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1.
参照近源物种线粒体基因组序列设计引物15对,用PCR产物直接测序法测得绿头鸭线粒体基因组全序列,初步分析其基因组特点和各基因的定位。结果显示:绿头鸭线粒体基因组全长16606bp,共有13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码控制区(D-loop),其组成和排列顺序与已知雁形目鸟类相似。基于GenBank已有D-loop区序列,用N-J法构建河鸭类系统进化树。结果表明:河鸭类分为3个进化枝。其中,家鸭、绿头鸭及斑嘴鸭构成一枝 ,初步推断我国家鸭起源于绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭,或是绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭的杂交后代。  相似文献   

2.
运用PCR法扩增湛江沿海海域7种龙虾的线粒体COⅠ和Cytb基因并对其序列进行分析,以分析7种龙虾的分子系统关系。从7种龙虾中扩增到的COⅠ基因片段长度均为650bp,共存在224个核苷酸位点变异,变异率为35.22%,简约信息位点161个;扩增到的Cytb基因片段长度均为536bp,共存在148个核苷酸位点变异,变异率为29.48%,简约信息位点66个。所有的扩增序列中,没有发现碱基的缺失以及插入,序列中的转换大于颠换,且碱基替换多发生于密码子的第3位。以帝加洛真龙虾(Palinurus delagoae)、普通真龙虾(Palinurus elephas)、吉氏真龙虾(Palinurus gilchristi)为外群,对COⅠ和Cytb两个基因序列采用最大简约法(maximum parsimony,MP)和贝叶斯推论法(bayesian inference,BI)构建龙虾类分子系统树。结果显示:日本龙虾和密毛龙虾亲缘关系比较近,而其它5种龙虾与真龙虾属的3种关系较近,与传统的分类存在一定分歧。  相似文献   

3.
鲤鱼品系的部分线粒体序列的遗传变异   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
运用PCR测序法,以9个我国常见鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)养殖品种和2个野生群体为研究材料,分析线粒体DNA的16S rRNA、Cyt b和D-loop序列片段,用于分析的序列共有1 457 个位点,其中变异位点32个,简约信息位点21个,共有单倍型16个。分别利用以上3个基因片段以及合并后的序列, 构建NJ和MP进化树。由不同方法获得相似的进化树,由不同基因片段得到的进化树均为两支,其中贝尔湖野鲤(BE)单独成支,其它群体聚为1支,只是由D-loop得到的进化关系更为详细,而由合并后的序列构建的进化树也与利用不同基因序列所得到的进化树并不矛盾。各品系间的分化时间约为3.03×104~1.21×105年前。根据序列的特征,16S rRNA的1个变异位点、Cyt b基因的4个变异位点和D-loop的14个变异位点可以作为鉴定不同的养殖品系和野生群体的SNP,证明mtDNA序列分析可以应用于品系的鉴定。  相似文献   

4.
家蚕线粒体基因组全序列测定与分析   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
家蚕(Bombyx mori)线粒体基因组全序列为15664bp,AT含量较高,为81.3%,包括13个蛋白质编码基因,2个rRNA基因,22个tRNA基因 一段498bp的A+T富集区域。与其它10种节肢动物线粒体基因组全序列相比,家蚕与果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)在核苷酸组成,编码偏好性,以及氨基酸组成上较相近,只是在基因排列上,tRNA^Met的位置发生了重排,在家蚕线粒体基因组中,tRNA^Met位于A+T富集区与tRNA^Ile之间,而在果蝇中,其位于tRNA^Tln与ND2基因之间。  相似文献   

5.
线粒体基因组(mitochondrial genome,mt DNA)具有进化速率快、多态性丰富、无重组、母系遗传等特点,是开展群体遗传学、系统发育学、分子生态学、分类学等研究的理想分子标记。本研究根据鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)同属近缘物种豆雁(Anser fabalis)线粒体全基因组序列(EU009397.1)设计引物,采用直接测序技术对鸿雁线粒体基因组全序列进行了综合分析,结果显示,鸿雁线粒体基因组序列(Gen Bank登录号:KJ124555)全长16 739 bp,包含22个t RNA、2个r RNA基因、13种蛋白质编码基因和一个D-loop区。碱基组成T占22.49%,C占32.24%,A占30.21%,G占15.06%,无明显的AT偏好性。22种t RNA都为典型的三叶草结构,参照原鸡(Gallus gallus)、黑尾地鸦(Podoces hendersoni)的12Sr RNA,对鸿雁12Sr RNA的二级结构进行了预测,含有4个结构域、37个茎环和13个突出部。对D-loop控制区序列分析发现,含有LSP/HSP、ETAS1-2、Goose hairpin、E-box、F-box、D-box、C-box、Bird similarity-box、CSB1-box、CSB-like和OH。以原鸡作为外群,采用邻接法(N-J)和最大拟然法(ML)算法以及贝叶斯法,基于线粒体基因组全序列分别构建系统进化树,结果显示,鸿雁与灰雁(Anser anser)、豆雁(Anser fabalis)、白额雁(Anser albifrons)和加拿大黑雁(Branta canadensis)处于一个分支,亲缘关系较近。该研究结果丰富了鸭科线粒体基因组全序列,为研究鸿雁的系统发生和分子进化研究以及种质资源保护和合理利用提供新的基础资料。  相似文献   

6.
十字花科植物LTP基因BcMF15同源序列克隆与进化分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
田爱梅  曹家树 《核农学报》2008,22(6):789-793
为获取LTP在物种间的演化和分类信息,并为验证该基因在花粉发育过程中的生物学功能提供前期证据,根据白菜雄性不育相关的LTP基因BcMF15全长序列设计引物,运用PCR技术分别从十字花科6属10种材料中克隆了LTP基因BcMF15的同源序列。经比较分析表明,这些同源序列的相似性达80%以上,所推导的氨基酸序列相似性达53%以上,且两者种间差异分别为0~1.1%、0~4.0%,除’圆白’萝卜和其他属的差异较大外,属间差异分别是0.1%~23.4%、0.9%~5.0%。LTP基因的氨基酸序列在N端的跨膜疏水结构域高度保守,而在C端则存在一定程度的变异。这些结果表明该基因具有较好的保守性,可能在十字花科植物的花粉发育中行使重要的功能。由核酸序列构建的分子系统树可知,在亲缘进化关系上芸薹属与萝卜属较近,其他依次为荠菜属、拟南芥属和山芥属,而与诸葛菜属最远,可见在十字花科BcMF15序列差异属间较种间大。  相似文献   

7.
采用Long-PCR方法,克隆并测定了樟蚕(Eriogyna pyretorum)线粒体基因组全序列。樟蚕线粒体基因组全序列为15,327bp,基因组碱基组成为39.17%A,11.55%C,7.63%G,41.65%T,共有13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和1个AT富含区(A+T-rich区)。樟蚕线粒体基因组结构与鳞翅目其他昆虫相同。除cox1和cox2基因外,其他蛋白编码基因含有典型的ATN起始密码子;13个蛋白质编码基因中,有11个使用TAA作为终止密码子。预测了22个tRNA基因的二级结构,发现除trnS1(AGN)缺少DHU臂外,其他的tRNA具有典型的三叶草结构。  相似文献   

8.
根据甘蓝型油菜多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白(PGIP)基因PGIP3的全长序列设计引物,从普通白菜核隐性不育两用系‘Bajh97-01A/B'可育株中成功克隆了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白基因BcPGIP,对其DNA和cDNA全长序列进行分析,结果表明,该基因包含2个外显子和1个内含子,最大开放阅读框为996bp,编码331个氨基酸,共有10个LRR(Leucine-rich repeat,高氨酸富集)重复序列。将BcPGIP与其他植物的49个PGIPs蛋白进行同源序列比对后,发现PGIP蛋白特征序列非常保守。由重建的进化树可知,该基因与十字花科芸薹属的甘蓝型油菜的同源性最高。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,BcPGIP基因可能与花粉的发育相关。  相似文献   

9.
为了提供我国多刺蚁属(Polyrhachis)昆虫的分子系统学资料,我们对9种多刺蚁的mtDNA的Cytb部分序列进行测定和分析。在所得465个位点的序列中,变异位点152个,占32.7%,碱基T、C、A和G的平均含量分别为42.0%、19.6%、29.2%和9.2%,A+T平均含量71.2%。在氨基酸组成上,共编码155个氨基酸。碱基替换主要发生在密码子第三位点,转换频率大于颠换频率,转换主要发生在T与C之间,颠换主要发生在T与A。以弓背蚁属(Camponotus)的黄斑弓背蚁(C. albosparsus)和浅毛弓背蚁(C.albivillosus)为外群,用NJ、MP及贝叶斯推论法构建系统发育树。本研究结果与经典分类结果相符:在9种多刺蚁中,Myrmhopla亚属的双齿多刺蚁(P. dives)独立成为一支,分化较早,位于系统进化树的最底部,最早分化出来;而Myrma亚属的亚毛多刺蚁(P. subpilosa)、梅氏多刺蚁(P. illaudata)、警觉多刺蚁(P. vigilans)以及拟梅氏多刺蚁(P.proxima)聚合成一支,位于系统进化树的最顶端,它们的亲缘关系相近,属于较进化的类群。但是Polyrhachis亚属的叶形多刺蚁(P. lamellidens)和Cyrtomyrma亚属的结多刺蚁(P. rastellata)的进化关系仍需要进一步探讨。  相似文献   

10.
本实验以线粒体功能性蛋白基因alternative oxidase(AOX)作为研究对象,对隐孢子虫分离株进行扩增测序,用Clustal X1.81对扩增的序列与GenBank下载的相关序列进行比对,用Paup4.0程序中邻接法(neighbor-joining method,NJ)、最大简约法(Parsimony, MP)建树,同时用PUZZLE程序Version 4.1构建最大似然树(Maximum Likelihood, ML),以确定不同隐孢子虫分离株之间的进化关系,并与18SrRNA和HSP70基因构建的进化树作参照,进而评价AOX这一基因序列是否适合作为隐孢子虫基因分型和进化关系分析的基因座。结果:通过AOX构建的进化树将隐孢子虫分为两大类:C.baileyi和C.meleagridis关系更为密切两者处于一个分枝,C.hominis、C.suis、C.parvum牛基因型和C.parvum鼠基因型处于另一个分枝上。不同隐孢子虫之间的同源性介于91.8%~99.6%,能有效区分隐孢子虫不同基因型。因此,AOX基因序列也可作为隐孢子虫分离株种系发育的遗传标记。  相似文献   

11.
2007年6月,大连地区某水貂(Mustela vison)养殖场发生传染病一例,临床表现为眼分泌物增多,鼻镜干燥等症状,个别病例有死亡发生,采集发病水貂眼、鼻拭子和各组织脏器,通过细胞连续传代培养,分离到病毒1株,理化鉴定结果表明,该病毒对氯仿、乙醚和去氧胆酸钠有抵抗力;能耐受pH 3.0的酸性环境;50oc水浴1 h病毒不丧失感染能力;胰酶耐受性试验不敏感;病毒形态学观察,直径30~35 nm,无囊膜;核酸型鉴定为RNA病毒;核酸序列分析表明该片段与GenBank上收录的美国1980年分离到的水貂杯状病毒AF338405、AF338406和AF338407核甘酸及氨基酸序列的同源性最高,分别为99.3%~99.5%和95.4%~100%,最终鉴定为水貂杯状病毒(mink calicivirus,MCV).水貂杯状病毒在我国的分离尚属首次报道.  相似文献   

12.
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins.  相似文献   

13.
Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative.  相似文献   

14.
14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The competing ligand exchange method was used to investigate the competitive binding of Ni(II) by Al(III) and Fe(III) in model aqueous solutions and freshwaters. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry were used to monitor the rate of uptake of the Ni by Chelex 100 chelating resin and dimethylglyoxime as the competing ligands, respectively. The results have revealed that Ni(II)–humate complexes were more labile in presence of the mixture of Al(III) and Fe(III), compared to the lability of the Ni(II)–humate complexes when only one of the two, Al(III) or Fe(III), was present. The environmental significance of this work is that in model solutions simulating freshwater containing humic substances and the target trace metal Ni(II) and cations, Al(III) and Fe(III), the competitive binding of Ni(II), Al(III) and Fe(III) by humic substances makes Ni(II)–humate complexes labile, releasing free Ni2+–aqua complex, which reported to be toxic.  相似文献   

17.
Flowers of maize, Zea mays, and reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea, contain the same anthocyanins: cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-(6' '-malonylglucoside), cyanidin 3-(3' ',6' '-dimalonylglucoside), peonidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-(6' '-malonylglucoside), and peonidin 3-(dimalonylglucoside). The latter pigment has previously not been reported to occur in plants. Structure elucidations were primarily based on homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR and electrospray MS. During the isolation procedure using various mixtures of H(2)O, CF(3)CO(2)H, and CH(3)OH, and during storage in NMR solvent (CF(3)CO(2)D/CD(3)OD; 1:19, v/v) methyl esterification of the free acid function of the malonyl units of the pigments occurs. The acylated anthocyanins constitute more than 80% and 40% of the anthocyanins in P. arundinacea and Z. mays, respectively. Flowers and leaves of maize, Zea mays, contain the same anthocyanins in nearly equal relative proportions.  相似文献   

18.
周世伟  朱丽娜  贺京哲  徐明岗 《土壤》2017,49(3):492-499
采用批处理法研究了锑/磷(Sb/P)在膨润土和高岭土上的竞争吸附等温线和动力学,并考察了pH的影响。结果表明:Sb和P吸附符合Langmuir或Freundlich方程(R~2=0.945 0~0.998 3,P0.000 1),存在极强的竞争吸附:P共存时Sb吸附容量(Q_(max))显著降低,分别从0.86和10.21 mmol/kg(先Sb后P)降低到0.64和2.61 mmol/kg(先P后Sb);Sb共存时P吸附亲合性(K)明显降低,分别从1.47和7.47 L/mmol(先P后Sb)降低到0.68和2.34 L/mmol(先Sb后P)。Sb和P的吸附总体随pH升高而降低,但相比高岭土,膨润土上的吸附受pH影响更大,意味着高岭土有更多配位吸附、膨润土有更多电性吸附。准二级动力学方程很好地拟合它们的竞争吸附(R~20.994,P0.000 1),并且在Sb/P共存下,膨润土对P吸附弱而慢(q_e=0.36 mmol/kg,,k_2=0.064 6 kg/(mmol·min))、对Sb吸附虽弱但快(q_e=0.19 mmol/kg,k_2=0.076 9 kg/(mmol·min));高岭土对P吸附强更快(q_e=0.66 mmol/kg,k_2=0.591 kg/(mmol·min))、对Sb吸附虽强但慢[q_e=0.39 mmol/kg,k_2=0.052 4 kg/(mmol·min)]。因此,Sb对P吸附的抑制在膨润土上更明显(主要是静电吸附竞争),P对Sb吸附的抑制则在高岭土上更突出(主要是配位吸附竞争)。  相似文献   

19.
The efficiency of As(III) oxidation by MnO2, and retention of oxidation products varies with system pH. Maximum retention by hydrous Mn(IV) oxide occurs at pH < 5, declining at higher pH to about half total As at pH 10. The adsorption capacities of pyrolusite and cryptomelane at pH ~6.5 for As(V) species were 10 and 25 mmol kg?1, respectively. HMO surface saturation (~10 mmol kg?1) was reached with equilibrium As(V) levels of 5 to 8 × 10?6 M but this was supplemented at higher levels by an absorption process where uptake increased linearly with concentration (e.g., 68 mmol kg?1 with 2 × 10?5 M As(V)). Added As(III) was avidly oxidized and most product retained at pH 3. At higher pH increasing amounts of As(III) remained unoxidized due to initial reactions apparently blocking access to internal pores. Added Na+ reduced the amount of As retained by the HMO, with the phosphate salt having a significant effect. Extraction studies confirmed that most As could be released by exposure to reducing agents or chelating agents (EDTA). The environmental significance of the results has been considered.  相似文献   

20.
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