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1.
低温胁迫下不同果蔗品种光合及荧光特性的变化及耐寒性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以6个果蔗品种幼苗为试材,研究低温（0℃）胁迫对各品种叶片的叶绿素含量、气体交换参数及叶绿素荧光参数等指标的影响,利用隶属函数对果蔗品种的抗寒性进行综合评价。结果表明,随着低温胁迫时间的延长,‘桂果蔗1号’和‘拔地拉’的叶绿素（Chl）含量先上升后下降,其余4个果蔗品种幼苗叶片Chl含量持续下降;低温胁迫下,6个果蔗品种的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）显著下降,但胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、水分利用效率（WUE）和气孔限制值（Ls）却显著增加,说明光合作用的下降主要由非气孔因素引起;在叶绿素荧光参数方面,低温胁迫下6个果蔗品种的初始荧光（Fo）和非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）呈上升趋势,而PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光化学淬灭系数（q P）和PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)均显著下降,表明低温对PSⅡ反应中心的电子传递潜力产生明显的抑制。用隶属函数法综合评价抗寒性由强到弱依次为:‘桂果蔗1号’>‘拔地拉’>‘闽引黄皮果蔗’>‘白玉果蔗’>‘龙黑果蔗’>‘川蔗26号’。 相似文献
2.
《水稻科学》2017,(3)
In order to elucidate the role of antioxidant responses in salinity tolerance in rice genotypes under salt stress, experiments were conducted using four rice varieties, including salt-sensitive BRRI dhan 28 and three salt-tolerant varieties BRRI dhan 47, BINA dhan 8 and BINA dhan 10. Thirty-day-old rice seedlings were transplanted into pots. At the active tillering stage(35 d after transplanting), plants were exposed to different salinity levels(0, 20, 40 and 60 mmol/L NaCl). Salt stress caused a significant reduction in growth for all the rice genotypes. Growth reduction was higher in the salt-sensitive genotype than in the salt-tolerant ones, and BINA dhan 10 showed higher salt tolerance in all measured physiological parameters. The reduction in shoot and root biomass was found to be minimal in BINA dhan 10. Chlorophyll content significantly decreased under salt stress except for BINA dhan 10. Proline content significantly increased in salt-tolerant rice genotypes with increased salt concentration, and the highest proline content was obtained from BINA dhan 10 under salt stress. Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities significantly decreased in salt-sensitive genotype whereas significantly increased in salt-tolerant ones with increasing salt concentration. However, salt stress significantly decreased guaiacol peroxidase activity in all the rice genotypes irrespective of salt tolerance. K~+/Na~+ ratio also significantly decreased in shoots and roots of all the rice genotypes. The salt-tolerant genotype BINA dhan 10 maintained higher levels of chlorophyll and proline contents as well as catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities under salt stress, thus, this might be the underlying mechanism for salt tolerance. 相似文献
3.
NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐性水稻某些生理特性和光合特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取较耐盐的水稻品种‘HH11’、‘JX99’和盐敏感水稻品种‘YSXD’,设置6个土壤NaCl浓度处理(0、1、2、3、4 g/kg),在防雨棚下盆栽并培育至孕穗期,分析NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐性水稻生理生化及光合特性的影响,结果表明:(1)NaCl胁迫抑制水稻的生长,表现为随着NaCl浓度增加,水稻的株高逐渐降低,但在3～4 g/kg土壤含盐量下耐盐水稻的株高显著高于盐敏感水稻品种。(2)耐盐水稻和盐敏感水稻的可溶性总糖对NaCl胁迫的响应差异明显,在1～4 g/kg NaCl胁迫下,盐敏感水稻叶片可溶性总糖显著降低,但是耐盐水稻可溶性总糖大量合成并积累,并且显著高于盐敏感品种。(3)NaCl浓度增加迫使水稻叶片丙二醛不断积累,导致细胞膜透性逐渐增大,但是耐盐水稻丙二醛的积累量较少,细胞膜受盐害程度显著小于盐敏感水稻。(4)NaCl胁迫抑制了水稻光合速率,但不同的NaCl浓度下导致水稻品种光合速率下降的原因各有差异,其中在0～1 g/kg NaCl胁迫下盐敏感水稻光合速率降低是非气孔因素导致的,而在2～4 g/kg NaCl胁迫下是由气孔因素造成的;0～2g/kg盐浓度下耐盐水稻HH11的光合速率降低是非气孔因素导致的,3～4 g/kg盐浓度处理是由气孔因素导致的;气孔因素是0～4 g/kg盐处理耐盐水稻JX99的光合速率降低的主要原因。(5)盐胁迫下耐盐水稻的叶片蒸腾速率显著降低,并且显著低于盐敏感水稻,相反水分利用效率和气孔限制值却明显升高,并且显著高于盐敏感水稻品种,表明盐浓度增加迫使耐盐水稻气孔阻力增大,减少水分的流失,抑制了蒸腾速率,使耐盐水稻叶片保持较高的水势;同时提高了叶片水分利用效率,碳同化效率提高,以满足耐盐水稻正常代谢生理需求,进行正常生命活动。 相似文献
4.
缺钾胁迫对水稻光合特性及光合防御机制的影响 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
以钾敏感型品种二九丰和钾钝感型品种原丰早为材料,研究了缺钾对水稻光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响以及光合防御机制,并对缺钾条件下的光合防御机制进行了讨论。在缺钾条件下,两品种的净光合速率(Pn)随气孔导度(Gs)的下降而下降;光合作用的关键酶Rubisco含量降低,而抗氧化酶系统的关键酶SOD活性显著上升。进一步的叶绿素荧光特性研究表明,随着钾胁迫时间的延长,缺钾水稻叶片中的 Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ、qP及ETR均显著下降,说明PSⅡ反应中心受到伤害。缺钾也降低了水稻叶片的光饱和点,PSⅡ吸收的光能超过了光合作用所能利用的光能。缺钾叶片NPQ显著上升,说明钾胁迫下的水稻叶片通过启动热耗散机制耗散过剩的激发能,以减轻因PSⅡ吸收过多光能而引起的光抑制和光氧化从而保护光合机构免受伤害。从品种间的差异来看,原丰早在缺钾条件下,由于仍有较强的光合能力和抗光抑制能力,因此对缺钾有更强的耐性。 相似文献
5.
不同大豆品种幼苗叶片光合及叶绿素荧光 特性对套作遮荫的响应 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
选用4个耐荫性有差异的大豆品种为材料,通过与单作比较,研究了不同大豆品种幼苗叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性对套作遮荫的响应差异。结果表明,套作遮荫提高了大豆叶片叶绿素含量、总叶绿素与类胡萝卜素比值（Chl(a+b)/Car）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）、水分利用效率（WUE）、叶片初始荧光（Fo）、PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量（Fv′/Fm′）和实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）;使叶绿素a与叶绿素b比值（Chla/b）、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、气孔限制值（Ls）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）、光化学荧光猝灭系数（qP）、非光化学荧光猝灭（NPQ）呈减小趋势。套作遮荫降低了大豆地上部分干物质积累量,其干物质积累量与Pn呈极显著正相关。耐荫性相对较好的材料,如贡选1号和南豆12在套作遮荫下Pn下降较少,且有着相对较高的Chlb、Car分子组成比例、Fo和Fv/Fm。 相似文献
6.
根际促生细菌对干旱胁迫下水稻生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】本研究旨在探究植物根际促生菌蜡状芽孢杆菌F06菌株对不同干旱胁迫下水稻汕优63生理特性的影响。【方法】在盆栽试验条件下,以水稻汕优63为种植材料,研究了轻度(LD)、中度(MD)、重度(SD)3个干旱强度下接种蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)F06对水稻生理特征的影响。【结果】与正常水分管理相比,干旱胁迫(DS)下水稻叶片光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(gs)逐渐降低;而干旱胁迫下接种F06可显著减缓Pn和gs下降,与不接种(NP)处理相比,Pn和gs分别增加7.67%、12.97%、18.14%和11.51%、16.63%、17.07%,且呈现出随着干旱胁迫程度的提高,增幅增大的趋势。干旱胁迫下水稻叶片初始荧光(Fo)、非荧光淬灭系数(NPQ)显著上升,最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)显著下降;而干旱胁迫下接种F06可显著抑制Fo、NPQ升高和Fv/Fm、qP降低,明显改善水稻叶片光能转换效率。干旱胁迫下接种F06虽然不能改变叶片水势、相对含水量和相对电导率的变化趋势,但可以有效降低其变幅。正常水分处理下接种F06虽然没有增加光合色素含量,但干旱环境下显著抑制了光合色素的分解或降低。干旱显著降低了水稻叶片和根系细胞分裂素(CTK)含量,增加了叶片中脱落酸(ABA)的含量;在干旱胁迫下,接种F06可显著提高叶片和根系中CTK的含量。【结论】由此可见,干旱生境下接种F06,可调节植物体内的激素含量,减少干旱胁迫下光合色素的分解或流失,提高光合速率,增强水稻在干旱环境中的适应能力。 相似文献
7.
新小黑麦1号光合速率及叶绿素荧光特性的研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
通过对新小黑麦1号光合速率及叶绿素荧光特性的研究,结果表明,光合速率（Pn）、基础荧光（Fo）随光强的变化呈相同的变化趋势;而光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、最大荧光（Fm）则相反,而在抽穗期与扬花期各参数的值基本相同,在蜡熟期下降较明显。随着生育期的延长,Pn、Fo、Fv/Fm和Fm均有所下降,但在蜡熟期仍有一定的光合作用,显示了小黑麦较好的抗逆性及丰产性。 相似文献
8.
为了解钾肥对抗旱的生理影响,以抗旱性不同的两个油菜品种川油36（敏感）和油研57（耐旱）为材料,采用水培试验,调查干旱缺钾对油菜内源激素、光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。设置缺钾（0.01 mmol/L K2SO4）和正常钾肥（1.0 mmol/L K2SO4）两个梯度,加入7%的PEG6000模拟干旱,分别记为LK和NK处理。结果发现,干旱胁迫严重抑制油菜生长,不同钾肥水平对油菜生长和激素水平影响显著,与NK处理相比,LK处理下油菜生物量和叶片吲哚乙酸（IAA）、细胞分裂素（CTK）和油菜素内酯（BR）含量显著降低,而脱落酸（ABA）含量显著增加。干旱胁迫下钾肥水平对油菜光合作用影响显著,与NK相比,LK处理下油菜净光合速率、气孔导度、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶（RuBP羧化酶）活性、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPC）活性均显著降低。干旱胁迫下光系统I（PSI）P700最大变化（Pm）和光下P700最大变化（Pm'）显著降低,LK处理下Pm'显著低于NK处理,而PSI受体侧限制非光化学量子产量[Y(NA)]显著高于NK处理。干旱胁迫导致光系统II（PSII）最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）显著降低,与NK处理相比,LK处理下Fv/Fm和PSII调节性能量耗散[Y(NPQ)]显著降低,然而非调节性能量耗散[Y(NO)]显著增加。LK处理下抗旱品种油研57叶片IAA含量、CTK含量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和Fv/Fm显著高于川油36,表现出更高的生物量。综上,干旱缺钾会诱导ABA积累,抑制生长促进类激素IAA、CTK和BR的合成,抑制油菜生长。干旱缺钾条件下,RuBP羧化酶和PEPC酶活性显著降低,同时PSI受体侧过度还原,PSII调节性能量耗散减弱,非调节性能量耗散量子产量增加,造成PSI和PSII活性下降,导致油菜光合作用降低并限制油菜生长。 相似文献
9.
10.
We studied the influence of seed priming with beta-amino butyric acid(BABA) on the growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of seedlings with varied abiotic stress tolerance, which were raised and grown under unstressed and stressed(NaCl/PEG-6000) conditions. Under stressed conditions, the growth of rice seedlings was less when compared to control plants. After BABA priming, the seedling growth increased both under unstressed and stressed conditions as compared to the respective controls. BABA priming of rice seeds caused increase in the photosynthetic pigment content of the leaves, modified the chlorophyll a fluorescence related parameters and also enhanced the photosystem activities of seedlings when compared to their respective non-primed controls. BABA priming also caused increased mitochondrial activities of the rice seedlings. Moreover, BABA priming significantly reduced malondialdehyde content in the seedlings and also resulted in accumulation of proline especially in the NaCl tolerant variety Vyttila 6. BABA seed priming also enhanced the activity of nitrate reductase enzyme and activities of antioxidant enzymes like guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. The presence of BABA was detected by high performance thin layer chromatography analysis in the rice seeds whereas in the seedlings it was not detected. Thus, it can be inferred that the seed priming effect of BABA mainly occurred within the seeds, which was further carried to the seedlings. It is concluded that BABA priming of seeds improved the drought and salinity stress tolerance of all the three rice varieties and it was significantly evident in the drought tolerant variety Vaisakh and NaCl tolerant variety Vyttila 6, when compared to the stress sensitive variety Neeraja. 相似文献
11.
连作对花生农艺性状及生理特性的影响及其覆膜调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过池栽试验,研究了连作对花生农艺性状及生理特性的影响及其覆膜调控。结果表明:连作导致出苗率低、植株矮小、落叶早、结果数减少、产量下降,显著降低了花生叶片的净光合速率和叶绿素含量,且净光合速率的降低幅度大于叶绿素含量的降低幅度,同时,Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、NR活性及根系活力显著降低,且这种抑制作用随连作年限的延长而加重。覆膜栽培显著提高了多年连作花生叶片全生育期的叶绿素含量和生育前期的净光合速率,显著增加了花针期的ΦPSⅡ和饱果成熟期的Fv/Fm,对叶片硝酸还原酶活性及苗期到结荚期的根系活力具有显著的提高作用,产量增加13.5%。覆膜栽培提高花生生育前期根系的吸收活力,促进氮的转化和吸收,提高叶片的光合能力,在一定程度上缓解多年连作对植株生长发育的抑制作用,提高产量。 相似文献
12.
本文研究了白菜型冬油菜物质转运、叶片光合、荧光动力学特征及其与冬油菜抗寒性关系,为我国西北寒旱区冬油菜抗寒育种和种质抗寒评价提供依据。在大田条件下,选用白菜型冬油菜品种陇油7号(强抗寒)和天油4号(弱抗寒),调查自然降温过程中冬油菜幼苗干物质分配、光合特征、叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线等指标。结果发现,随着自然温度的下降,两个白菜型冬油菜根部干物质分配率增加,叶片光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线O-J-I-P的Fo(20μs时荧光,O相)、F_k(300μs时荧光,K相)、F_j(2 ms的荧光强度,J相)和Fm(最大荧光,P相)均下降,说明低温下光合作用的抑制有利于根部干物质的分配。在冬前低温下白菜型冬油菜光系统受到损伤,发生光抑制现象,表现为PSⅡ受体库的大小(Area)、光合性能指数(PI)、最大荧光(Fm)和PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)下降,初始荧光(Fo)上升。与弱抗寒品种天油4号相比,强抗寒品种陇油7号的Pn、Fm、Fv/Fm、PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、Fk-j(Q_A被还原能力)和Fj-i(Q_B含快还原PQ库)均较低,说明冬前低温条件下,陇油7号光合能力下降,由非气孔因素引起,低温导致光抑制增强。综上,白菜型冬油菜抗寒性与冬前低温下叶片光合特性以及干物质积累有关,弱的光合作用可减弱白菜型冬油菜地上部生长和根系物质消耗,有利于白菜型冬油菜根部干物质积累,以增强其抗寒性。 相似文献
13.
采用盆栽方法研究10个不同盐度水平下的海芒果、黄槿实生苗生长特性、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数变化情况。结果表明：随着盐度的增加,2种半红树植物的苗高、地径、根、茎、叶干重均逐渐变小;叶绿素含量呈波动式变化;除处理2的黄槿苗木(盐度为0.2%)外,叶绿素荧光参数PSII原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)和PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)值均低于ck(清水)。以Fv/Fm作为判断植株是否受胁迫的重要指标来看,黄槿在土壤盐度低于0.6%、海芒果在低于1.2%时表现出较好的耐受性。 相似文献
14.
Abiotic stress confers serious damage to the photosynthetic machinery, often resulting in plant growth inhibition. Hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame 3 (Ycf3)-interacting protein 1 (Y3IP1) is a nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein and plays an essential role in the assembly of photosystem I. The full-length cDNA over-expresser (FOX) gene-hunting system is an approach using systemically generated gain-of-function mutants. Among the FOX-rice lines, a line CE175 overexpressing rice Y3IP1 gene (OsY3IP1) displayed less inhibition of root growth under saline (NaCl) stress. The expression of OsY3IP1 was up-regulated under saline and alkaline (Na2CO3) stresses in the rice variety Kitaake. After saline and alkaline treatments, transgenic Kitaake overexpressing OsY3IP1-GFP (OsY3IP1-GFPox/Kit) displayed higher levels of chlorophyll content compared to Kitaake. Under the stress conditions, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry levels was higher in OsY3IP1-GFPox/Kit than in Kitaake. The increased tolerance conferred by OsY3IP1 overexpression correlated with reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation. Our data provide new insights into the possible role of OsY3IP1 in the pathway suppressing photooxidative damage under stress conditions. These features can be further exploited to improve saline and alkaline tolerances of rice plants in future. 相似文献
15.
水稻与非洲狼尾草体细胞融合再生植株的光合及农艺性状分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以粳稻8411（C3植物）与非洲狼尾草（C4植物）经体细胞杂交后获得的融合体再生植株为材料,测定体细胞融合再生植株的光合特性及农艺性状。 与栽培稻8411相比,再生植株的生育期延长、植株矮化、穗形变小、千粒重增加、结实率下降。 再生植株的光合速率、气孔导度、叶片蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度及水分利用效率等光合参数为栽培稻8411与非洲狼尾草的中间值,其中叶片光合速率显著高于栽培稻8411。 体细胞融合再生植株在弱光下表现出比栽培稻8411更高的光合速率,并具有较高光饱和点。 再生植株的最大荧光值Fm、能量捕捉效率Fv/Fo、光化学效率Fv/Fm、叶绿素含量等指标表现出显著的超亲优势。这些结果初步表明,体细胞融合再生植株具有C4循环固定CO2的光合系统的特征。 相似文献
16.
The influence of submergence on photosynthesis and antioxidant capacities in rice varieties Swarna and Swarna-Sub1 with or without Sub1 QTL were evaluated under control,simulated complete submergence and subsequent re-aeration.The leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased in the both varieties during the progression of submergence as compared to the control plants,but significant varietal differences were observed after 1 d of submergence.Submergence also altered the PSII activity,as reflected in a decrease in the values of Fo,Fm and Fv/Fm and degradation of chlorophyll,more in Swarna than in Swarna-Sub1.During early submergence period,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR),glutathione reductase(GR) against reactive oxygen species were increased in the both varieties.However,with the progress of submergence period(after 7 d),the activities of SOD,catalase(CAT),APX,guaiacol peroxidase(GPX),GR and DHAR declined,more in Swarna than in Swarna-Sub1.During re-aeration,Swarna-Sub1 showed significant increase of above antioxidant enzymes but not in Swarna.Swarna-Sub1 improves photosynthetic activity,showing higher photosynthetic rate compared to Swarna under submergence and subsequent re-aeration because of less degradation of chlorophyll,higher stomatal conductance,and efficient PSII activity along with better antioxidant protection from oxidative damage. 相似文献
17.
镉离子对茶叶光合机构及性能的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对水培在镉污染下的茶叶光合机构进行连续观察和光合性能测定。结果表明镉离子（0.5βmmol/L）伤害茶苗叶片叶绿体超微结构。在毒害初期,表现为基粒减少,排列不规则,类囊体减少,垛叠紧密度下降;而后,叶绿体逐渐变圆并与质膜分离,类囊体腔膨胀,垛叠疏松;到后期叶绿体结构更加混乱,类囊体大幅度降解,有些叶绿体外膜局部破裂,基质外泄。随Cd2+处理时间的延长,茶叶叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/b值下降 ,叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm值降低。镉离子对光合作用有多方面影响,而且对细胞的毒害具有明显的累积效应。 相似文献
18.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):269-278
AbstractA greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the adaptive mechanism of cotton and peanut under water stress conditions. Five cultivars of cotton and six cultivars of peanut were grown in pots under two water levels; the control and water stress condition, where irrigation water equal to 100% and 50% of the daily transpiration, respectively, was daily applied. Peanut showed a greater increase than cotton in leaf temperature (Tl) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and a greater decrease in water content per unit leaf area (WCLA), chlorophyll content and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) in the water stress condition. On the other hand, the water stress lowered the transpiration rate, actual quantum yield of PSII (ΔF/F’m) and leaf area (LA) more in cotton than in peanut. Cotton showed greater reduction in LA along with little reduction in the root dry weight (RDW) leading to high WCLA, while peanut showed increased RDW with little reduction in LA under the water stress condition. It was concluded that photodamage and down regulation in PSII were induced by water stress, coinciding with increases in leaf temperature regulated mainly by transpiration. Peanut showed more severe photodamage in PSII than cotton under the water stress condition. 相似文献
19.
本研究以3年生鼓节竹为研究材料,研究单施氮肥（150、300、450 g/丛）以及保水剂（180 g/丛）与氮肥（150、300、450 g/丛）混施对鼓节竹叶绿素、叶片光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,并通过主成分分析法对不同处理进行综合评价。结果表明：在相同的氮肥条件下,保水剂与氮肥混施提高了叶片叶绿素含量,提高了净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）等光合参数及初始荧光（Fo）、最大荧光（Fm）、可变荧光（Fv）、潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）实际光化学产量（ΦPSⅡ）、光合电子传递速率（ETR）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）和非光化学猝灭系数（qN）等荧光参数,降低了水分利用效率（WUE）,说明采用保水剂和氮肥混施能够提高氮肥利用率。主成分分析综合得分CK、A、B、C、D、E、F分别为-12.57、-8.15、-3.89、3.15、0.12、10.02、11.32。综合得分F最高,即保水剂（180 g/丛）与氮肥（450 g/丛）组合最优。 相似文献