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1.
Tuta absoluta is a pest from South America which has been detected in many European and Mediterranean countries since 2006. It was identified in Corsica and the South of France in late 2008, and by 2010 this Lepidopteran species had spread to further tomato‐production areas. The pest is present mainly on tomatoes in protected and field crops, and damage on leaves and fruit can be so severe that it can lead to total destruction of the plant. Since 2010, studies have been carried out in experimental insect‐proof glasshouses with artificial infestations of the pest. The objective was to gain better knowledge of this emergent pest and to develop adapted control strategies under the conditions of the South‐East of France. Integrated pest management is widely used on tomato crops in France, and the predator Macrolophus pygmaeus and the parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae were studied, alone and in combination. The possible effect of the concurrent prey Trialeurodes vaporariorum on the impact of the predator on T. absoluta was also studied. The best results were obtained when the two beneficials were released in combination, even in the presence of whiteflies T. vaporariorum. 相似文献
2.
Since its recent introduction into the Mediterranean area, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) has become widespread and an important pest throughout the region, including in Tuscany, where it was first recorded in 2009. Although several studies have been conducted within controlled environments on the ecology and management of T. absoluta, limited information is currently available on the importance of this pest in open‐field cultivations, which may lead to ineffective management strategies. This study was carried out to monitor fluctuations in adult populations of T. absoluta in organic and conventional cultivations of processing tomatoes using pheromone lures, and to collect inter‐annual data on direct yield loss and fruit damage from larval feeding in two separate trials in Grosseto (Tuscany). The first trial included eight conventionally managed fields; the second trial was carried out in four organically managed fields. Results show relatively higher crop damage for tomatoes transplanted later in the season and harvested towards the end of August to early September, and limited fruit damage from this pest during the second year of the study for both conventional and organically managed fields. Finally, biological and chemical pest management strategies for the control of T. absoluta adopted by farmers within the region are reviewed and discussed. 相似文献
3.
番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta源自南美洲,是一种具有恶性入侵性、暴发性和毁灭性的害虫。该害虫自2017年入侵我国新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州,目前已在我国云南、贵州和四川等近20个省（区）相继发生,对番茄等茄科类作物造成严重威胁,亟需开展害虫综合治理研究与田间应用。该文基于土壤-作物-害虫-天敌互作系统中上行效应与下行效应的生态学原理,综述土壤氮素、根际微生物、作物抗性、作物和非作物多样性以及天敌昆虫在番茄潜叶蛾种群控制中的作用,对番茄潜叶蛾综合防控进行展望。 相似文献
4.
S. Ugurlu Karaagac 《EPPO Bulletin》2012,42(2):333-336
Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in Turkey, with national production of over 10 million tonnes in 2010. Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is an important pest of tomato, and was first recorded in Urla District of Izmir Province in the Aegean region of Turkey in August 2009. It has since spread rapidly to the other regions of Turkey and become the main pest of tomato. Since its dispersal, chemical control has been the main method of control. Intensive use of insecticides has led to the development of resistance in T. absoluta. In this study, the baseline toxicity (LC50 values) of some insecticides was determined using a leaf‐dip bioassay method in Antalya and Ankara populations of T. absoluta. 相似文献
5.
Since its detection in the Mediterranean basin at the end of 2006 and later in other European countries, the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), has become a serious threat to tomato crops. In newly infested areas, it is especially problematic during the first years of its presence. Nevertheless, after 2–3 years, the incidence of T. absoluta has become less severe in certain areas. There are several factors contributing to this decline, such as the increase in growers' knowledge of pest behaviour and biology and the correct application of integrated pest control strategies. The impact of opportunistic native natural enemies (fortuitous biological control) should be considered as one of the key factors in this decline. In this review, available information on indigenous natural enemies is updated, and the current pest management approaches used against T. absoluta are addressed. Finally, future scenarios for biological control of this pest are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
6.
Maritza Reyes Karen RochaLucía Alarcón Myriam SiegwartBenoît Sauphanor 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(1):45-50
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) resistance to insecticides has become a significant problem in many tomato production areas in South America. New insecticides are now available for the management of this pest (i.e. spinosad), however there is scarce information about their efficacy on field populations.With the aim of determining the susceptibility of T. absoluta to spinosad we evaluated the response of second instar larvae, from five field populations (Azapa 1, Azapa 2, Lluta, Colín and Valdivia) and a laboratory reference strain (S), to a diagnostic concentration of the insecticide. We also determined the activity of the detoxifying enzymes mixed-function oxidases (MFO), glutathione-S-transferases (GST) and esterases (EST) in the same larval stage. Larval mortality in field populations was significantly lower in Azapa 1 (50.0%), Azapa 2 (44.9%), Lluta (39.9%) and Colín (53.5%) when compared to the laboratory strain (91.7%). MFO activities in field populations were between 1.8 and 4.6 times higher than those observed in the S strain, while for EST, the ratio varied from 1.7 to 14.7. The lowest ratios were observed for the GST (0.5-2.7), however, significant differences were detected for the three enzyme systems. We conclude that the evaluated mechanisms would be involved in spinosad resistance of populations of T. absoluta, presenting an increased MFO activity in all populations. 相似文献
7.
BACKGROUND: Tropical plants are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that can be used for pest control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of compounds present in Acmella oleracea (Asteracea) against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), which is the main pest of tomato crops in Latin America. The selectivity of these compounds to the predator Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and to the pollinator Tetragonisca angustula (Latr.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae) was also of interest. RESULTS: A bioassay screening with hexane and ethanol extracts from 23 plants was performed. The hexane extract of A. oleraceae was the most active of the extracts and was selected for further study. The following three alkamides were isolated from a hexane extract of the aerial parts of A. oleracea : spilanthol, (E)‐N‐isobutylundeca‐2‐en‐8,10‐diynamide and (R, E)‐N‐(2‐methylbutyl)undeca‐2‐en‐8,10‐diynamide. All of the isolated compounds showed insecticidal activity, with spilanthol being the most active (LD50 = 0.13 µg mg?1) against T. absoluta . The alkamides were selective to both beneficial species studied. CONCLUSION: The crude hexane extract of A. oleraceae showed high insecticidal activity and can be used to control T. absoluta in organic or conventional crops. Quantification of LD50 values of isolated compounds against T. absoluta showed that alkamides could serve as potent insecticides for T. absoluta control programmes. Spilanthol was the main alkamide active isolated. This alkamide is the most promising as it has the highest insecticidal activity and is selective to non‐target organisms. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
8.
BACKGROUND: The tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta Povolny) has rapidly colonised the whole Mediterranean and South‐Atlantic coasts of Spain, and it has become a key problem in both outdoor and greenhouse crops. New control methods compatible with biological control are required, and mating disruption appears to be a perfect method in current agriculture, as it is an environmentally friendly and residue‐free technique. IPM packages tested have included the use of pheromones to detect populations, but there has not been much previous research on mating disruption of T. absoluta. In this work, pheromone doses varying from 10 to 40 g ha?1, emitted at a constant rate over 4 months, were tested in greenhouses with different levels of containment in order to evaluate the efficacy of mating disruption on T. absoluta. RESULTS: Trials on containment level revealed that the flight of T. absoluta was satisfactorily disrupted with an initial pheromone dose of 30 g ha?1, and levels of damage did not significantly differ from those in reference plots with insecticide treatments. Later efficacy trials confirmed previous experiences, and release studies showed that control of damage and flight disruption were taking place when releasing at least 85 mg pheromone per ha per day. CONCLUSION: Effective control using pheromone application against T. absoluta can be achieved, in greenhouses with high containment levels, for 4 months, with initial doses of 30 g ha?1. Further research must be conducted in order to evaluate the prospect of outdoor application of mating disruption systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
9.
The tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has been a recognized pest in South America since the 1960s, quickly spreading to the major tomato‐producing countries in the region. A series of studies regarding this pest's biology, ecology and management were conducted to contain tomato losses within acceptable levels. Although cultural control methods were attempted against T. absoluta, as were the development of resistant tomato varieties and the use of pheromones and natural enemies, insecticides are still the main control method used. The sex pheromone of T. absoluta was identified, confirmed and synthesized in the late 1990s and it is currently used for detection and monitoring of this species, but improved sampling plans are still necessary for its use in decision‐making regarding insecticide use. Insecticide use has shifted from earlier reliance on organophosphates, pyrethroids, cartap and abamectin to insect growth regulators and, more recently, to novel insecticides. Unfortunately, the overreliance on insecticide use led to problems with insecticide resistance in the region, which is a current matter of concern not only in South America, but also elsewhere since introduced strains may carry insecticide‐resistance genes at high frequency even without local selection in the site of introduction. 相似文献
10.
An experimental trial of integrated pest management against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) based on mass trapping with a density of 32 traps per hectare was conducted in a 5 ha open‐field tomato crop. During this trial, the efficiency of three brands of sex pheromone dispenser commercialized in Tunisia was tested. The ‘superdosed’ pheromone lure type TUA‐Optima® (Russell IPM, Deeside, Flintshire, CH5 2LA, United Kingdom) loaded with 0.8 mg of synthetic pheromone was more attractive to males of T. absoluta, and these lures should be used with high populations. Standard lures Pherodis® and TUA‐500® containing 0.5 mg of pheromone were less attractive, and can be used in open‐field tomato crops with lower populations of T. absoluta. An assessment of the susceptibility of crop borders to T. absoluta, based on data collected from traps, revealed that levels of adult T. absoluta were similar between borders with either tomato or cereal crops. Particular attention should thus be paid to crop borders even when not adjacent to other tomato crops. 相似文献
11.
世界性害虫番茄潜麦蛾入侵我国的风险分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为评估原产于南美洲的世界性毁灭害虫——番茄潜麦蛾Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)入侵我国的可能性和风险,应用有害生物风险分析方法对其进行风险评估,即对番茄潜麦蛾的不同入侵阶段风险进行定性分析,并应用多指标综合评价方法,从其国内外的发生现状、潜在的经济危害性、受害作物的经济重要性、入侵我国的可能性以及风险管理的难度等方面进行入侵风险的半定量分析。结果表明,番茄潜麦蛾虽然目前在我国还没有分布,但在我国大部分番茄产区都可以存活和定殖,是一种具有高度潜在威胁的有害生物;其入侵我国的风险评估值R为2.64,属于极高风险性农业有害生物。故此建议将其增补列入《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》,在新疆、云南、广西等边境省区开展预防性监测,并加强对该种害虫的检验检疫力度,严防其传入我国。 相似文献
12.
The tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), was first recorded in Turkey in August 2009 and rapidly became a serious pest in the Mediterranean and Aegean coastal regions in field and greenhouse grown tomatoes. Currently, insecticides are considered one of the major tools for the management of T. absoluta in Turkey. This study, investigated the efficacy of 7 different insecticides, against T. absoluta in laboratory bioassays. To determine the lethal concentration (LC) values and feeding activity of the larvae, tomato leaf parts mined by 1–3 day old L1 larvae were dipped into different insecticide concentrations. Mortality was recorded 5 days after insecticide treatments. Spinosad, chlorantraniliprole + abamectin or indoxacarb treatment resulted in 100% mortality with minimal or no feeding in all populations at their recommended doses of 120, 50.4 and 60 mg a.s. L?1, respectively. In general, the LC99 values of populations for these insecticides were similar and also lower than that of the recommended field doses. The effect of pyridalyl was low, resulting in low mortality with serious feeding damage at the dose of 125 mg a.s. L?1. The efficacies of abamectin, metaflumizone and azadirachtin were found to be moderate to low at the recommended doses (4.5, 240 and 50 mg a.s. L?1, respectively). However, these insecticides may affect pupation and adult emergence rates hence further studies are recommended to investigate these insecticides. 相似文献
13.
BACKGROUND
Host plant resistance plays an important role in integrated pest management programs. Crop resistance assessments commonly focus on only a single dependent variable, such as larval survival/plant damage, which limits the ability to appreciate the impact of host plants on pest populations in the full sense. Therefore, we performed life-table analyses for tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta, on 19 Solanum lycopersicum genotypes and a wild Solanum habrochaites accession. These analyses assess the ability of the pest to attain a high population density on different tomato genotypes. Based on the resulting ranking of tomato resistance at the vegetative stage (45-day-old plants), we tested the resistance of six selected genotypes at the reproductive stage (4-month-old plants).RESULTS
T. absoluta performance was significantly inferior on vegetative-stage S. habrochaites plants (LA 1777); time taken for the first instars to mine the leaves (5 ± 0.14 days), development time of early- and late-stage larvae (8.8 ± 0.2 and 4.2 ± 0.2 days, respectively), pupal period (11.2 ± 0.58 days), and total developmental time (29.4 ± 0.83 days) were significantly longer, fecundity was significantly lower (18.66 ± 7.24 days), and the highest total mortality (63.33%) also recorded compared with other genotypes, resulting in the lowest net reproductive rate (R0) (11.20 ± 2.51). For the six selected genotypes, the ranking of plant resistance did not change between plants at the vegetative and reproductive stages.CONCLUSION
This study suggested that of 20 screened tomato genotypes, LA 1777 and EC-620343 are the least suitable hosts for T. absoluta to establish fast-growing populations, and thus can be employed in integrated T. absoluta management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献14.
The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was first identified in the region of Akkouda in October 2008 before it spread to all tomato‐producing areas in Tunisia. The introduction of this pest disturbed existing pest control programmes in greenhouses and open fields, forcing Tunisian growers to use more chemicals to reduce its impact on their crops. A national programme was adopted to control T. absoluta, including cultural practices, the use of pheromones, the installation of insect‐proof screens in greenhouses, and the use of organic insecticides including Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki (Bt) and plant extract‐based products. In addition, a few experiments in biological control, using the predatory Mirid Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae) and the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), were conducted in greenhouses and open‐field crops (producing tomatoes for fresh consumption as well as for processing). This paper describes the status of T. absoluta in Tunisia, including data collected from sex pheromone traps installed in six tomato‐producing areas (Takelssa, Korba, Teboulba, Bekalta, Sousse and Kairouan) between 2009 and 2011, and control strategies in greenhouses and open fields. 相似文献
15.
An outbreak of larvae and adults of a devastating moth was noted to be causing severe damage in tomato grown in greenhouses at Khartoum State, Sudan during June 2010. Symptoms included foliage mining and leaves drying. Photographs of symptoms and larvae and adults of the pest (and subsequently specimens) were sent to Russell IPM, UK and the Finnish Museum of Natural History for identification. The pest was identified as Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). This is the first official record of T. absoluta in Sudan, based on surveys in tomato production areas in Khartoum, Gezira, Red Sea and North Kordofan States and eggplant and potato in Khartoum State. Severe yield loss due to the serious feeding damage on foliage and fruits infestation was reported on tomato and eggplant fields at Khartoum State. 相似文献
16.
L. Ndayizeye O. Manirakiza D. Ntashavu L. Ndayikeza D. Mbarushimana 《EPPO Bulletin》2019,49(2):388-390
This study to detect Tuta absoluta was carried out at four sites in western Burundi from March to July 2018. Delta traps containing Tutrack pheromone and sticky paper were installed in tomato fields at 40 cm from the ground. Sample collection was carried out twice a week. The results confirmed the presence of T. absoluta in Burundi. Effective pest control is required to avoid heavy losses on tomato production. 相似文献
17.
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is an invasive pest of tomato native to South America, where it is responsible for extensive damage. It rapidly spread into several European countries, becoming a key pest. Knowledge of its main biological traits can be used to develop effective plant protection management strategies. It is a multivoltine species with a homodynamous behaviour, and the length of its life cycle depends on environmental conditions, particularly temperature. The larvae feed and develop inside tomato leaves, stems and fruits throughout the entire growing cycle. The adults have crepuscular habits, and in Mediterranean conditions they can be easily detected throughout the year. Damage is directly related to the reduction of plants' photosynthetic capacity and of production levels in both protected and open‐field tomato crops; indirect damage can be also caused by secondary infections, with pathogens developing on the infested plant and fruit tissues. 相似文献
18.
In Iran, the tomato growing area is about 150 000 ha, mostly located in the south of the country. The Iranian Plant Protection Organization and inspection service in Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP) prepared a monitoring program for this pest in 2009 and 2010. A technical guideline was issued and distributed among PPO inspectors. For the first time in November 2010, samples were collected by Uromiyeh PPO on tomato from Uromiyeh in Azarbaijan province in North West Iran. The specimens found in these samples were identified as Tuta absoluta. Three months later in January 2011, pheromone traps were placed in tomato growing areas in Borazjan, Busher province, to detect and monitor this pest. T. absoluta was identified, based on adult morphology and on male genitalia from moths collected in 5 of these traps during January 2011. More pheromone traps were put into place covering the entire tomato growing area throughout the country. As of June 2011, the pest was detected in 24 different locations. This is the first report of T. absoluta in Iran. T. absoluta is a very serious pest for tomato, and an outbreak of this pest is expected during the crop cycle in autumn and winter 2011–2012 in the south of Iran. Thus, based on experiences in other countries an IPM program according to available tools and materials was developed. 相似文献
19.
Juliana Gómez-Valderrama Lorena Herrera Daniel Uribe-Vélez Miguel López-Ferber Laura Villamizar 《国际虫害防治杂志》2014,60(2):136-143
The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta is an important insect pest of tomato crops worldwide. Biological control using entomopathogenic viruses such as isolates of Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (PhopGV) can be a promising tool for suitably controlling this pest. However to date, few viral isolates from T. absoluta have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an economic, fast and accurate immunological technique for granulovirus detection and to evaluate viral presence in T. absoluta larvae from field samples collected in Colombia. Polyclonal antibodies against PhopGV were produced by using hens and rabbits. The production system in hen was selected as the most efficient and simple method. Then, a dot-blot test was developed, demonstrating the ability of antibodies to recognize granulovirus. Finally, granulovirus presence in 1186 T. absoluta larvae collected in the most important tomato production areas in Colombia was evaluated, and eight isolates were found in Boyacá and Cundinamarca (0.7% of occurrence). These results constitute the first report of a granulovirus isolated from T. absoluta larvae which had been naturally infected in Colombia's tomato producing-fields, and thereby validates the use of the immunological technique to detect granulovirus in field conditions. 相似文献
20.
Following the appearance of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Algeria the agricultural and scientific sectors have undertaken research work aiming to control this pest using a variety of methods. This paper focuses on the biology of T. absoluta and of its predator Nesidiocoris tenuis and on an inventory of the natural enemies of T. absoluta in the region of Mostaganem. The life cycle of T. absoluta is 21.1 ± 0.4 days at 26 ± 1.6°C, RH 87 ± 6.4% and 29.4 ± 2 days to 23.4 ± 2°C, RH of 75 ± 3%. N. tenuis had a life cycle of 17.1 ± 0.5 days at 26 ± 1.6°C, and a longevity of adults of 16 ± 1.6 days for individuals fed with larvae of T. absoluta and 9 ± 2.2 days for those not fed. The inventory revealed the presence of three species of predators of T. absoluta: Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter, Macrolophus pygmaeus ‘caliginosus’ Wagner and Dicyphus errans Wolff, and six parasitoids: Necremnus artynes Walker, Neochrysocharis sp., Sympiesis sp., Diglyphus isaea Walker, a Braconidae and Ichneumonidae paarasitoid. Necremnus artynes was the most frequent and most abundant parasitoid. 相似文献