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1.
目前．从事金枪鱼养殖的主要国家有日本的太平洋金枪鱼（Thunnus thynnus orientalis）完全养殖．地中海的西班牙、土耳其、马耳他、克罗地亚、意大利、摩洛哥等的大西洋金枪鱼（Thunnus atlanticus）蓄养，澳大利亚的马苏金枪鱼（Thunnus maccoyii）蓄养。 相似文献
2.
我国发展金枪鱼围网渔业的前景 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
金枪鱼类因营养价值高而倍受发达国家消费者的喜爱,又因为是大洋性高度洄游鱼类,资源量相对稳定,所以成为远洋渔业国家争夺的目标。金枪鱼类包括13个种,隶属于4个属:金枪鱼属(Thunnus)、鲔属(Euthynnus)、鲣属(Katsuwonus)和舵鲣属(Auxis)。其中最有经济价值而且市场供应量大的有6种:鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)、黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)、金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus)、长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)、马苏金枪鱼(Thunnus maccoyii)和肥壮金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)。以金枪鱼类为捕捞对象的金枪鱼渔业作业方式有围网、延绳钓、曳绳钓、竿钓以及流网等,现在一般采用延绳钓和围网两种。金枪鱼围网的捕捞对象主要是鲣鱼和体型较小的黄鳍金枪鱼,主要用来制作金枪鱼罐头。 相似文献
3.
金枪鱼类(tunas,bon itas,b illfish)是大洋暖水性洄游鱼类,其种类繁多,分布广泛,是许多国家的重要捕捞对象,主要经济种类包括黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)、大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)、长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)、蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus)和鲣鱼(Ka tsuwonus pelam is)等。但近年来,过度捕捞、气候因素影响导致部分种类资源出现相对萎缩现象,因此,出现了许多相关组织,如中西太平洋金枪鱼协会、美洲间热带金枪鱼组织等,对金枪鱼资源进行了系统调查分析,提出了一系列的保护措施。根据中西太平洋协会(WCPFO)2004年年报将太平… 相似文献
4.
探讨细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(COⅠ)、细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)及16S rRNA基因对主要渔获区的蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus)、马苏金枪鱼(Thunnus maccoyii)、黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)、大目金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)、长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)和正鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis) 6种重要的生食金枪鱼及其易混品种的物种鉴定和进化分析的适用性。采用3对通用引物对6种金枪鱼共63个样品的COⅠ、Cyt b和16S rRNA 3种序列片段进行PCR扩增、测序,并运用DnaSP 5.10、Mega 7.0等软件进行了DNA序列分析、遗传差异分析和进化树分析。结果显示,16S rRNA较为保守,不能很好区分6种金枪鱼,且不能对同一物种不同地理群体进行聚类分析;Cyt b和COⅠ配合使用能很好区分6种金枪鱼,且存在一定同一物种地理群体聚类的趋势。建议COⅠ与Cyt b基因联合用于上述6种金枪鱼的分子鉴别研究。本研究为生食金枪鱼及其制品的物种鉴定及金枪鱼产业的健康发展提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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众所周知,金枪鱼类是世界上高档的水产品,在市场上价格昂贵且利润丰厚,所以对其捕捞者趋之若鹜,从而导致金枪鱼类资源量逐年下降。从80年代开始了金枪鱼的养殖(蓄养)业,近年对该鱼的养殖业开展的如火如荼。2004年,澳大利亚、日本、墨西哥及地中海沿岸国家的养殖总产量为32,570t,专家估计2005年的产量为32,500t左右。当今养殖的品种为蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus)、麦氏金枪鱼(Thunnus maccovii)、黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnusalbacares)三种。 相似文献
7.
根据印度洋金枪鱼管理委员会IOTC的金枪鱼生产数据库,对1967-2004年间印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要渔获种类的产量按年进行汇总和基于5度格网进行了空间上的统计,采用GIS软件制作了印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要渔获种类的捕捞产量的地理空间分布图,分析了其资源的空间分布特征。分析结果表明,大眼金枪鱼Thunnus obesus、黄鳍金枪鱼Thunnus albacares、长鳍金枪鱼Thun-nus alalunga和剑鱼Xiphias gladius是印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓的主要渔获种类,其产量之和占到总产量的90%,这4种印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓的主要渔获种类从1967-2004年的产量均呈上升趋势,但产量的峰谷变化各不相同;空间分布特征研究表明,尽管在印度洋海域分布范围广泛,但产量丰沛的区域存在明显差异。 相似文献
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金枪鱼外海养殖半潜水船 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前国际间蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus)养殖因受鱼苗来源的限制，该种养殖并不普遍。网箱养殖蓝鳍金枪鱼的鱼苗，有来自人工繁殖和野生捕捞幼鱼两种。使用野生蓝鳍金枪鱼养殖对海洋总体的金枪鱼资源增加是否有帮助，国际上有不同的意见与争论。 相似文献
10.
中东太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔获物组成分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
根据2000年9月至2002年8月两年的中东太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓探捕调查结果,对延绳钓渔获物组成进行了初步分析。结果显示,延绳钓的主要渔获种类有肥壮金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)和黄鳍金怆鱼(Thunnus albacares)等15种大洋性鱼类,渔获物中金枪鱼类分别占重量和尾数的76．41％和76．91％,旗鱼类占11．05％和7．83％．鲨鱼类占10．80％和12．08％,其他鱼类占1．73％和3．18％。相对重要性指标(IRI)表明,延绳钓渔业以肥壮金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼为目标鱼种,其他大型中上层经济鱼类为兼捕对象。各渔获种类的渔获重量组成比例月间变化和海域变化明显。 相似文献
11.
D. C. Dauwalter 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2013,20(4):289-301
Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks. 相似文献
12.
奶牛酮病发病机理研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合国内外目前研究状况较为详细的综述了奶牛酮病的病因与发病机理,并分析了奶牛酮病发生的生化机制。旨在对临床实践中很好的认识诊断和群体监控奶牛酮病提供较为系统的理论依据,保证奶牛群的高产和稳产,从而创造良好的经济效益。 相似文献
13.
本试验利用饲养试验方法,研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶时不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血清指标和骨骼性能的影响。试验选用162头20kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪进行2×3(磷水平×钙磷比)因子饲养试验,试验分2个阶段进行,前期为生长期体重在20-60kg,后期为肥育期体重为为60-100kg。结果表明:添加植酸酶日粮磷水平对血清磷含量和碱性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05);钙磷比对血清钙和血清磷含量的影响显著(P<0.05);添加植酸酶日粮磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪骨骼性能的影响不显著(P>0.05)。在添加植酸酶条件下,降低日粮磷水平不影响猪的正常生长发育。 相似文献
14.
Claude E. Boyd Louis R. D'Abramo Brent D. Glencross David C. Huyben Lorenzo M. Juarez George S. Lockwood Aaron A. McNevin Albert G. J. Tacon Fabrice Teletchea Joseph R. Tomasso Jr Craig S. Tucker Wagner C. Valenti 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2020,51(3):578-633
Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs. 相似文献
15.
A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Roberto Mendoza Alfaro Carlos Aguilera González & Allyse M Ferrara 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(7):748-763
Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar. 相似文献
17.
“十一五”以来,我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐,参与市场竞争,努力提升企业和产品竞争力,经济社会事业发展较快,对国家的贡献提升,职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善,示范引领作用不断增强。本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓,战略定位与发展方向不明,经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑,没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系,投资匮乏,发展后劲不足,人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状,提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估,改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作,改革时机的选择,处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系,调整好内部利益分配关系,自觉融入区域经济,与地方协同发展等问题。为了促进农垦的发展,建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度。 相似文献
18.
中国鲟鱼的保护、管理与产业化 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
1 世界现存鲟鱼的种类和资源鲟鱼是一类起源早、具有重要科学研究价值和极高经济价值的稀有物种 ,多数种类个体大 ,半数种为溯河洄游产卵鱼类。按目前较为公认的分类系统 ,现存鲟鱼类有 2科 6属 2 7个种 ,隶属于硬骨鱼纲、软骨硬鳞总目、鲟形目 (Acipenseriformes) ,其中鲟属有 17个种 ,主要经济种类在其中。它们全部分布于北半球 ,现存 9个自然分布区为 :太平洋东岸、北美大湖地区、大西洋西北部、北美密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾、大西洋东北部、里海地区、西伯利亚及北冰洋流域、黑龙江和日本海、长江和珠江。鲟鱼自然种群资源稀少 ,在过… 相似文献
19.
M. Kobayashi M. Amano M.H. Kim Y. Yoshiura Y.C. Sohn H. Suetake K. Aida 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):1-8
Reproductive activities in vertebrates are regulated by an endocrine system, consisting of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In teleosts, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain stimulates gonadotropin (GTH) release in the pituitary gland, but because of lack of the portal vessel, it is not known when and how much GnRH is released for the regulation of GTH release. There are multiple molecular types of GnRH in teleosts and several distinct populations of GnRH neurons in the brain. However, we do not know which types and populations of GnRH neurons regulate reproductive activities. Here we summarize our recent studies on GnRH and GTH in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou and goldfish Carassius auratus. Immunocytochemistry showed the location and molecular types of GnRH neurons. Salmon (sGnRH) and chicken-II GnRH (cGnRH-II) neuronal fibers were widely distributed in the brain of both masu salmon and goldfish. Only sGnRH fibers were observed in the pituitary of masu salmon, whereas both sGnRH and cGnRH-II fibers were observed in the goldfish pituitary, indicating that species specific GnRH profiles are involved in the regulation of pituitary function in teleosts. A series of experiments in masu salmon and goldfish suggest that among GnRH neuron populations GnRH neurons in the ventral telencephalon and the hypothalamus regulate GTH release, and that GnRH of the terminal nerve origin is not essential to gonadal maturation and ovulation. The biological function of other GnRH neurons remains unkown. Two GTHs appear to be characteristic of teleost; however, regulation of reproduction by these GTHs is a question that remains to be elucidated. In salmonid species, it is proposed that GTH I stimulates early gonadal development, whereas GTH II acts in later stages. When GTH expression was examined in goldfish, both GTH I and II mRNA levels in the pituitary gland showed increases in accordance with gonadal development, unlike the sequential expression of GTH subunits in salmonids. The expression of these GTH subunit mRNAs were affected by water temperature, starvation, and steroid hormones in goldfish, but in what manner these two GTHs regulate gonadal development remains to be clarified. 相似文献