共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)模拟辣椒连作自毒物质,选择凹土、牛粪、腐植酸为修复剂,采用BoxBehnken试验设计优化了复配参数,探讨了复配剂对辣椒DBP自毒作用的修复机理。结果显示,对DBP修复效果最好的复配剂为凹土20 g/kg+牛粪70 g/kg+腐植酸617 mg/kg,在此条件下,辣椒株高实测值与模型预测值相符。复配剂能显著增强辣椒根际土壤的脲酶、脱氢酶、蛋白酶和蔗糖酶活力,使辣椒根系受DBP毒害减轻,根系过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力增强,膜脂过氧化程度减弱,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低,根系活力提高。凹土复配剂对辣椒连作中DBP自毒作用有良好的修复作用。 相似文献
2.
水肥配合对夏玉米养分吸收及根系活性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究不同水肥条件对夏玉米养分吸收及根系活性的影响,解释水肥配合下夏玉米养分吸收规律和根系活跃吸收面积的变化特征。采用管栽试验,研究不同水肥条件对夏玉米不同生育期养分积累特征和根系吸收面积的影响。夏玉米干物质积累量与植株全量N、K的积累量变化趋势基本一致,植株内全量N、K积累量以拔节-大喇叭口阶段最多,P素积累主要集中于抽雄-成熟阶段。不同生育期根系活跃吸收面积与总吸收面积变化均呈单峰式曲线,峰值分别出现在大喇叭口期和抽雄期。在玉米生长季水肥充足条件下,根系活跃吸收面积对植物体内干物质和养分的积累起主导作用。施肥促进了根系活跃吸收能力,养分吸收积累量增多;生育期灌水也能促进根系生长和对养分的吸收。不同生育时期均以W2F1处理的干物质量和N、P、K积累量最高。 相似文献
3.
张掖市辣椒连作障碍逐年加重,根系分泌物自毒作用是引起辣椒连作障碍的一个重要因素。为克服辣椒连作障碍,以陇椒2号为试材,研究了辣椒根系分泌物对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的辣椒根系分泌物浸提液对辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生长均有一定的抑制作用,根系分泌物浸提液浓度为100 g/kg时对辣椒的生长抑制作用较弱,使辣椒种子的发芽率降低25.66个百分点,使辣椒幼苗的光合速率、蒸腾速率分别下降了0.97、0.25 μmol/(m·s);根系分泌物浸提液浓度为300 g/kg时对辣椒生长的抑制作用最强,使辣椒种子发芽率降低53.33个百分点,使辣椒幼苗的光合速率、蒸腾速率分别降低了3.19、1.35 μmol/(m·s)。可见,根系分泌物对辣椒的抑制作用与其浓度成正比关系。 相似文献
4.
5.
低钾胁迫下外源生长素对烟草根系生长及钾吸收的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
【目的】探明生长素参与低钾胁迫下植株根系的生长发育及吸钾机制,同时为提高植物体内钾素水平提供理论依据。【方法】采用室内水培法,以模式植物烟草为试验材料,通过设置2个钾浓度(5、0.15 mmol/L)和5个外源生长素(3–吲哚乙酸)浓度(0、5、10、20、40μmol/L),对植物根系生理特征、内源生长素浓度、钾素累积及钾吸收动力学和相关钾离子通道基因转录表达进行比较研究。【结果】1)与正常钾水平相比,在低钾胁迫条件下,植株地上部干重显著降低15.6%;根系扫描8项指标中,除根平均直径外,其余7项指标值均显著降低;ATPase活性显著降低43.3%;主根尖、侧根尖及叶片内源生长素浓度显著升高;钾吸收动力学参数Vmax、Km值分别显著降低了89.2%、99.6%;植株根系、叶片钾浓度分别显著降低了93.0%、62.2%;根系中内流型钾离子通道基因Ntkc1的表达量显著降低56%。2)添加外源生长素后,正常供钾植株的根系干物质重、根系活力、主根尖及侧根尖内源生长素浓度有增加的趋势,Vmax值和内流型钾离子通道基因NKT2、NtKC1的表达量明显增加;低钾条件下,植株表现出和正常供钾相似的规律,除此之外,低钾植株的根系生长得到明显改善,ATPase活性和地上地下部钾素浓度明显增加,外流型钾离子通道基因Ntork1的表达量明显降低。3)当添加生长素浓度为10μmol/L时,与未添加生长素相比,正常供钾植株的地上地下部干重显著增加了6.05%、8.54%;根体积及根系交叠数显著增加16.5%、23.2%;根系活力显著增加了298%;Vmax值显著增加了118%;低钾植株地上地下部干重与不添加相比显著提高了5.61%、28.6%;根系活力达到113μg/(g·h), FW,为无添加生长素时的3.3倍;根系ATPase活性相对增加了87.5%;根系钾浓度显著增加250%;钾离子通道基因NKT2在根系中表达量显著增加了7.04倍,Ntork1在根系及叶片中表达量显著降低了49.5%、72.5%。【结论】低钾胁迫影响烟草根系生长及植株对钾素的吸收累积,添加适当浓度外源生长素可改善植株根系生长发育状况,增加内流型钾离子通道基因NKT2、NtKC1的表达量,降低外流型钾离子通道基因Ntork1的表达量,且提高植株钾吸收动力学参数Vmax值、降低Km值,从而提高了植株对钾离子的吸收能力与亲和力,进而增加植株钾素浓度。 相似文献
6.
7.
万寿菊秸秆用于苹果连作土壤生物修复材料的潜力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]万寿菊秸秆具有抑制有害微生物的作用,而苹果产业的可持续发展受到连作障碍的严重制约。本文研究了利用万寿菊进行连作土壤生物消毒的效果,为万寿菊秸秆的有效利用和苹果连作障碍的生物防控寻找可行的方案。[方法]2017年以平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,以26年苹果树下棕壤为供试土壤进行了盆栽试验。设4个万寿菊秸秆粉加入量0、12、30、60 g/kg,与土壤混合,浇水,幼苗移栽之前用薄膜覆盖15天,揭开晾7天。同时,设置一组不添加万寿菊粉也不用薄膜覆盖的处理作为对照(CK)。在幼苗生长3个月后开始取植株样,每隔一个月取一次,共采集三次,同时采集土壤样品。测定了平邑甜茶幼苗生长指标、光合参数、根系呼吸速率、保护性酶活性及土壤微生物等相关指标。[结果]与不添加万寿菊粉处理(0 g/kg)相比,万寿菊粉不同添加量处理均能显著增加根系呼吸速率,提高根系保护性酶活性;提高了平邑甜茶幼苗叶片的光合参数,促进连作平邑甜茶幼苗生长;优化土壤微生物环境。综合各指标,以30 g/kg处理的效果最好,与不添加万寿菊粉处理相比,平邑甜茶幼苗的根系呼吸速率增加56.6%,根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别增加48.7%、113.5%、115.2%。株高、地径、地上部鲜重、叶片叶绿素含量分别增加183.3%、55.5%、221.5%和17.3%。净光合速率(Pn)提高了83.6%,水分利用效率(WUE)提高了57.1%。上述各指标均与0、12、60 g/kg处理差异显著。添加万寿菊秸秆粉处理土壤后,土壤细菌增加,真菌减少,12、30、60 g/kg添加量的土壤细菌/真菌比值分别为99.3、265.7、197.3,分别是不添加处理的1.4倍、3.7倍、2.7倍,处理间差异显著。土壤中的尖孢镰孢菌基因拷贝数均降低,分别比不添加万寿菊粉处理下降18.6%、57.1%、40.4%,处理间差异显著。T-RFLP结果表明,不添加万寿菊粉处理(0 g/kg)与添加12 g/kg处理的真菌群落结构相似,30 g/kg与60 g/kg添加量的真菌群落结构较为相似,均与CK有明显差异。万寿菊添加量60g/kg处理的各指标虽然优于对照,但不如添加量30 g/kg处理的。试验中发现连作土只覆膜处理虽然对各指标的改善有一定的作用,但效果不明显。[结论]在连作土壤上施用适宜量的万寿菊秸秆粉,能降低土壤尖孢镰孢菌的基因拷贝数,明显改变连作土壤的真菌群落结构,提高平邑甜茶幼苗根系的呼吸速率和保护性酶活性,促进幼苗的生长,提高幼苗的光合效率,有效缓解苹果连作障碍。因此,万寿菊秸秆粉是一种有效的连作土壤修复材料,其在生产实践中的适宜添加量需要进一步研究。 相似文献
8.
杉木根系对不同磷斑块浓度与异质分布的阶段性响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】对杉木根系在异质供磷(P)条件下的觅磷行为进行动态监测,探讨磷斑块的浓度与其异质分布对杉木根系觅磷行为的影响。【方法】以福建漳平五一国有林场的半同胞杉木家系为试验材料,利用垂直异质供磷装置,设置KH2PO4 0 mg/kg(缺磷,P0)、4 mg/kg(低磷,P4)、16 mg/kg(正常供磷,P16)和30 mg/kg(高磷,P30)4个磷浓度斑块,将其按照不同顺序垂直排列构建异质供磷处理。在生长50、100、150 d时,进行3次破坏性取样,测定不同阶段不同异质供磷处理下杉木根系形态、生物量及觅磷效率的变化,进行杉木根系生长及觅磷行为的动态观测。【结果】杉木根系表现出阶段性的觅磷策略: 1)当杉木根系处于表层缺磷或低磷斑块时,通过根系的增生向供磷量更高的斑块觅磷,根系增生促进了缺磷或低磷斑块根系的干物质积累,但其根系含磷量较低; 至处理中期,表层缺磷处理的根系从缺磷斑块生长至低磷斑块后,杉木根系受低磷胁迫持续大量增生; 而当表层低磷处理的根系从低磷斑块生长至高磷斑块后,根系在高磷斑块内大量增生,且促进了根系磷养分的吸收及干物质的积累; 处理末期,当高磷斑块置于最底层时,其斑块内的根系生长量、 干物质积累量及根系含磷量均明显较大。2)当杉木根系处在表层高磷斑块时,根系初期仅在供磷量较高的表层生长,其根系生长量与干物质积累量均低于表层供磷量较低的处理,但其根系含磷量却显著大于表层供磷量较低的处理; 处理中期及末期,表层的根系生长量、 干物质积累量及根系含磷量均显著大于其他层次,且表层充足供磷处理的根系向地生长速度最快。【结论】异质供磷条件下,当杉木根系处在缺磷或低磷斑块时,主要通过根系的大量增生来寻觅磷养分; 当杉木根系处在高磷斑块时,在初期致力于斑块磷养分的吸收之后,表层根系大量增生,且根系的磷养分吸收和干物质积累显著大于其他层次,同时提高根系向地生长速度。 相似文献
9.
磷肥对日光温室番茄磷营养和产量及土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
采用盆栽方法进行了不同施磷（P2O5）水平下,日光温室番茄产量、不同生育期番茄磷素分配、干物质积累、土壤速效磷含量和酶活性研究,并确定了适宜番茄生长的最佳施磷量与土壤速效磷含量。结果表明,随着磷肥施用量的增加,土壤速效磷含量及番茄各组织含磷量相应增加;当施用P2O5达到0.53 g/kg（处理5）,土壤速效磷含量在60～77 mg/kg时,较适宜番茄生长,番茄产量和单果重达最高,根系和茎叶干物质积累也达到最好水平。当施磷量超过0.53 g/kg时,造成土壤和植株磷累积过高,易引起土壤盐害,降低土壤酶活性,从而降低干物质积累和番茄产量,影响土壤的可持续利用。 相似文献
10.
为探究不同氮素水平下施加外源硅对辣椒幼苗生长、光合作用及氮代谢的影响,以辣椒品种“奥黛丽”为试材,采用基质栽培,设置3913.5(N1)、2236.5(N2)、1564.5(N3)、0(N4)kg/hm2 4个不同土壤氮素水平和0(S0)、1.5 mmol/L(S1)2个外源硅肥水平,两者完全随机组合,共8个处理,研究辣椒植株的生物量、根系形态、矿质元素含量、光合特性与氮代谢相关酶活性变化。结果表明:(1)辣椒植株鲜重量与干物质积累量均随基质氮素水平的降低逐渐增加,施硅处理均显著提高了各氮素水平下鲜重量与干物质积累量;(2)N2水平更有利于辣椒植株地上部、地下部氮、磷、钙元素的积累,较N1水平提高了6.03%～23.97%,施硅处理后,不同氮素水平下植株中大量元素含量均进一步提高,其中N2S1处理对植株大量元素吸收的促进效果最佳,较N2S0显著提高了8.13%～45.10%;(3)与其他水平相比,N2水平显著提高了辣椒叶片中光合色素含量,施硅处理均显著提高了不同氮素水平下辣椒叶片光合色素含量与光合能力,其中N2S1处理下叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量最高,分别为2.97、1.11和0.58 mg/g FW;(4)辣椒叶片中硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)的活性在N2水平下达最大值,与N1水平相比,GS、GOGAT活性分别显著提高了34.71%和19.87%,加硅后均显著提高了各氮素水平下叶片的氮代谢相关酶活性,其中N2S1处理较N2S0处理NR、GS和GOGAT酶活性提高了42.86%～80.47%。综上所述,氮肥减施40%更能促进辣椒幼苗的生物量累积、光合作用与氮代谢进程,配施1.5 mmol/L的外源硅后促进效果进一步提升。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献
20.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献