess soils averaged 3,934 mg/kg. Both groups have similar portions of phosphorus in the organic form (19%) and occluded form (8 to 9%). The nonoccluded‐P in the volcanic ash soils and the loess soils was 68% and 43% respectively, and the Calcium‐P was 4% and 29% respectively. Regression analysis indicated that aluminum and iron are primarily responsible for P‐sorption. The dithionite extractable Al is responsible for P‐sorption in volcanic ash soils, while oxalate extractable Al is responsible for P‐sorption in loess soils. Dithionite and oxalate extractable Fe probably play a secondary role in P‐sorption. The sorption isotherm, regression analysis and the P‐fractionation data provide the agronomist with useful information to estimate P requirement of newly cleared soils. 相似文献
16.
The sorption of inorganic phosphate (P) by soils and hydrous ferric oxides was studied at times up to 192h. An initially rapid decrease in solution P concentration was followed by a much slower decrease between 48 and 192h with soils, Fe gel. and natural goethite, whereas synthetic goethite gave a well-defined equilibrium condition after only 48h. Resolution of the sorption isotherms showed that the increase in P sorption with time involved an appreciable shift of P from a more-physically sorbed form to a chemisorbed form. This was supported by chemical fractionation which showed that NaOH-extractable P was fairly constant with increasing sorption time, whereas the additional sorbed P was extracted by citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate from soils, and by HC1 from Fe gel and natural goethite. These sorbents contained short-range (amorphous) material, whereas synthetic goethite, from which all sorbed P was NaOH –extractable. did not. It is proposed that the time-dependent sorption of P and the associated shift of P to chemisorbed forms, involves the diffusion of P into “structurally porous”, short-range order material. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5-6):625-634
Abstract The release of soil phosphorus (P) to solution has been described by extraction of soil with iron (Fe)‐oxide coated paper strips. Little information is available, however, on where this P is coming from. The effect of removal of reversibly adsorbed soil P on the distribution of inorganic P forms was investigated for 12 Italian soils. Phosphate was removed from these soils by Fe‐oxide strips after incubation with P (0 and 100 mg P kg‐1) for 90 days. With no applied P, 3 to 17% of the total soil active P [saloid‐P, aluminum‐phosphate (Al‐P), iron‐phosphate (Fe‐P), and calcium‐phosphate (Ca‐P) was removed by the Fe‐oxide strips. The change in strip‐P following P addition (100 mg kg‐1 soil), ranged from 12.9 to 53.5 mg P kg‐1, with P coming almost entirely from the active P fractions. A close relationship between the changes in desorbed strip‐P after P equilibration and soil P sorption index (SI) was found for the studied soils (r2=0.96). Thus, the release of soil P for plant uptake or transport in runoff was a function of the amount of “actively”; sorbed P and an estimate of P sorption. 相似文献
18.
The effect of soil type on phosphorus sorption capacity and desorption dynamics in Irish grassland soils 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Abstract. The phosphorus (P) sorption and desorption dynamics of eleven major agricultural grassland soil types in Ireland were examined using laboratory techniques, so that soils vulnerable to P loss might be identified. Desorption of P from soil using the iron-oxide paper strip test (Pfeo), water extractable P (Pw) and calcium chloride extractable P (Pcacl2 ) depended on soil P status in all soils. However, soil types with high organic matter levels (OM), namely peat soils (%OM >30), had lower Pfeo and Pw but higher Pcacl2 values compared to mineral soils at similar soil test P levels. Phosphorus sorption capacity remaining (PSCr) was measured using a single addition of P to soils and used to calculate total P sorption capacities (PSCt) and degree of P saturation (DPS). Phosphorus sorption capacities correlated negatively with % OM in soils indicating that OM may inhibit P sorption from solution to soil. High organic matter soils exhibited low P sorption capacities and poor P reserves (total P, oxalate extractable P) compared to mineral soils. Low P sorption capacities (PSCt) in peat soils were attributed to OM, which blocked or eliminated sorption sites with organic acids, therefore, P remained in the soil solution phase (Pcacl2 ). In this work, peat and high organic matter soils exhibited P sorption and desorption characteristics which suggest that these soils may not be suitable for heavy applications of manure or fertilizer P owing to their low capacities for P sorption and storage. 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):559-569
Abstract Two single value methods of indexing P sorption were compared to parameters derived from P adsorption isotherms in a range of waterlogged and dry rice soils. These measures of P sorption capacity correlated closely with one another. However, they did not correlate equally with several other soil properties (pH, extractable Fe and Al). Because relationships between P sorption and soil properties proved to be method dependent, results from different methods must be compared with caution. It is suggested that the single value method of Bache and Williams2 be adopted when the rapid analyses of many samples is required. It is suited to routine analysis of soils with markedly different P sorption capacities, from both waterlogged and dry conditions. Close correlations between the single value methods and P sorbed at a standard supernatant concentration suggest they may be useful in testing soils for P fertilizer requirements. 相似文献