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1.
山东华牧天元动物保健品有限公司 《山东畜牧兽医》2010,31(6)
1 当前种、蛋禽的生产现状
母鸡产蛋高峰缩短了约2～3周,整体产蛋率水平比标准要求降低2～3%,甚至更多.种、蛋禽非典型新城疫(ND)、低致病性禽流感(AI)发病率以及整个生产周期的死淘率明显增加.绝大数鸡群中的白血病(ALV-J)、传贫(CAV)、呼吸肠孤(ARV)等,抗体阳性率达到95～100%,商品代蛋鸡血管瘤现象也日趋严重. 相似文献
2.
王建红 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2011,31(1):94-94
现代商品代蛋鸡是通过品种选择、纯系培育、配合力测定,并经过祖代和父母代的杂交而产生的具有很高产蛋性能的杂种鸡。其生产性能发挥的好与否,与生长期鸡群的均匀度高低密切相关。实践证明,生长期鸡群均匀度越高,开产越整齐,产蛋高峰来的越早,高峰期维持时间越长,蛋的大小越整齐,成年死淘率越低。可见均匀度是影响商品代蛋鸡生产性能的一个很重要的因素。我国商品代蛋鸡主要是养殖户饲养,好多农户不注重鸡群均匀度,结果使生产性能没有很好发挥出来。 相似文献
3.
对江苏商品蛋鸡6个鸡场临床表现严重血管瘤鸡群的送检样品进行了病理学分析,结果发现,送检的6只商品蛋鸡均可见体表血管瘤,内脏主要在肝、脾、肌胃和肠系膜表面的大小不等的血管瘤,引起严重的肝破裂、脾脏失血和肌胃失血,6个病例中有4个病例出现血管瘤和髓样细胞瘤并存。追踪检测父母代蛋鸡表明,父母代蛋鸡场的各个日龄鸡群均存在不同程度的丁亚群禽白血病病毒（Avian Leukosis Vivus SubgroupJ,ALV-J感染;而送检商品病鸡均呈现病毒血症而抗体阴性,提示垂直传播的可能;ALV-J特异性RT-PCR结果显示,6个样品均存在ALV-J感染;对扩增克隆的部分序列分析可见,此六株病毒之间同源性为97．9％～99．6％,而与原型毒HPRS103之间的同源性则较低（94．6％～95．2％）,与同为蛋鸡分离毒株AY360088和SD07LK1同源性为94．2％～95．0％。 相似文献
4.
为了解山东地区蛋鸡禽白血病( Avian Leukosis,AL)的流行病学情况,从泰安、临沂、青岛、聊城等4个地区的祖代种鸡场及其具有亲缘关系的父母代、商品代鸡场采集1827份血清,其中祖代鸡血清597份、父母代鸡血清710份、商品代鸡血清520份;并采集1209份泄殖腔棉拭子,其中祖代鸡棉拭子597份、父母代鸡棉拭子460份、商品代鸡棉拭子152份.通过ELISA检测试剂盒进行了血清的ALV-J、ALV-AB抗体检测、泄殖腔棉拭子的P27抗原检测.结果显示:祖代鸡ALV-J抗体、ALV-AB抗体、P27抗原的平均阳性率分别为0、0.84％、17.93％,其中不同地区P27抗原阳性率存在较大差异,泰安、聊城、青岛地区P27抗原阳性率分别为52.5％、0.58％、0;父母代鸡ALV-J抗体、ALV-AB抗体、P27抗原的平均阳性率分别为8.45％、3.10％、30.48％,不同地区之间三者差别较大;而商品代鸡ALV-J抗体、ALV-AB抗体、P27抗原的平均阳性率分别为13.46％、8.65％、18.42％,不同地区之间三者也存在较大的差别.祖代、父母代及商品代间抗体或抗原阳性率高低的明显相关性,提示存在垂直感染的可能性.山东地区祖代种鸡未检测到ALV-J抗体,ALV-AB抗体检出率极低,仅为0.84％,但个别祖代鸡场P27抗原的阳性率极高,可能存在免疫耐受感染;父母代、商品代鸡群抗体阳性率和抗原阳性率均比祖代高,说明它们已有ALV-J、ALV-AB的感染;父母代及商品代鸡群ALV-J抗体水平都高于ALV-AB抗体水平,说明山东省内AL以ALV-J感染为主,应注意研究其传播途径,加强检疫净化. 相似文献
5.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(1)
为了研究饥饿法强制换羽技术对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响,选取449日龄的京红1号蛋鸡13 876只进行饥饿法强制换羽试验,测定强制换羽期间试验鸡的产蛋数、死淘数和蛋品质及停料期间试验鸡体重下降情况,分析强制换羽对产蛋率、减重率、死淘率及蛋品质的影响。结果表明:停料第12天时鸡群停止产蛋,恢复喂料后第4天鸡群开始见蛋,第25天产蛋率达50.00%以上,第6周产蛋率达85.00%以上;饥饿第15天时减重率达30.09%,达到恢复喂料的标准要求,初始体重较低的鸡减重率高于初始体重较高的鸡(P0.05);停料期间鸡群总死淘率为0.66%,停料9～15天鸡群的日均死淘率显著高于第1～4天(P0.05),恢复喂料19 d内鸡群总死淘率为0.85%,恢复喂料第1～4天的日均死淘率显著高于其他时间段(P0.05);换羽后蛋重、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、哈氏单位等均有升高趋势。说明饥饿法强制换羽可有效改善产蛋后期蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质,延长蛋鸡的产蛋年限。 相似文献
6.
最近几年,由于个体饲养蛋种鸡的养殖户相对增加,祖代、父母代种鸡场饲养管理不到位、免疫程序不正规、实验室检测不完善、发病后治愈不彻底等诸多因素,造成商品蛋鸡的血管瘤病发病率明显上升,严重影响蛋鸡的产蛋率,增加了死淘率,发病鸡群死淘率在10％～20％之间;鸡群产蛋没有高峰,仅达70％～80％左右.给养鸡业造成很大的经济损失. 相似文献
7.
山东不同品系蛋鸡禽白血病流行病学调查 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了解山东不同品系蛋鸡白血病流行情况,作者采集了山东各地区主要引进品系及地方品种鸡的血清3882份、棉拭子2428份和疑似病例41例,对采集样品分别进行了血清学、病理学及病原学检测.结果表明:包括祖代鸡在内的各品系蛋鸡群P27抗原阳性率为19.36%;ALV-A/B亚型抗体阳性率9.29%、ALV-J亚型抗体阳性率5.18%、REV抗体阳性率13.77%;发病鸡群主要是商品鸡群和父母代鸡群,海兰褐祖代鸡群也有发病;病理学诊断证明肿瘤类型主要为髓细胞瘤(27/41)、血管瘤或血管内皮细胞瘤(7/41)、纤维肉瘤(2/41)、平滑肌肉瘤(2/41)及马立克氏病(5/41);PCR检测结果显示,41份病料中有33份为ALV-J阳性(80.49%);22份为MDV阳性(53.66%);两者共感染率高达43.9%;从疑似病例分离到的17株ALV-J病毒gp85基因的同源性为94.0%～100%,与ALV-J原型株HPRS-103 gp85基因同源性为94.3%～98.7%;与其它已发表的分离毒株ALV-J gp85基因的同源性较低(84.4%～96.8%).调查结果表明,目前山东各品系蛋鸡群均存在ALV感染,其中以ALV-J为主,ALV-A和ALV-B同时存在,且存在与MDV、REV的混合感染,病鸡主要表现髓细胞瘤和血管瘤. 相似文献
8.
随着养殖饲养规模的扩大,鸡群发生的疾病也逐年增多,据不完全统计,蛋鸡卵黄性腹膜炎在饲养密集的鸡场普遍存在,并且是近几年造成鸡群死淘率较大的疾病之一。因此提高鸡群生产性能、减少鸡场经济损失,防治蛋鸡发生卵黄性腹膜炎也是重中之重。 相似文献
9.
《中国家禽》2016,(14)
通过对徐州市某蛋鸡父母代群禽白血病(AL)感染情况调查,参考国际通用及国内学者提出的AL净化方案,结合该场实际,开展AL净化检测效果评估。对照试验结果:经AL净化鸡群的p27抗原阳性率(2.4%)、ALV-A/B抗体阳性率(1.9%)、ALV-J抗体阳性率(2.1%),远低于未经AL净化鸡群的p27抗原阳性率(16.4%)、ALV-A/B抗体阳性率(11.4%)、ALV-J抗体阳性率(13.8%);同时,对父母代鸡群所产商品代雏鸡带毒情况检测,经净化的父母代鸡群所产商品代鸡1、40日龄p27抗原阳性率分别为1.3%、3.1%,也远低于未经净化的父母代鸡群所产商品代鸡1、40日龄p27抗原阳性率的13.7%、18.2%。以上结果表明,该场禽白血病净化取得了一定成效。 相似文献
10.
《中国家禽》2017,(20)
为研究开产前不同体重水平对"京粉1号"父母代蛋种鸡生产性能的影响,试验自标准化蛋鸡舍15 616只20周龄"京粉1号"父母代蛋种鸡中,选取大于平均体重110%和介于平均体重105%~110%、100%~105%、95%~100%、90%~95%之间,以及小于平均体重90%的鸡各96只,共576只,依次分为1、2、3、4、5、6组。对6组鸡群提供相同的饲养环境、饲料配方和饲养管理,比较各组鸡群的开产日龄和达产蛋高峰日龄以及20~56周龄死淘率、产蛋率、蛋重、不合格种蛋率、入舍鸡单产、入舍鸡合格单产、不合格种蛋等8项指标。结果显示:开产前体重越大,鸡群开产越早,达产蛋高峰的日龄越早,全程产蛋率越高;体重与鸡群的蛋重相关性高,对部分不合格蛋的比例也有影响,但对鸡群的死淘率无影响,因而对入舍鸡单产及入舍鸡合格单产水平无影响。试验表明:"京粉1号"父母代蛋种鸡产前体重是后备鸡的培育关键,在后备期的饲养管理中,需促进鸡群适度增重,从而提高鸡群产蛋全程的生产性能。 相似文献
11.
Isolation and characterization of emerging subgroup J avian leukosis virus associated with hemangioma in egg-type chickens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lai H Zhang H Ning Z Chen R Zhang W Qing A Xin C Yu K Cao W Liao M 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,151(3-4):275-283
Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), first isolated in 1989, predominantly causes myeloid leukosis (ML) in meat-type or egg-type chicken. Since 2006, the clinical cases of hemangioma rather than ML in commercial layer flocks associated with ALV-J have been reported, but it was still not clear whether the novel oncogenic ALV-J had emerged. We characterized SCAU-HN06 isolate of ALV-J from hemangioma in commercial Roman layers through animal experiment and full-length proviral genome sequence analysis. The SPF white leghorn egg-type chickens infected with SCAU-HN06 in ovo at day 11 of incubation showed an overall incidence of 56% hemangioma and 8% renal tumor throughout the 22-week trial, the mortality rate was 16%. Most genes of SCAU-HN06 isolate showed high nucleotide sequence identity to JS09GY6 which was isolated from Hy-Line Variety Brown layers suffering hemangioma. The 19-bp insertion in leader sequence and one key deletion in E element were the common features of SCAU-HN06 and JS09GY6. SCAU-HN06 and those ALV-Js associated with hemangioma, possibly recombinants of ALV-J and other avian retrovirus, may share the same ancestor. 相似文献
12.
Engström BE 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1999,40(2):97-107
A serological survey for antibody to Chicken Anaemia Virus (CAV) was performed on broiler breeders as well as layer breeding birds in Sweden at the end of their rearing period. Grandparents (GP) of both types leaving quarantine were in 21 out of 26 cases free from antibody to CAV, but often became infected soon thereafter. A total of 10 outbreaks of blue wing disease (BWD) in 3 series were recorded in the broiler and layer parent generation, all of which were progeny of 3 late seroconverting GP-flocks. All but one of 22 layer parent flocks had been infected and had seroconverted during the rearing period. Subsequently BWD was not recorded from commercial layers. Broiler parent flocks were more protected from CAV infection during rearing. Eighteen out of 94 broiler parent flocks had not developed antibody to CAV before coming into lay. Outbreaks of BWD were reported in progeny flocks from all these broiler breeders, with the exception of those that had been vaccinated. Good hygienic routines along with isolation of the birds delayed the seroconversion to CAV in broiler breeders and vaccination of these breeders protected their progeny from outbreaks of BWD. Broiler flocks in houses where BWD had occurred recently had always antibodies to CAV at slaughter. It was possible to eradicate the infection from the house and prevent the infection between flocks by proper cleaning and disinfection of the broiler houses. 相似文献
13.
种鸡接种网状内皮组织增生病病毒弱毒疫苗的安全性和免疫效果观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在正常饲养条件下，在肉种鸡鸡群中试用网状内皮增生病病毒（reticuloendotheliosis virus，REV）的弱毒疫苗，观察其对体重增长、产蛋生产性能、对其他疫苗应答有无影响。同时连续定期测定种鸡血清REV抗体，并测试抗体阳性鸡的后代有无病毒垂直传播。结果表明，该疫苗接种18周龄种鸡后，对生长、产蛋率、受精率和孵化率等生产性能均无不良影响，对正常疫苗免疫的抗体应答也无影响。经免疫接种REV弱毒疫苗的种鸡，在开产后及产蛋高峰期，均不表现病毒的垂直传播。免疫种鸡后，其激发的抗体可持续280d以上，且雏鸡血清中母源抗体可持续至少7d。结果表明，该REV弱毒在开产前种鸡应用时有很高的安全性，并能为雏鸡提供足够的特异性母源抗体。 相似文献
14.
Thu WL Wang CH 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(3):325-328
Subgroup J avian leucosis virus (ALV-J) causes great economic losses in the poultry industry. One in 3 grandparent farms was closed due to ALV-J infection in 1998 in Taiwan. The remaining 2 farms were forced to import breeding chicks from different breeding companies afterwards. We report on the ALV-J infection status among these breeders, their progeny and Taiwan native chickens during 2000-2002. The weekly mortality for the male line among the infected breeders was higher than that for the female line. Sixty-three percent (5/8) of the broiler flocks were infected with ALV-J. The surface (SU) portion of the env gene from the ALV-J field isolates was cloned and sequenced. The phylogenetic results show that all of the isolates fell into 2 clusters. Unexpectedly, the isolates from the same breeds fell into different clusters, with a cluster including isolates from different breeding companies. ALV-Js from native chickens crossbred with imported chickens were placed into the same clusters as those from the imported breeds. The high similarities observed in different ALV-J isolates suggest that different ALV-Js were mixed in the pedigree generations in different breeding lines. 相似文献
15.
为了了解鸡传染性贫血病病毒（CIAV）和J亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-J）对AA肉种鸡鸡胚和1日龄雏鸡的感染情况,试验直接从山东省3个不同AA肉种鸡场的鸡胚和1日龄雏鸡的肝、脾、肾、胸腺、骨髓、法氏囊等组织（器官）提取DNA,进行了PCR扩增及PCR产物的克隆和序列测定。结果显示,被检的3个肉种鸡场的鸡胚和1日龄雏鸡体内均有这2种病毒核酸的检出,其中CIAV的阳性率是20.42%,ALV-J的阳性率是15.83%,二者共感染的阳性率是6.25%;在阳性检出率中弱雏〉死胚〉健康雏〉正常胚。病毒核酸在各感染组织（器官）的含量也有所差异,CIAV以脾的含量最多,ALV-J以肾的含量最多。对肝进行细菌分离鉴定时发现,3个鸡场还存在大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和霉形体的混合感染。结果提示,在AA肉种鸡鸡胚和雏鸡体内存在CIAV、ALV-J的感染和二者的共感染以及继发性大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和霉形体的混合感染。 相似文献
16.
Chickens from seven different parental lines of commercial White Leghorn layer flocks from three independent breeders were inoculated with a naturally occurring avian leukosis virus (ALV) containing an ALV-B envelope and an ALV-J long terminal repeat (LTR) termed ALV-B/J. Additional groups of chickens from the same seven parental lines were inoculated with ALV-B. Chickens were tested for ALV viremia and antibody at 0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 wk postinfection. Chickens from all parental lines studied were susceptible to infection with ALV-B with 40%-100% of inoculated chickens positive for ALV at hatch following embryo infection. Similarly, infection of egg layer flocks with the ALV-B/J recombinant virus at 8 days of embryonation induced tolerance to ALV with 86%-100% of the chickens viremic, 40%-75% of the chickens shedding virus, and only 2/125 (2%) of the chickens producing serum-neutralizing antibodies against homologous ALV-B/J recombinant virus at 32 wk postinfection. In contrast, when infected with the ALV-B/J recombinant virus at hatch, 33%-82% of the chickens were viremic, 28%-47% shed virus, and 0%-56% produced serum-neutralizing antibodies against homologous ALV-B/J recombinant virus at 32 wk postinfection. Infection with the ALV-B/J recombinant virus at embryonation and at hatch induced predominately lymphoid leukosis (LL), along with other common ALV neoplasms, including erythroblastosis, osteopetrosis, nephroblastomas, and rhabdosarcomas. No incidence of myeloid leukosis (ML) was observed in any of the commercial White Leghorn egg layer flocks infected with ALV-B/J in the present study. Data suggest that the parental line of commercial layers may influence development of ALV-B/J-induced viremia and antibody, but not tumor type. Differences in type of tumors noted in the present study and those noted in the field case where the ALV-B/J was first isolated may be attributed to differences in the genetics of the commercial layer flock in which ML was first diagnosed and the present commercial layer flocks tested in the present study. 相似文献
17.
两个规模化商品蛋鸡场发病鸡群临床解剖显示：脚部和翅膀有血管瘤、肌肉组织内出现纤维肉瘤,肿大的肝、脾出现髓细胞瘤;经组织病理学观察符合J亚群禽白血病（ALV-J）的病理学特征。针对ALV—J保守序列P27基因设计特异引物,建立PCR方法,从出现病理改变的各组织脏器、各多发性肿瘤中以及血液中均检测到ALV-J,证实该病为以髓细胞瘤,血管瘤和纤维肉瘤为主的多发性肿瘤传染病。对扩增产物序列进行测定后,与原型株序列进行比较,核苷酸同源性为98．27％,从分子水平上证明为J亚群禽白血病,用PCR检测进一步验证J亚群禽白血病毒的感染机制和引起鸡群的病理改变。 相似文献
18.
J亚群禽白血病多发性肿瘤的病理改变与PCR检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
两个规模化商品蛋鸡场发病鸡群临床解剖显示:脚部和翅膀有血管瘤、肌肉组织内出现纤维肉瘤,肿大的肝、脾出现髓细胞瘤;经组织病理学观察符合J亚群禽白血病(ALV-J)的病理学特征。针对ALV-J保守序列P27基因设计特异引物,建立PCR方法,从出现病理改变的各组织脏器、各多发性肿瘤中以及血液中均检测到ALV-J,证实该病为以髓细胞瘤、血管瘤和纤维肉瘤为主的多发性肿瘤传染病。对扩增产物序列进行测定后,与原型株序列进行比较,核苷酸同源性为98.27%,从分子水平上证明为J亚群禽白血病,用PCR检测进一步验证J亚群禽白血病毒的感染机制和引起鸡群的病理改变。 相似文献
19.
通过临床观察、剖检、接种DF-1细胞、间接免疫荧光试验和PCR等方法,从安徽父母代种鸡场、青岛平度和沙子口某商品蛋鸡场分离到3株血管瘤型J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J),分别命名为AH-101、PD-101、SZK-101.采集病鸡的血液、肝脏和脾脏组织,接种DF-1细胞分离病毒,提取DNA,用P11/PJ2 ALV-J引物进行PCR扩增结果为阳性,IFA检测为阳性.用J3/J4引物扩增gp85并测序,序列分析发现,3株毒株与国内外各ALV-J的相应核苷酸相似性为91.6%～96.9%,氨基酸序列的同源性为83.4%～96.9%.系统进化分析表明,AH-101和PD-101与原型株HPRS-103的亲缘关系最近,SZK-101与美国株AF247391的亲缘关系最近. 相似文献
20.
为了解禽白血病(avian leukemia, AL)在中国进口品种鸡群中的感染状况,2008年12月至2010年6月,在4个省市各选择1个进口品种鸡场进行禽白血病流行病学调查。此次调查共涉及4个场、5个品种、不同代次、不同生长阶段的115个鸡群共计7000余份样品,分别采集泄殖腔拭子进行p27抗原的检测和血清中的J抗体、A/B抗体的检测。结果表明,中国进口品种鸡群中存在不同程度的ALV-J亚群、ALV-A/B亚群感染,J抗体阳性率普遍高于A/B抗体阳性率,且肉鸡品种的J抗体阳性率高于蛋鸡品种;此外,本次调查结果还显示,产蛋初期的鸡群p27抗原阳性率和J抗体阳性率较高。 相似文献