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1.
Abstract

This article provides econometric estimates of the determinants of collaboration in innovation processes and innovation outcomes in Norwegian aquaculture and other seafood sector firms, using linked innovation survey and register data on individual firms for the years 1990–2010. The seafood sector in Norway has an extensive innovation system and a high research and development (R&D) intensity, where public R&D institutions receive much of the funding. Our econometric estimates imply that firms with internal R&D resources collaborate more with external organizations in general, and research institutions in particular. Internal skills in the form of R&D employees and external collaboration with firms in the value chain have highly significant positive effects on innovation rates. Collaboration with R&D institutions has a smaller direct effect on innovation. Innovation is clustered at the beginning and end of the supply chain. Aquaculture input suppliers are highly innovative, while aquaculture farms mainly incorporate innovations from suppliers.  相似文献   

2.
During the last decade, Piscine orthoreovirus was identified as the main causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic Salmon, Norway. A recent study showed that PRV-1 sequences from salmonid collected in North Atlantic Pacific Coast (NAPC) grouped separately from the Norwegian sequences found in Atlantic Salmon diagnosed with HSMI. Currently, the routine assay used to screen for PRV-1 in NAPC water and worldwide cannot differentiate between the two groups of PRV-1. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay to target the PRV-1 genome segments specific for variants associated with HSMI. The assay was optimized and tested against 71 tissue samples collected from different regions including Norway, Chile and both coast of Canada and different hosts farmed Atlantic Salmon, wild Coho Salmon and escaped Atlantic Salmon collected in British Columbia, West Coast of Canada. This assay has the potential to be used for screening salmonids and non-salmonids that may carry PRV-1 potentially causing HSMI.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

Commercial salmon and trout farming has emerged as a major industry in Chile during the 1990s. Salmon is not a native species to Chile, still excellent climatic conditions are provided for farming. Since 1992 Chile has been the second largest producer of farmed salmon and trout in the world after Norway. This report reviews the development of the Chilean salmonid industry from its early stages until today with respect to production patterns, legislation and main markets. A cost comparison between Chilean and Norwegian farmed salmon is also provided. Finally, the international competitiveness and future challenges of the Chilean salmonid farming industry are analysed.  相似文献   

4.
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., stocks are decreasing worldwide, and major efforts are underway to conserve populations that are threatened. In a recent effort to conserve the Norwegian salmon, the Norwegian government implemented in 2007 a scheme called National Atlantic Salmon Watercourses and Fjords (NASW), where 52 rivers were given special protection. Here, the scheme is described and it is evaluated if and to what extent the scheme has led to changes in management practice. After the implementation of the NASW scheme, fewer plans for development (e.g. hydropower plants, water abstraction, flood and erosion control) at the within‐river level were accepted for NASW‐rivers than for rivers not in the scheme. However, at the same time, there was a tendency for fewer plans overall being sanctioned in all types of rivers probably due to overall changes in management practices not related to the NASW scheme. In total, these changes could lead to increased protection of Norwegian Atlantic salmon populations.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

In contrast to the stabilization or decline of wild fishery harvests, aquaculture's contribution to the world fish supply is steadily increasing. Aquaculture has begun to have a major influence on the trade of export‐orientated species such as salmon and shrimp. This paper reviews the role of aquaculture in international trade and the research which has been conducted to examine its influence. Despite the growing significance of aquaculture on international trade, especially for shrimp and salmon, formal analysis of the shrimp trade is sparse, only moderate for salmon, and essentially nonexistent for other species. This paper also presents specific examples of how aquaculture has played an important role in international trade. These include an examination of: (1) the influence of shrimp aquaculture and trade on the development of a shrimp futures contract; and (2) the countervailing duty and antidumping case against the Norwegian farmed salmon industry.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

Commercial salmon and trout farming has emerged as a major industry in Chile during the last two decades. Salmon is not a native species to Chile; however, excellent climatic conditions are provided for farming activities in the southern part of the country. After negligible production volumes during the early years, the harvest levels accelerated in the late 1980s, and since 1992 Chile has been the second largest producer of farmed salmon and trout in the world after Norway. This report reviews the development of the Chilean salmonid industry from its early stages until today with respect to production patterns, legislation and main markets. A cost comparison between Chilean and Norwegian farmed salmon is also provided. Finally, the international competitiveness and future challenges of the Chilean salmonid farming industry are analysed.  相似文献   

7.
Book Reviews     
《Aquaculture Research》1986,17(4):331-334
Book reviewed in this article:
Introduction to the Practice of Fishery Science . By W illiam F. R oyce .
Business Management in Fisheries and Aquaculture . By I an C haston .
The Status of the Atlantic Salmon in Scotland . Edited by D avid J enkins & W illiam S hearer .
The Biology and Management of the River Dee . Edited by D avid J enkins .
Chemical and Biological Methods of Water Analysis for Aquacuiturists . Edited by H adrian P. S tirling .
Practical Manual for the Culture of the African Catfish ( Ctariasgariepinus ). By. W. J. A. R. V iveen , C. J. J. R ichter , P. G. W. J. van O ordt , J. A. L. J anssen & E. A. H uisman .
Ageing Manual for Kuwaiti Fish . By T. P. W illiams .  相似文献   

8.
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9.
Book Reviews     
《Journal of fish diseases》1987,10(5):423-424
Book reviewed in this article:
Genetics in Aquaculture II . Ed. by G. A. E. G all and C. A. B usack .
Handbook of Trout and Salmon Diseases (Second edition). By R onald J. R oberts and J onathan S hepherd .  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

The literature on production economics and management of fish culture has grown as aquaculture has matured as a commercial industry. Salmon, catfish, shrimp and trout are the focus of this literature survey as a reflection of the volume of research that has been completed on these species and their importance in US production and world trade. In addition, a discussion of low resource production systems is included that is dominated by tilapia and carp culture systems. A brief overview of the principles of aquaculture production economics and management is presented followed by a review of economic studies.  相似文献   

11.
Book reviews     
《Aquaculture Research》1991,22(2):269-269
Book reviewed in this article:
The Economics of Salmon Aquaculture . By TROND BJORNDAL.
Marketing: A Practical Guide for Fish Fanners . By SUSAN A. SHAW.
The Peruvian Upwelling Ecosystem: Dynamics and Interactions . Edited by D. PAULY, P. MUCK, J. MENDO & J. TSUKAYAMA.
The First Indian Fisheries Forum, Proceedings . Edited by M. MOHAN JOSEPH.
Inland Aquaculture Development Handbook . By DAVID R. BLAKELY & CHRISTOPHER T. HRUSA.
The Law of Game, Salmon and Freshwater Fishing in Scotland . By STANLEY ScOTT ROBINSON.
Morphological Bases of the Systematics and Phylogeny of the Nototheniid Fishes . (Russian Translation Series 73). By A. V. BALUSHKIN. A. A. Balkema.
Developments in Electric Fishing: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Fishing with Electricity . Edited by I. G. Cowx.
Dynamic Geography of Marine Fish Populations . By A. D. M ac C all .
Fish Facts: An Illustrated Guide to Commercial Species . By ROBIN W. A. RODGER.  相似文献   

12.
Norway leads the world aquaculture production of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon is currently consumed around the globe. However, sea lice infestation is a major problem faced by the salmon aquaculture industry in Norway and elsewhere. The use of wild-caught cleaner fish, mainly wrasses, has been recommended over the other available methods as the most economical and environmentally friendly option to control sea lice infestation in salmon farming. Here, we review the development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish. In this document, we address the sea lice problem and introduce the main wrasse species employed as cleaner fish, document the cleaning behaviour of wrasses, present the development of a new wrasse fishery associated with the salmon aquaculture industry, and finally, we identify the main challenges associated with the intensive use of wild-caught cleaner wrasses and provide some insight for future directions of the wrasse fishery and further development of aquaculture techniques to supply salmon facilities with domesticated cleaner fish.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Aquaculture is a relatively recent industry in Turkey, enjoying great potential for development. Both freshwater and marine aquaculture are being practised in over 800 operational units. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Sea bream (Sparus aurata), Sea bass (Dicen‐trarchus labrax), comprise 90% of the total production, together with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Shrimp (Penaeidae spp.) and Mussel (Mytilus gal‐loprovincialis). Total aquaculture production reached 45 450 t in 1998, constituting 9% of total national fisheries production. Sea bass and sea bream farms are located along Aegean Sea and Mediterranean coasts and comprised 16% of the total number of aquaculture enterprises and 30% of total aquaculture production in 1997. Supplies of these two species have been steadily increasing in Turkey and other producing countries since 1990 resulting in market saturation and declining prices both locally and internationally. Mediterranean species including Epinephelus spp., Puntazzo puntazzo and Pagrus pagrus, are considered to be new candidates offering good prospects for mariculture.  相似文献   

14.
Book Review     
《Aquaculture Research》1989,20(4):493-493
Book reviewed in this articles:
Ecology and Management of Atlantic Salmon. By D erek M ills .  相似文献   

15.
Abstract The main question which must be raised when planning to enhance natural populations through sea ranching is whether reared organisms are fit for a life in the wild, or more specifically, whether there are differences between reared and naturally resident individuals. The causes and effects of these differences are reviewed, and results from the Norwegian enhancement programme, which compared reared and wild individuals of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., and European lobster, Homarus gammarus L., are discussed with emphasis on morphological and behavioural differences. It was concluded that exposure to an artificial rearing environment during ontogeny can affect both the phenotype and the behaviour of the reared individuals, and thereby, their potential for survival after release into the wild as well. Suggestions are made as to how to diminish observed differences, and thereby, improve the survival potential.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

This article addresses the issue of credit risk in the salmon industry. During the period 2000–2002 the Norwegian salmon industry witnessed a period of low prices leading to a wave of defaults and bankruptcies. The consequences were large monetary losses for both investors and banks, highlighting the importance of early detection of failing firms. Using financial ratios measuring the firms’ financial status prior to this event, two credit risk models are developed; one using logit regression and the other Classification and Regression trees. The performance of the two models developed is compared to a cross-industry benchmark model developed by the Norwegian Central Bank. The model estimated on industry data is better at separating between companies with high and low credit risk in the salmon industry compared to the benchmark model.  相似文献   

17.
Book Reviews     
《Aquaculture Research》1989,20(3):337-341
Book reviewed in this articles:
Diadromy in Fishes. By R. M. M c D owall .
Salmon and Trout Farming. Edited by L indsay L aird & T ed N eedham .
Freshwater Crayfish: Biology, Management and Exploitation. Edited by D. M. H oldich & R. S. L owry .
Recent Advances in Aquaculture: Vol. 3. Edited by J. E. M uir & R. J. R oberts .
The Physiology of Elasmobranch Fishes. Edited by T revor J. S huttleworth .  相似文献   

18.
BOOK REVIEWS     
Book review in this article:
A Coded Checklist of Animals Occurring in Fresh Water in the British Isles , by P. S. Maitland
Disease Diagnosis and Control in North American Marine Aquaculture . Edited by Carl J. Sindermann.
Salmon Fisheries of Scotland , by Association of Scottish District Salmon Fishery Boards.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Despite a generally uniform federal support infrastructure, aquaculture development in individual states differs widely in the United States. Even among eastern coastal states with shared natural attributes, introduction of reared species and rates of development may differ noticeably. Aquaculture development reflects existing natural, human and physical capital resources and may be influenced by statutes, regulations and public support. One dimension of the existing and emerging industry support involves financial and development programs. This paper presents data on the structure and utilization of public financing programs and nonprofit economic development support by commercial marine and inland aquaculture enterprises in the United States and selected subdivisions. The research illustrates the scope and magnitude of public sector financial support in eight states; however, the costs and benefits of the public investment need to be carefully examined.  相似文献   

20.
To anticipate the response of fish populations to climate change, we developed a framework that integrates requirements in all life stages to assess impacts across the entire life cycle. The framework was applied on plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the North Sea, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Norwegian/Barents Seas and European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay. In each case study, we reviewed habitats required by each life stage, habitat availability, and connectivity between habitats. We then explored how these could be altered by climate change. We documented environmental processes impacting habitat availability and connectivity, providing an integrated view at the population level and in a spatial context of potential climate impacts. A key result was that climate‐driven changes in larval dispersion seem to be the major unknown. Our summary suggested that species with specific habitat requirements for spawning (herring) or nursery grounds (plaice) display bottlenecks in their life cycle. Among the species examined, anchovy could cope best with environmental variability. Plaice was considered to be least resilient to climate‐driven changes due to its strict connectivity between spawning and nursery grounds. For plaice in the North Sea, habitat availability was expected to reduce with climate change. For North Sea herring, Norwegian cod and Biscay anchovy, climate‐driven changes were expected to have contrasting impacts depending on the life stage. Our review highlights the need to integrate physiological and behavioural processes across the life cycle to project the response of specific populations to climate change.  相似文献   

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