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1.
No information is available on the efficacy of various nonparametric stability parameters when compared with GGE biplot methodology
in assessing the stability of dry matter yield in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) when a small number of genotypes is assayed. This study was conducted to compare the results of four nonparametric
stability parameters developed by Huehn and Nassar (
, , , ), Kang’s rank-sum method and the GGE biplot method for five genotypes over 11 location–year environments at Oklahoma State
University experiment stations. Results from analysis of variance procedures indicated highly significant levels of genotype-by-environment
interaction (P < 0.01), which further indicated the need for stability analysis measures to be conducted. Results of the stability analysis
indicated agreement among , , Kang’s rank-sum method, and the biplot method for the stability rankings of the genotypes and between these methods and
the overall yield rankings of the genotypes. The and statistics were not in agreement with each other or any of the previously mentioned methods concerning the stability rankings
of the genotypes. From examination of the formulae for the nonparametric statistics it was concluded that, when a small number
of genotypes is assayed, the , , and statistics have the potential to be extremely sensitive and to produce misleading results. It was further concluded that
for assessment of small numbers of genotypes the GGE biplot stability analysis method, augmented with Kang’s rank-sum method,
would produce the most reliable estimates of genotype stability. 相似文献
2.
Dimitrios Baxevanos Christos Goulas Stergios Tzortzios Athanasios Mavromatis 《Euphytica》2008,161(3):371-382
Multi-environment trial data are required, to obtain variety stability performance parameters as selection tools for effective
cultivar evaluation. The interrelationship among seven stability parameters and their association with mean yield, along with
the repeatability of these parameters across consecutive years was the objective of this study. Cottonseed yield data of 31
cotton cultivars, proprietary of Delta and Pine Land Co and other companies, evaluated in 20 locations over the 1999–2005 year
period in Greece, Spain and Turkey were used for combined analysis of variance in four datasets. Across locations in a single
evaluation year (dataset A), across locations in each of two single consecutive evaluation year (dataset B), across locations
and two consecutive years (dataset C) and across locations and three consecutive years (dataset D). For each dataset, cultivar
phenotypic variance was appropriately partitioned in its components and the h2 and component estimated. Furthermore, following the appropriate stability analysis
and AMMI1 along with the GGE Biplot distance (GGED) and instability (GGEIN) parameters were obtained. The interrelationship
among the parameters and their association with mean yield based on Spearman rank correlation was studied in each of the seven
single evaluation years (dataset A). Rank correlation coefficients were also used as estimates of the repeatability of these
stability parameters across consecutive year combinations (dataset B, C and D). The parameters GGED and YSi were consistently highly correlated with each other and mean yield in five out of seven single evaluation years. The data
provided evidence that single year evaluation across locations might be sufficient to reliably rank cotton cultivars, based
on mean yield along with GGED and YSi. Combined analysis across two consecutive years (dataset C) was more effective as compared to single year evaluation. GGED
was relatively more repeatable than YSi and mean yield in single (dataset B) and 2-year comparisons (dataset C). Although GGED is an index depended and proportional
to yield, provides a superior way to integrate mean performance and stability into a single measure, which can be assessed
visually on biplots. Regarding the other stability parameters, the results were contradicting and of low repeatability across
single years and two consecutive years. Cultivar evaluation combined across locations in 3 years did not improve the repeatability
of cultivar variance effects but resulted in very high repeatability of GGED, YSi and mean yield. 相似文献
3.
To study the genetic variation, heritability and genetic correlations of some agro-morphological traits in tall fescue, 25
parents from a genetically broad-base germplasm were polycrossed and their respective half-sib families were generated. Clonally
propagated parents and their half-sib families were grown as spaced single plants using a randomized complete-block design
with three replications, and observed for seven traits in 2006 and 2007. The estimates of broad-sense heritability were moderate to high for the traits studied. Narrow-sense heritability estimates from analyses of progenies and from regression of half-sib (HS) progenies on parents suggested that genetic variation for these traits was largely controlled by additive gene action. Association of dry matter
yield (DMY) with plant height, number of fertile shoot, curbs width and spring growth was positive and significant. With the
exception of number of days to pollination, correlation coefficients of the traits between the parents and offspring were
not significant. Based on parent-offspring regression, genetic gain from selection for DMY was high, demonstrating genetic
potential for improving this trait. Overall, there was high genetic variation and moderate heritability for most traits in
the tall fescue populations evaluated. In conclusion, to improve herbage yield, selection would be more effective based on
forage yield components. 相似文献
4.
No information is available on the effects of different biomass yield environments on selection efficiency in switchgrass
(Panicum virgatum L.) breeding improvement. This study was conducted to assess the effects of high- and low-biomass yield environments (HYE
and LYE, respectively) on recurrent selection for general combining ability (RSGCA) in a lowland population of switchgrass
(NL-94). The top 14 of 65 NL-94 C0 parent plants were selected based on biomass yield of half-sib (HS) progeny tested for one post-establishment year under HYE
and LYE conditions. Nine of the 14 C0 parent plants were the same based on HS performance under HYE and LYE. Selected plants were intercrossed to produce NL-94
HYE and NL-94 LYE C1 populations. One hundred and twenty-five HS C1 progeny families (60 NL-94 HYE and 65 NL-94 LYE) were evaluated for biomass yield for 3 years (2002–2004) under HYE and LYE
conditions. The HYE produced about 2.5 times higher biomass yields than the LYE in both C0 and C1 HS progeny tests. Estimated additive genetic variance and predicted gains from selection (ΔG) were high in the C1 populations indicating that RSGCA should achieve higher biomass yields. Mean biomass yields of C1 HS families originating from the LYE protocol were significantly higher than those of families originating from the HYE protocol
in both HYE and LYE performance tests, suggesting greater selection response under LYE in the C0 population. The estimates of narrow-sense heritability (
) and ΔG from the C1 populations indicate that positive response to selection for biomass yield is possible in subsequent cycles of selection
under either HYE or LYE, with a possible small advantage for HYE. 相似文献
5.
6.
Nonparametric measures of phenotypic stability. Part 1: Theory 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Manfred Huehn 《Euphytica》1990,47(3):189-194
Summary For an estimation of phenotypic stability of genotypes grown in different environments three stability parameters have been proposed which are based upon the ranks of the genotypes in each environment: In a two-way table with K rows (genotypes) and N columns (environments) the original data xij (=phenotypic value of the i th genotype in the j th environment (i=1,2,...,K;j=1,2,...,N)) are transformed into ranks for each of the N environments separately. We denote: rij=rank of genotype i in environment j. Then, a genotype i may be considered to be stable over environments if its ranks are similar over environments (maximum stability = equal ranks over environments). Each statistic for the similarity of the ranks in each row = genotype may be used as a stability parameter. Three different measures are proposed and discussed.One of these nonparametric measures is defined as a ratio between variability of the rij's and mean of the rij's and, therefore, it represents a confounding and simultaneous consideration of stability and yield.Differences among genotypes have an effect on the stability measures and may lead to differences in stability among genotypes when in fact there is no genotype-environment interaction. To avoid this ambiguity one may correct the xij values for the genotypic effects and the nonparametric measures may be computed using the ranks based on the corrected values xij
*=xij–(\-xi.–\-x..)where \-xi.=marginal mean of genotype i and \-x\2=overall mean.Finally, approximate tests of significance based on the normal distribution are discussed for the two nonparametric measures mean absolute rank difference and variance of the ranks for 1) testing the stability of a certain genotype and 2) comparing the stabilities of different genotypes. 相似文献
7.
By using two tomato genotypes, 227/1 (Fe chlorosis susceptible) and Roza (Fe chlorosis tolerant), and their reciprocal F1, F2 and BC1 generations, the inheritance of tolerance to leaf Fe deficiency chlorosis of Roza was studied. Plants were grown in a nutrient solution and subjected to 2.0 × 10–6 M Fe EDDHA and 10 mM NaHCO3 to induce Fe deficiency stress by stabilization of pH to 7.8–8.2. A rating scale of 1–3 for chlorophyll was used and both monogenic and polygenic inheritance hypotheses were tested. Better responses to Fe deficiency, as measured by SPAD meter values, were obtained from the cross Roza × 227/1 than from the reciprocal cross. Data from F2 and BC1 suggest Fe chlorosis tolerance of Roza is to be controlled by polygenic loci with a relatively high additive effect. 相似文献
8.
Summary No antagonistic or synergistic interaction was found between isolates of Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus and Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli when inoculated to the same plant. A single dominant gene was suggested to control resistance to three isolates of rust in the crosses Pompadour Checa × Chichara and Pompadour Checa × NE W-4. A two-gene model was confirmed for the reaction to the three rust isolates for the crosses Pompadour Checa × GN Tara and Pompadour Checa × San Cristobal; a dominant (Ur
p) gene determined resistance and was epistastic to a dominant gene (Ur
t) for susceptibility. (Ur
t) was expressed only in the presence of recessive (ur
p) alleles. The reaction to common bacterial blight was quantitatively inherited and an association was detected with plant habit but not with rust reaction and leaf variegation. Plants with leaf variegation and crippled growth, were detected in the progeny of the cross Pompadour Checa × GN Tara and were controlled by duplicate recessive genes (mutatorunstable genes) and three genes, acting additively, respectively. The developmental expression of the latter trait varied considerably. Linkage was detected between genes controlling the variegated and the crippling traits.Published as Paper No. 7839, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Research was conducted under project No. 20-036. 相似文献
9.
Summary OSU 5062, a green bean line with a tendency for pods to become creasebacked (wider than deep) in cross-section, was crossed to near-round-podded cultivars Oregon 83 and Slenderette, oval-podded Bountiful, and flat-podded Roma, to further clarify the inheritance of pod cross-section. Differences among generations in pod cross-section index (PCS), calculated as pod width/depth, were small in the near-round x creaseback crosses (1.07 and 1.01 for Oregon 83 and Slenderette versus 1.20 for OSU 5062). Bountiful (0.63) and Roma (0.50) differed to a greater extent from 5062. Generation means of individual plant PCS of the F1 and F2 were almost identical, were almost exactly intermediate between parents, and strongly supported additive inheritance. Backcross data generally supported additive inheritance, but in some cases indicated degrees of dominance of higher PCS. A generation means analysis indicated additive gene action, but deviations from an additive-dominance model were significant in each cross. 相似文献
10.
Summary Karyotypes, chromosome association and pollen fertility of aneuploid varieties (2n=25), Ochibagoromo, Matsusakatsukasa and Isehomare in Iris ensata were analysed and compared with those of eu-diploid varieties (2n=24), Shishinden, Kachô and Asahimaru. The somatic chromosome complement of the aneuploid varieties consisted of 11 pairs and 3 singles of chromosomes and that of the eu-diploid varieties 12 pairs of chromosomes. The singles of chromosomes in the aneuploid varieties had similarity with one another and with a pair of chromosomes in the eu-diploid varieties. The high frequency of normal association was present in the eu-diploid varieties, and this indicated that 12 pairs of chromosomes had full homology between each other. In contrast, the mean chromosome association per cell in an aneuploid variety Ochibagoromo was 4.615I+10.067II+0.077III+0.005IV, indicating that the chromosome complement of this variety consisted of 11 pairs and 3 singles and that these singles had partial homology among them. The eu-diploid varieties exhibited high pollen fertility due to their regularity of chromosome association; the aneuploid varieties considerably lower fertility, i.e. 28.2% for Ochibagoromo, 31.8% for Isehomare and 43.8% for Matsusakatsukasa. The primary cause for the low fertility of these varieties seemes to be the partial homology among 3 single chromosomes. Finally, the origin and the development of the aneuploid varieties were discussed. 相似文献
11.
Summary The cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile line, Krishna-A with Kalinga-I cytoplasm was developed in rice through repeated backcrossing the completely pollen sterile F1 of the cross Kalinga-I/Krishna with the recurrent male parent cv. Krishna. The germination percentage and root-shoot length in Krishna-A at 12°C and 9°C indicated a higher degree of tolerance to low temperature than the cold tolerant female parent Kalinga-I. The high yielding cold tolerant variety Kalinga-I was developed from a cross involving the cold tolerant variety Dunghansali and the high yielding variety IR 8. It is inferred that tolerance to low temperature during germination in Krishna-A was inherited from the cytoplasm of cv. Dunghansali through Kalinga-I besides male sterility. The cytoplasmic control of cold tolerance is reported here for the first time in rice literature. The male sterile line Krishna-A because of its tolerance to low temperature would be suitable for the development of hybrid rice especially for areas where low temperature is a problem during germination. 相似文献
12.
Summary Genetic analysis of cytoplasmic male sterility systems in sorghum was undertaken by evaluating a set of 25 A×B crosses and another set of 171 A×R crosses. Male steriles included diverse sources reported from U.S.A. and India. Fertility restoration in crosses was assessed by studying pollen sterility under microscope and seed setting under selfed earheads. Male fertility restorers are identified for diverse cytoplasms. Accordingly the diverse cytoplasms are grouped and listed in the increasing order of their sterility as A1 & CK 60A A2 A4 M31-2A & M35-1A (A4
tentative) A3 & VZM2A G1A (A5 tentative) and consequently fertility restoration also becomes difficult in the same order for utilization in the breeding programmes. Among the non-milo cytoplasms, A2 among exotics and maldandi (M31-2A and M35-1A) among Indian sources, can be utilised for practical exploitation in breeding programmes. 相似文献
13.
Summary Seedcoat colour in greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.) is a useful marker for genetic studies and varietal identification. Its mode of inheritance was examined in five crosses among nine parents which differed for seedcoat colour. Four of the parents had sap green seedcoat colour while the others had raw sienna, brownish green, densely black spotted, black and greenish yellow seedcoat colour, respectively. At the F2 generation, no more than 20 different colour classes were observed. The segregation in F3 and backcross generations indicated that at least five major genes were involved in seedcoat colour inheritance. Sap green seemed to be dominant over raw sienna. The segregation ratios further indicated the role of non-allelic gene interactions (epistasis) in inheritance of seedcoat colour. Gene symbols were assigned to each colour and genotypes to each parent. 相似文献
14.
Inheritance of aroma in rice 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Summary Inheritance of an aroma was worked out in crosses between Brimful from Nepal as an aromatic rice and leading Japanese varieties Koshihikari and Nipponbare as non-aromatic ones. The F2 pattern of segregation for aroma to non-aroma was 3:13 indicating one dose gene for aroma and one dose inhibitor gene in two crosses. This ratio was confirmed by genetic behavior of F3 populations. 相似文献
15.
Yoshio Yoshida 《Euphytica》1962,11(1):95-111
Radiation breeding for the introduction of additional desirable characters into improved varieties in autogamous plants, especially in cereals, would be much more feasible if more efficient screening methods could be found. Such methods are proposed in this report. From the standpoint of the theory of probability, it is intended to establish effective screening methods by which a desirable X2 mutant can be detected in a minimum total of X2-plants, and/or X1- and X2-plants in the aggregate.The relative efficiencies of four new methods and the standard method are compared, the improved ear-to-row method (method B), the one-plant-one-grain method (method C), the one-plant-two-grain method (method D) and one-plant-three-grain method (method E) all of which are more effective than the conventional ear-to-row method (method A). In method B, the total number of X2-plants required to recover at least one desirable X2-plant is obtained when the probability of detecting at least one X2-line with one or more desirable mutants among X2-lines is equal to the probability of detecting at least one desirable mutant among plants in that X2-line. In methods C, D and E, one, two or three grains respectively, taken from each of the X1-plants of the number required to detect at least one desirable X2-plant, are sown to obtain corresponding X2-plants.The number of X1-plants, total X2-plants, and X1- and X2-plants in the aggregate required to obtain at least one desirable mutant (m, mn and m+mn respectively) shows the following relations: method C>D>A>E>B for m, ABED>D>C for mn and ABC>D>E (the last two being very close to each other) for m+mn.Each of the new methods B, C, D and E will be applicable in radiation breeding. When the discrimination of a mutant is difficult method B will be useful. On the contrary, when a mutant is easily distinguishable, method C, with dense planting in X1, will frequently be much better. In some cases methods D and E, especially D, will be more useful in the practice of radiation breeding than method C. Method A should not be used in any case. 相似文献
16.
Summary Two wheat cultivars that consistently show high levels of grain -amylase at harvest ripeness, in the absence of preharvest sprouting, were crossed with a control, low -amylase cultivar, and F1, F2 and BC1 populations were developed. Grain of these populations was analysed for -amylase activity at harvest ripeness. Distribution and segregation patterns were consistent with control at a single locus with high -amylase the recessive allele. This mode of inheritance would make it extremely difficult to differentiate homozygous low -amylase lines from heterozygotes (low -amylase phenotype but carriers of high -amylase) and has important implications for wheat breeders. High -amylase, termed late maturity -amylase, was not linked with the awned inhibitor gene, B2, located on the long arm of chromsome 6B. 相似文献
17.
Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is a standard method for estimating random effects of a mixed model. This method was originally developed in animal breeding for estimation of breeding values and is now widely used in many areas of research. It does not, however, seem to have gained the same popularity in plant breeding and variety testing as it has in animal breeding. In plants, application of mixed models with random genetic effects has up until recently been mainly restricted to the estimation of genetic and non-genetic components of variance, whereas estimation of genotypic values is mostly based on a model with fixed effects. This paper reviews recent developments in the application of BLUP in plant breeding and variety testing. These include the use of pedigree information to model and exploit genetic correlation among relatives and the use of flexible variance–covariance structures for genotype-by-environment interaction. We demonstrate that BLUP has good predictive accuracy compared to other procedures. While pedigree information is often included via the so-called numerator relationship matrix $({\user2{A}})Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is a standard method for estimating random effects of a mixed model. This method was
originally developed in animal breeding for estimation of breeding values and is now widely used in many areas of research.
It does not, however, seem to have gained the same popularity in plant breeding and variety testing as it has in animal breeding.
In plants, application of mixed models with random genetic effects has up until recently been mainly restricted to the estimation
of genetic and non-genetic components of variance, whereas estimation of genotypic values is mostly based on a model with
fixed effects. This paper reviews recent developments in the application of BLUP in plant breeding and variety testing. These
include the use of pedigree information to model and exploit genetic correlation among relatives and the use of flexible variance–covariance
structures for genotype-by-environment interaction. We demonstrate that BLUP has good predictive accuracy compared to other
procedures. While pedigree information is often included via the so-called numerator relationship matrix , we stress that it is frequently straightforward to exploit the same information by a simple mixed model without explicit
reference to the -matrix.
This paper is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Wolfgang K?hler (University of Giessen, Germany) on the occasion of his 65th birthday. 相似文献
18.
Detection and inheritance of a stylar protein associated with a self-incompatibility genotype of Japanese pear 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Shin Hiratsuka 《Euphytica》1992,61(1):55-59
Summary Stylar proteins in 6 cultivars of Japanese pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) with different self-incompatibility alleles were examined by isoelectricfocusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF-PAGE). Cultivars used involved 1 self-compatible mutant Osa-Nijisseiki obtained from Nijisseiki (S2S4). Banding patterns of proteins were almost the same among the 6 cultivars except for 3 bands; one of which associated clearly with self-incompatibility S2-allele (hereafter the protein referred to as S2-protein) and was easily detectable because of its large amount and its pI value differed from many other proteins. Two other bands were seemingly associated with S3- and S4-alleles, respectively. The S2-protein was apparently present in the styles of Osa-Nijisseiki.The inheritance of S2-protein was studied by using 15 selfed plants of Osa-Nijisseiki. Eight out of 15 plants possessed the S2-protein as a major component of the stylar proteins and 3 plants as a minor component. The remainder 4 plants did not have the protein. This result may support that the S2-protein is the actual S2-gene product.Abbreviations IEF-PAGE
isoelectrifocusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- CBB
Coomassie Brilliant Blue 相似文献
19.
Summary Host plant genetics of N2 fixation in the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) — Rhizobium symbiosis was investigated in the field with a mixed strain inoculum and in the greenhouse with a single strain inoculum. Five cowpea genotypes, including H-Brown Crowder and L-Bush Purple Hull, were used to generate populations for genetic studies. Diallel analysis for general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects was carried out for the N2 fixation variables nitrogenase activity, nodule number, nodule weight, and top dry weight, in the field study. Generation mean analysis and heritability estimates were performed on the greenhouse population which included P1 (H-Brown Crowder), P2 (L-Bush Purple Hull), F1, F1. F2, BC1, and BC2. Positive and significant correlations were observed between nitrogenase activity and both nodule weight and nodule number. Correlation coefficients between top dry weight and the other 3 variables were not significant. Estimates of SCA were highly significant for all variables except top dry weight, while those of GCA were significant only for nodule weight. Generation mean analysis revealed that additive gene action was more prominent than dominance and interallelic gene action for nodule number and nitrogenase activity, while the opposite was true for nodule weight and top dry weight. Narrow sense heritability estimates were moderately high for nodule number (0.55) and nitrogenase activity (0.62), and low for nodule weight (0.39) and top dry weight (0.17).Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Article 20385. Research supported in part by a grant under USAID PASA AG/TAB 610-9-76 (USDA-CSRS-701-15-59). 相似文献
20.
Summary F1 hybrids between short-day photoperiod- sensitive maiwa bulrush millet, Pennisetum americanum (2n=14), and elephant grass, P. purpureum (2n=28), are triploid (2n=21), sterile, and can only be propagated vegetatively. Fertile amphidiploids, (2n=42, with 21 bivalents) were produced by colchicine treatment. Good seed set was obtained upon selfing the amphidiploids and the progeny exhibited variable pollen fertility and bivalent univalent and multivalent formation.Reciprocal crosses between elephant grass and the colchicine-induced amphidiploid failed to produce seeds. The maiwa millet x amphidiploid cross resulted in poor seed set and the reciprocal failed. Maiwa x amphidiploid hybrids were pollen sterile with 2n=21, rather than the expected 2n=28, indicating chromosome elimination.Morphologically, the amphidiploids and maiwa x amphidiploid hybrids closely resembled elephant grass and the F1 hybrid. The amphidiploids showed no superiority over the F1 hybrid and elephant grass in either forage yield or quality but one maiwa x amphidiploid genotype surpassed a promising local elephant grass selection in forage dry matter yield and flowered for a relatively short period. 相似文献