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1.
害虫病原真菌的研究方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
详细介绍了害虫病原真菌的研究方法，包括病死虫体的收集、处理、保存；病原真菌的分离、提纯；病原真菌致病性的试验、优良菌株的筛选；病原真菌的鉴定、复壮、贮藏等。 相似文献
2.
Summary Unbarked windthrown softwood timber was stored in water for about two years and during that time the protection effect against
storage decay has been tested at certain intervals. The moisture content of the seperately swimming logs did not change remarkably
in the interior of the stems, only from their ends some water has diffused into the wood. Apart from a small light red-brown
discolouration in consequence of the penetration of tannin from the bark into the wood, which has no economical effect, in
all these logs not any injuries caused by fungi, insects or cracks could be observed. When the logs are piled in more layers,
the stems of the upper layers dried faster and showed all the wellknown storage damages. Provided that timber is sawn soon
after the landing, water storage can be considered as an effective mean to prevent degradation during storage, but if sawing
is retarded, the wood will be attacked by insects and fungi as well as the stems stored in forests after felling.
相似文献
3.
为了研究苏鲁两省杨树木材变色、变色真菌和造成的损失,于2005—2010年分别对9个县市杨木加工厂进行了调查和定点观察。结果表明,在杨树砍伐后,在露天存放22～80天杨原木和单板存在不同程度边材变色,其变色程度与在露天存放时间有密切关系。春夏之交砍伐的杨木比冬季砍伐的杨木更易变色;3～5年生杨木比8—9年生杨木更易变色;剥皮杨木比带皮杨木更易变色;单板变色比原木更明显,致使单板的经济价值可降低25％～30％。鉴定出引起杨木变色的真菌有23属32种,其中危害最严重的变色菌主要有可可球二孢、交链孢、球孢枝孢。其中不高双孢菌、红紫球二孢、青琐龙孢球二孢在杨木上属于首次报道。 相似文献
4.
采用4种不同防霉剂(CCA/SMR、DDAC/IPBC、NCM/IPBC和NCM)对丛生竹梁山慈竹进行防霉处理,研究了防霉剂种类、防霉处理工艺对竹材防霉效果的影响,同时对3种防霉效果检测方法包括实验室培养皿法、野外遮荫法和野外暴露法进行了对比。研究结果表明,本试验条件下CCA/SMR和NCM防霉剂的防霉效果约为2个月,使用浓度分别为1.5%/0.3%和5.0%,可用于竹材贮存、运输、加工过程中的防霉;混合防霉剂DDAC/IPBC和NCM/IPBC的防霉效果更好,可考虑用于竹制品使用过程中的防霉;采用加压处理工艺的竹材,其防霉效果明显优于浸泡处理工艺;3种防霉效果测试方法得出的处理竹材的防霉结果基本一致,但测试的侧重点、针对的霉菌种类和环境影响因素有所不同。对于户外用竹制品防霉效果的测试,以野外暴露测试为主;室内用竹制品或竹材贮运过程中的防霉效果的测试,以实验室培养皿和野外遮荫法测试为主。 相似文献
5.
Md. Ahosan Habib Ador Romel Ahmed Rahela Khatun Md. Aliur Rahman Mohammed Masum Ul Haque 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(1):e12792
The study was carried out to identify wood-decay fungi, and quantify the diversity and host preferences of the fungi in major sawmill depots in north-eastern Bangladesh. A total of 23 fungal species belonging to 15 genera in seven families were recorded and identified. The Polyporaceae was the most dominant family, while Schizophyllum commune was the most abundant species among all species recorded. Other commonly observed fungal species were Daldinia concentrica, Trametes versicolor, Trametes coccinea and Flavodon flavus. The Simpson diversity index (0.93) and Shannon–Wiener index (2.90) showed a wide distribution of the wood-decay fungi in the study areas. The species diversity index (0.036), species evenness index (0.92) and species richness index (3.40) indicated a diverse distribution of the fungal species. Two-thirds of the identified fungal species showed significant preferences for their hosts. The host vulnerability was found to be significantly affected by storage facility, duration of storage, depot yard condition, treated or non-treated wood and shade facility. The findings of this work may help sawmill owners to utilize a scientific approach to management of logs and timber stored in depots, to minimize fungal decay before incurring any economic loss. 相似文献
6.
A diverse mycoflora was associated with slash-pine seeds from cones obtained at seed orchards and cone-processing facilities in the southeastern USA. Potentially pathogenic fungi, including Lasiodiplodia tbeobromae, Sphaeropsis sapinea, and Fusarium spp., were isolated from seeds of cones obtained at all locations. Fusarium proliferatum and F. semitectum were the Fusarium spp. most often associated with seeds; F. subglutinans was rarely isolated. Many other species of fungi were associated with seeds from all locations. Incidence of fungus-damaged seeds ranged from 2 to 11% among collection sites. Disease incidence was found to increase during cone storage. Types of fungi and the incidence of fungus-damaged seeds were similar for damaged/discoloured cones and apparently healthy cones. The potential for slash-pine seeds to become colonized by pathogenic fungi, such as S. sapinea and the various Fusarium spp., could have important implications for the establishment of these fungi in forest-tree nurseries, as well as their introduction into foreign countries. 相似文献
7.
We determined whether in vitro plant growth regulator production by mycorrhizal fungi is correlated with conifer seedling growth and root IAA concentrations. Container-grown seedlings of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.) were inoculated at seeding with ectomycorrhizal fungi having a high, moderate or low capacity to produce either IAA or ethylene in vitro. Inoculated seedlings were grown for one season in the nursery, harvested in December, cold stored over winter and then transplanted to either a nursery field or a forest site in the spring. Seedling morphology and endogenous IAA in roots were measured immediately after cold storage and again six and 12 months after transplanting. Morphological responses to inoculation varied among different mycorrhizal fungi. Free IAA concentration of roots was increased in some inoculation treatments for all conifer species. In seedlings transplanted to a nursery field, in vitro ethylene-producing capacity of the ectomycorrhizal fungi was highly correlated with more morphological features than in vitro IAA-producing capacity. Both IAA- and ethylene-producing capacity were significantly correlated with more morphological features in seedlings transplanted to a forest site than in seedings transplanted to a nursery field. One year after transplanting, only in vitro IAA-producing capacity was correlated with endogenous IAA concentration of roots of the inoculated seedlings. We conclude that growth responses of conifer seedlings can be partially influenced by IAA and ethylene produced by ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts. 相似文献
8.
Maija Kymäläinen Mikko Havimo Jarmo Louhelainen 《Wood material science & engineering》2014,9(3):170-178
AbstractPre-treating biomass by torrefaction is assumed to improve the material's storage properties because of reducing hydrophilicity. In order to assess the effect of sorption on storage properties, the adsorption of water vapour and capillary absorption of liquid water in torrefied and charred spruce and birch were studied. In addition, the chemical changes were evaluated through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Adsorption decreased notably as severity of treatment increased, as was expected due to degradation of the wood constituents, namely hemicelluloses and amorphous cellulose. Capillary absorption increased with increasing severity in spruce samples while birch showed less change, but the maximum volume for absorption increased with both species. FT-IR results showed an increase in aromatic structures that have a role in forming crystalline structures, possibly leading to increased porosity. Torrefied and charred material should not be stored outside, as liquid water absorbs readily into the material, turning it into a suitable substrate for fungi. 相似文献
9.
Eight biological control agents (BCAs; Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma polysporum, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Streptomyces griseoviridis), five disinfectants and a fungicide (Prochloras‐ManganTM) were evaluated for the control of harmful mycoflora on Ciboria batschiana‐infected English oak (Quercus robur) acorns during storage at ?1°C. All treatments were tested on both hot water‐treated (HW) and untreated acorns. HW‐treated acorns generally stored better than untreated acorns as a result of elimination of C. batschiana. The HW treatment increased the germination percentage before storage from 60 to 85%. Germination of HW‐treated acorns decreased from 85 to 40% after 16.5 months of storage, whereas germination of untreated acorns decreased from 60 to 20% after a similar time. Ciboria batschiana infection of untreated acorns increased from 14% before storage to 55% after 16 months of storage. All disinfectants and BCAs had a positive effect on viability and particularly on control of C. batschiana in untreated acorns. Best control of C. batschiana occurred with C. rosea, MycostopTM (S. griseoviridis), Binab TFTM (T. polysporum + T. harzianum), and P. chlororaphis. For HW‐treated acorns, there was only a small effect of BCAs on acorn viability while the fungicide and the disinfectants had no effect. Treatments also affected the saprophytic mycoflora with the HW treatment reducing the frequency of Cladosporium spp. and Papulaspora spp., but enhancing Alternaria spp., Mucoraceae and Penicillium spp. However, when combined with HW treatment, several BCAs significantly reduced the prevalence of these fungi. Also, C. rosea reduced the growth of Fusarium spp. Significant negative correlations (p < 0.001) were found between acorn germination and certain storage fungi such as Acremoniella atra, Cladosporium spp. and dematiaceous mycelia. 相似文献
10.
国外容器苗质量调控技术研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年来,由于造林重点由宜林地向困难立地转移,对苗木质量的要求也随之增高.文章系统总结近年来国外容器苗的质量调控技术及其对于我国困难立地植被恢复的重要意义,从指数施肥、秋季施肥、底部灌溉、短日照处理和夏季造林、修根技术、容器规格、冻藏和解冻等研究进展进行了论述总结.指数施肥的每次施肥量与植物生长节律和养分需求同步,施肥效果较优.秋季施肥能避免苗木的养分稀释效应,已被应用于很多树种.实施底部灌溉的植物生长不亚于上部灌溉的植物,而底部灌溉用水量少,氮肥淋溶小.夏季造林时,将正处于速生期的苗木进行短日照处理,诱导顶芽形成,促进根系发育,能提高苗木抗性和造林效果.苗木冻藏可使空气中自由态的水凝固成结晶态的冰,苗木感染病菌几率降低,因此冻藏成为针叶树种贮藏的标准方法.在当前研究热点的基础上,论文就未来研究方向进行展望. 相似文献
11.
丛枝菌根（AM）真菌和外生菌根（EM）真菌与约80%的维管植物可形成共生体,其共生体除了促进植物生长发育外,还具有调节凋落物和土壤有机质分解的重要生态功能。在AM和EM真菌主导的生态系统中,凋落物分解速率在不同的基质类型（AM树种凋落物、EM树种凋落物）、不同的分解阶段（早期阶段、后期阶段）和不同的环境条件（水分、温度等）下均存在显著差异。虽然部分菌根真菌缺乏腐生生物的直接作用于凋落物的能力,但它们通过其他方式影响分解。普遍认为,AM和EM真菌与腐生微生物的相互作用是影响分解速率的主要原因,二者互作机制主要表现为激发效应（向腐生微生物提供能量）和养分竞争效应（与腐生微生物竞争养分）。文中阐述AM和EM真菌对凋落物分解的影响及相关因素,剖析AM和EM真菌与腐生微生物分解凋落物的作用机制,旨在为全面分析AM和EM真菌在森林生态系统中的生态学功能提供参考。 相似文献
12.
小蠹虫伴生菌研究概况 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
小蠹虫伴生菌是在植物-小蠹虫-伴生菌系统中,削弱树木抗性、协助小蠹虫侵害的重要因子。伴生菌与小蠹虫的联系和相互适应是在长期协同进化中形成的。寄主树木对伴生菌的抗御作用主要是通过物理防御、化学防御进行的。而伴生菌对寄主树的侵害又常常是与小蠹虫协同作用的。因此,揭示伴生菌在小蠹虫相互生态联系,探讨伴生菌在植物-小蠹虫-伴生菌系统中所扮演的角色,对于防治小蠹虫危害、保护寄主树木具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
14.
R. G. Mafia P. C. Santos B. J. Demuner A. Massoquete R. C. Sartório 《Forest Pathology》2012,42(4):321-329
We evaluated the effect of wood decay, caused by fungi Hypoxylon spp., on pulp productivity and quality. Wood samples with different proportions of contamination (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) were used to produce Kraft pulp under the same pulping conditions. In the second step, cookings were performed to achieve the same Kappa number (Kn = 17 ± 1), varying only the alkali charge. Wood and pulp were also analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The risk of occurrence of wood decay reached its maximum between September and October, under inappropriate storage conditions and juvenile wood without bark. It was observed that the increase in the decayed content (DC) of wood chips affected the Kappa number (Kn), according to the model Kn = 1/(0.0595?0.00324*DC0.34102). An increase of 38.7% of alkali charge was necessary to reach the same Kappa number with decayed wood. The yield for the contaminated wood was lower (48%) when compared to non‐contaminated wood (53%). Once contaminated, the wood chips demand more severe cooking conditions because of the difficulty of impregnation. This condition affected the pulp quality, reducing its viscosity by 30% and hemicelluloses content by 5%. In addition, losses of resistance were also observed in the final pulp, where the zero span and tensile indexes were reduced by 5 and 16%, respectively. The SEM observations showed that the ascostroma fungi tissue was not totally degraded during the Kraft process, resulting in the deposition of pitch on fibres. Considering the results achieved, it was possible to conclude that the eucalyptus wood decay, caused by the fungi Hypoxylon spp., significantly affects the pulp process and quality. 相似文献
15.
木腐菌木质素分解酶活力的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对８种木腐菌，１３株菌株的木质素分解酶活力进行了初步研究，结果表明：１３株木腐菌菌株都具有程度不同的木质素分解酶活力，其中白腐菌的木质素分解酶活力高于褐腐菌，酶活力增长速度较快，高酶活力维持时间长。这些结果对于木材防腐研究及白腐菌综合利用的研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
16.
食用菌原料林的营造及其利用的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采取人工营造速生的木生食用菌适生树种,定向培育食用菌原料林,短期轮伐利用,使林菌生产有机地结合起来,实现以林养菌、以菌促林的良性循环,从根本上解决林菌之间的矛盾。 相似文献
17.
红树林真菌的生物多样性和生物工程应用潜力(英文) 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对现今红树林真菌研究的热点领域进行了综述,包括红树林真菌的生物多样性,生态作用,新颖的代谢产物和生物工程应用前景四个方面。首先,红树林真菌按照其生态作用被分为腐生,寄生和内生真菌。其中腐生真菌对于红树林生态系统的降解和能量循环方面起着重要的作用,另外,它们也会产生一些毒素:寄生真菌对于红树林的存活,长势和健康程度起着重要的作用;而内生真菌分布于大部分红树之中,所产的活性物质是红树林真菌中最丰富的。其次,虽然已有大量文献报道了红树林真菌可以产生很多新酶和具有’抑菌,杀虫及其它活性的物质,并且很多由内生真菌产生的活性物质被认为对红树起着重要作用,但只有少量研究对此提供了有力的证据,因此,本文对现今应用分子技术来将红树林真菌的生态作用与其代谢产物联系起来的进展进行了讨论。最后,本文还讨论了利用代谢工程和后基因组技术来生产大量新酶和活性物质并将其商业化应用的前景。 相似文献
18.
论攀西地区野生经济真菌生态习性及其与林业建设的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川省攀西地区自然条件优越，植被类型多样，林地资源充足，茵物资源丰富，有着发展经济真菌的优越条件，特别是近年来的林业工程建设为野生经济真菌的生产提供了基本物质基础，为其扩大生产创造了条件。文章列出了该地区常见的有重要经济价值的食药用真菌（分别归入22科、36属）及其生态习性，指出在林业工程建设中应对经济真菌生产给予足够的重视，并提出了相应的策略。 相似文献
19.
白桦木材变色生防菌的筛选研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
木材变色病原菌易引起木材变色,使木材发生降等。笔者采用从白桦原位土壤及自身组织分离纯化的方法,寻找对白桦变色病原菌具有拮抗作用的生防菌。经过改良5点对峙试验,筛选出对白桦木材变色5种病原菌具有拮抗作用的生防菌菌株共42株,其中x18及x26对5种病原菌都具有明显的拟制效果,菌落抑菌圈半径最大达2.1 cm。 相似文献