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1.
R. H. Makundi 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):218-220
Abstract Knockdown, mortality and residual activity of pyrethrins and cyfluthrin were studied on the larger grain borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Pyrethrum marc with 0.4% pyrethrins and cyfluthrin dust (0.1% a.i.) when applied on filter paper at 0.72 mg/cm2 gave 98.6% and 100% knockdown (KD) respectively after 6 h. Cyfluthrin dust had a faster KD effect with 100% KD compared to 93.1% for pyrethrum marc, ½1/2>h after treatment. After 24 h there was no recovery from KD in both treatments. After 72 h, 23.2% of the LGB had recovered from KD while mortality was 76.8% in the pyrethrum marc treatment. After the same period, cyfluthrin resulted in 100% mortality. Mortality of P. truncatus exposed to different dosages of cyfluthrin dust in shelled maize was less than 100% at dosages lower than 1 part per million (ppm) but was 100% at 1 ppm and higher dosages 3 days after treatment. Progeny emergence was suppressed at all dosage levels above 0.25 ppm compared to a mean progeny of 68.8 in the check after 45 days. Cyfluthrin dust was more residually toxic at 0.5 ppm and higher dosages, with mortality of >90% at 5 months after treatment. This suggests that cyfluthrin dust at 0.1% a.i. mixed with shelled maize at 1 ppm will give protection and control of LGB infestation. 相似文献
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以豌豆为试材,采用6种不同微波处理(100W10s,200W10s,300W10s,100W30s,200W30s,300W30s),以未经微波处理者为对照,研究微波处理对种子发芽率和芽长,芽苗中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性蛋白质、还原糖和总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明:微波100W10s处理下豌豆的发芽率(Germination Rate,GR)比对照高10.0%,但微波300W30s处理比对照低19.67%。培养7d,微波300W30s处理下的最终发芽率最低(Final Germination Rate,FGR),比对照低21.67%。微波200W10s处理的豌豆芽长比对照高12.31%。发芽3 d时,微波300W30s处理的芽苗中的蛋白质含量和CAT活性均最高,分别为15.47 mg·100mg~(-1)和1.23 mg H_2O_2·g~(-1)FW·min-1。微波200W30s处理,芽苗中总黄酮含量最高,达1.48 mg·100mg~(-1),而300W10s处理的含量最低,为0.96 mg·100mg~(-1)。微波处理300W10s时还原糖含量最高,达10.11 mg·100mg~(-1)。微波处理对豌豆的萌发和芽长有一定影响,对芽苗中CAT的活性及可溶性蛋白质、还原糖和总黄酮含量的影响显著。 相似文献
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The biological activity of camphor, a major component of essential oil of the basil shrub, Ocimum kilimandscharicum, against the beetles, Sitophilus granarius, S. zeamais, Tribolium castaneum and Prostephanus truncatus, was investigated in the laboratory using contact toxicity, grain treatment and repellency assays. Camphor applied either topically, impregnated on filter papers or whole wheat and maize grains was highly toxic to all the four species. Beetle mortality was dosage-dependent with the highest doses of 100 mg/ filter paper and 100 mug/insect evoking over 93% and 100% mortalities, respectively, in S. granarius, S. zeamais and P. truncatus after 24 h exposure. Similar doses induced 70% and 100% mortality in T. castaneum. Camphor impregnated on the grain surface was more effective than on filter paper. There was, however, highly significant reduction in toxicity in grain after only 24 h following treatment. Development of eggs and immature stages within grain kernels, as well as progeny emergence, was completely inhibited in camphor-treated grain. Camphor was also highly repellent to the beetles with overall repellency in the range of 80 - 100%. The potential use of suitable products derived from O. kilimandscharicum as supplementary or alternative grain protectants against insect damage in traditional grain storage in developing countries is discussed. 相似文献
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柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是黄龙病的传播媒介,快速、有效防治这种害虫是综合防控黄龙病的关键。目前,其防治措施主要依赖化学农药。为了了解化学农药对柑橘木虱的田间防治效果,本文以广东省博罗县柑橘木虱田间种群为测试对象,以华南农业大学昆虫生态研究室饲养的种群为敏感对照,室内测定了13种常用药剂推荐浓度对柑橘木虱的防治效果。结果表明,24 h后77.5%敌敌畏EC和5%啶虫脒EC对田间种群的效果最好,柑橘木虱死亡率分别为93.3%和90%,48 h后两种药剂处理的死亡率已达100%;48 h后,350 g/L吡虫啉SC处理的死亡率也达93.3%;72 h后,20%丁硫克百威EC、30%噻虫嗪SC、12%高氯·毒死蜱EC、45%毒死蜱EC、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW处理的死亡率也达90%以上。两个种群相比,所有药剂在相同时间对敏感种群的防治效果都高于田间种群。其中,用20%甲氰菊酯EC、30%噻虫嗪SC、45%毒死蜱EC、25 g/L联苯菊酯EC、99%矿物油EC等5种药剂处理,24 h后田间种群的校正死亡率显著低于敏感种群;48 h后除上述药剂外,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯ME处理的校正死亡率也显著低于敏感种群。72 h后,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯ME、25 g/L联苯菊酯EC、99%矿物油EC处理的校正死亡率依然显著低于敏感种群。说明田间种群对以上药剂的敏感性有不同程度的下降。此外发现,采用此测定方法22.4%螺虫乙酯SC对田间种群和敏感种群的防治效果均不理想。 相似文献
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室内测定了嗜菌异小杆线虫沧州品系在不同侵染剂量、不同环境温度及不同土壤湿度条件下对暗黑鳃金龟幼虫的致病力。结果表明,幼虫的死亡率随线虫施用剂量和处理时间的增长而升高,其中侵染期线虫剂量为400、250、200条/mL时,幼虫死亡率分别在处理后72、96 h和120 h达到100%;30℃和25℃是该线虫侵染的最佳温度,幼虫死亡率分别在处理后48 h和96 h达到100%;土壤湿度为14%和17%时,幼虫死亡率分别在96 h和120 h达到100%。 相似文献
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Abstract The adult mortality of Callosobruchus chinensis L. was 100% within 24 h after artificially infesting seeds pretreated with inert clay and stored for 12 months under ambient conditions. Pre‐treatment with thiram and delsan‐30 (TCMTB) were also effective in controlling the adults by impairing oviposition. The seeds maintained over 80% germination up to 12 months of storage under all the treatments. 相似文献
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以地丁草的全草为试材,在室内测定了不同提取方法和不同溶剂提取的地丁草提取物对桃蚜的生物活性。结果表明:不同提取方法和不同溶剂的提取物对桃蚜的毒力有显著差异。组合中以石油醚为溶剂的地丁草索氏提取物对桃蚜触杀活性最高,在浓度为100 g/L时,12、24、48 h的校正死亡率分别达80.00%、96.67%、98.33%,24 h的致死中浓度LC50达22.50 g/L;忌避作用试验表明,处理24、48、72 h后,地丁草索氏提取物对桃蚜的忌避率分别为88.75%、83.33%、83.33%。表明以石油醚为溶剂的地丁草索氏提取物对桃蚜有较高的触杀和忌避活性。 相似文献
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Eggs 0–24, 24–48 and 48–72 h old, were irradiated at doses between 1 and 40 krad in a60Co source. The doses required to induce complete mortality in the three age groups were 5, 18 and 40 krad, respectively. In eggs 48-72 h old, irradiation with 10 krad reduced the number of developing adults to about 50% of that of the control; only after a dose of 35 krad did no adults develop. 相似文献
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采用叶片浸渍法和紫外分光光度法研究了锡兰肉桂Cinnamomum zexlanicum Nees丙酮提取物对棉铃虫Heliothis armigera (Hübner)的毒力及其代谢酶活性的影响，旨在为进一步深入了解锡兰肉桂的杀虫活性
及其在有害生物防治中的开发应用提供理论依据。试验结果表明，锡兰肉桂丙酮提取物对棉铃虫具有较强的毒杀作用，处理后72 h的LC50和LC95值分别为5.16 mg/mL和27.26 mg/mL，其13.33 mg/mL对棉铃虫的48 h和72 h校正死亡率分别为69.8%和80.2%，其6.67 mg/mL对棉铃虫的72 h校正死亡率为64.0%。锡兰肉桂丙酮提取物对棉铃虫酯酶、羧酸酯酶、酸性磷酸酯酶和碱性磷酸酯酶均具有明显的抑制作用，作用大小随处理浓度增加而增强。 相似文献
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采用提取、萃取及柱层析等方法,从山蒟Piper hancei Maxim甲醇提取物的石油醚和氯仿萃取相中分离到6个脂肪链酰胺类化合物,通过核磁共振、质谱并结合相关文献比对,其结构被分别鉴定为已知化合物chingchengenamide A( C1 )、N-异丁基-反-2-反-4-癸二烯酰胺( C2 )、假荜拨酰胺A( C3 )、荜茇宁( C4 )、N-p-香豆酰酪胺( C5 )和N-反式-阿魏酰酪胺( C6 ),其中 C1 为首次从山蒟中获得。利用幼虫浸液法测试了各化合物对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus幼虫的12 h杀虫活性。结果表明:在20 mg/L下,化合物 C1 对白纹伊蚊的杀虫活性较高,其校正死亡率为100%,LC50值为5.37 mg/L;化合物 C1 、 C2 、 C3 和 C4 对致倦库蚊的杀虫活性较高,20 mg/L下的校正死亡率分别为100%、88.5%、100%和100%,LC50值分别为1.03、9.68、3.08和2.87 mg/L。 相似文献
14.
夹竹桃叶提取物对福寿螺的杀螺活性 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
从夹竹桃叶中筛选杀灭福寿螺的活性成分。采用浸渍法研究了夹竹桃叶的乙醇粗提物和组分Ⅰ对不同日龄福寿螺的毒杀和抑制作用。结果表明:组分Ⅰ浸渍10、30和50日龄螺6 h的LC50值分别为2.86、5.87 和8.68 mg/L;浸渍24 h的LC50值分别为0.98、2.31和 3.16 mg/L,其中2 mg/L的组分Ⅰ浸渍10日龄螺24 h的死亡率为100%。乙醇粗提物对福寿螺的毒杀效果较差,用其100 mg/L浸渍10日龄和30日龄螺72 h的死亡率均为100%,浸渍50日龄螺120 h时,死亡率100%时的质量浓度达到200 mg/L。但乙醇粗提物和组分Ⅰ各浓度对福寿螺的活动均无抑制作用,反而有促进其上爬的作用。 相似文献
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A laboratory study was undertaken to determine the persistence and efficacy of spinosad against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in wheat stored for 9 months at 30 degrees C and 55 and 70% relative humidity. The aim was to investigate the potential of spinosad for protecting wheat from R. dominica during long-term storage in warm climates. Wheat was treated with spinosad at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg kg(-1) grain and sampled after 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5 and 9 months of storage for bioassays and residue analyses. Residues were estimated to have declined by 30% during 9 months of storage at 30 degrees C and there was no effect of relative humidity. Spinosad applied at 0.5 or 1 mg kg(-1) was completely effective for 9 months, with 100% adult mortality after 14 days of exposure and no live F1 adults produced. Adult mortality was <100% in some samples of wheat treated with 0.1 mg kg(-1) of spinosad, and live progeny were produced in all samples treated at this level. The results show that spinosad is likely to be an effective grain protectant against R. dominica in wheat stored in warm climates. 相似文献
16.
Alvin R. Womac Joseph E. Mulrooney William P. Scott Julius R. Williford 《Pest management science》1994,40(1):77-83
Sprays of bifenthrin and paraffinic oil mixtures were applied to cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to investigate droplet size effects on the mortality of Heliothis virescens (F.). An air-assisted nozzle applied mixtures at 9.4 litre ha ?1 spray rate with volume median diameters (VMD) of 96 and 337 μm, as verified with a Malvern laser diffraction analyzer. An hour after spraying, susceptible 3rd-instars walked for 2-min through wet droplets of spray mixtures applied at bifenthrin rates of 22, 45, 67, 90. and 112 g a.i. ha ?1. Mortality was assessed at 21, 26, 45, 50, 74, and 117h after exposure. Final mean mortality was affected (P =0.01) by bifenthrin rate and droplet size. Bifenthrin applied in 337 μm VMD droplets caused 75.8% mortality, whereas 96-μm VMD droplets resulted in a mortality of 67.9%. Also, the 337 μm VMD droplets killed larvae in 13% less time than the 96μm VMD droplets, based on analysis (P =0.01) using the mean elapsed time till death as the dependent factor. 相似文献
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Kathleen M. Delate J. Kenneth Grace John W. Armstrong Carrie H. M. Tome 《Pest management science》1995,44(4):357-361
Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were exposed to ? 95% or 50% carbon dioxide atmospheres for intervals of 24-120 h at 26(±3)°C. A 24-h exposure to ? 95% carbon dioxide caused significant termite mortality, but 60 h were required for complete mortality. Exposure to 50% carbon dioxide for 60 h resulted in approximately 70% termite mortality, while complete mortality was recorded after 120 h. When termites were sealed in wooden blocks (90 × 90 × 152 mm), 72-96 h exposure to ? 95% carbon dioxide was necessary for complete control. A limited study with Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) suggested that this drywood termite is also susceptible to carbon dioxide fumigation, although slightly longer exposures may be required than with C. formosanus. Carbon dioxide-modified atmospheres are a viable alternative to conventional fumigants for vault fumigation of termite-infested materials, and may also be applicable to larger-scale fumigations to control structural pests. 相似文献
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Ultra-low volume (ULV) spray bioassays at droplet densities (20–80 drops cm?2) corresponding to field deposits were used to determine the efficacy of two acylurea insect growth regulators, teflubenzuron (‘Nomolt®’) and flufenoxuron (‘Cascade®’) against three different age groups of third-instar Spodoptera exempta and Spodoptera littoralis larvae. While no response (mortality and/or abnormal moulting with impaired ability to feed) was observed with one-day-old larvae until 48 h after treatment, two-day-old larvae showed some response (27–93% abnormal moulting and 3–10% mortality when larvae were sprayed; 80–100% abnormal moulting and up to 83% mortality when larvae and plants were sprayed) after 24 h and up to 100% mortality at 120 h. Studies with non-feeding, pre-moult larvae showed that cuticular uptake of acylureas was sufficient to affect an appreciable proportion of larvae after 24 h, with up to 100% mortality at 120 h. More detailed studies with pre-moult S. littoralis larvae showed that, while a few larvae which moulted between 1 and 5 h after treatment showed abnormal moulting to the L4 stage, a much larger proportion of larvae which moulted 6–20 h after treatment were affected. Previous studies with S. exempta have shown that different larval instars show similar levels of sensitivity to acylureas. The present work suggests that, while the age distribution within instars has little influence on the end-point mortality of acylureas, it can profoundly modify the speed of response, the majority of larvae within an instar being effectively controlled at the moult following treatment. The significance of these observations in relation to the crop protection activity of acylureas against field populations of Spodoptera larvae is discussed. 相似文献
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溴虫氟苯双酰胺是一种全新的双酰胺类杀虫剂,主要用于防治鳞翅目、鞘翅目、白蚁以及蚊蝇等害虫。为了明确溴虫氟苯双酰胺对小菜蛾的生物活性及解毒酶活性的影响,本研究选择氯虫苯甲酰胺为对照药剂,采用叶片药膜法测定了溴虫氟苯双酰胺对小菜蛾的生物活性,并测定了亚致死剂量(LC20、LC40)的溴虫氟苯双酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和羧酸酯酶活性的影响。结果表明,溴虫氟苯双酰胺与氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾的生物活性相当,两者对小菜蛾的LC50分别为0.042和0.056μg/mL。与氯虫苯甲酰胺相似,亚致死剂量的溴虫氟苯双酰胺能够诱导小菜蛾体内羧酸酯酶活性升高,但溴虫氟苯双酰胺对多功能氧化酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性没有显著影响。 相似文献
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Growth and physiological responses of Sporobolus robustus kunth seedlings to salt stress 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fatoumata Fall Diégane Diouf Dioumacor Fall Niokhor Bakhoum Babacar Thioye Aboubacry Kane 《Arid Land Research and Management》2017,31(1):46-56
Seedlings of S. robustus were exposed to increasing NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300?mM) for 50, 100, and 150 days, in greenhouse conditions. Total dry weight and salt tolerance index decreased gradually with increasing NaCl concentrations. The optimum growth of S. robustus (4.12 to 5.25?g?·?plant?1) was obtained between 0 and 150?mM at 150 days after salt stress. Foliar chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents increased with NaCl concentration at 50 days after treatment. There was no significant effect of salinity on chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents at 100 and 150 days after treatment. Higher Na contents were found in the shoots as compared to the roots. The Na content increased, while K decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations, suggesting competitive inhibition between absorptions of Na and K as a consequence, the K/Na ratios in shoots and roots decreased with increasing salinity. The proline contents in S. robustus were more pronounced at 300?mM (2.02?µmol/g), 250?mM (2.64?µmol/g), and 200?mM NaCl concentrations (2.98?µmol/g) for 50, 100, and 150 days, respectively, as compared to the treatment without added NaCl. Overall, S. robustus could be considered as salt tolerant on the basis of their performance in biomass production, accumulation of Na, similar foliar chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents, and accumulation of proline with increasing salinity. The potential ability of S. robustus to accumulate significant amounts of Na makes this halophyte promising as a desalinization tool of salted soils. 相似文献