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1.
以初始质量为 (11.46±0.06)g的刺参幼参为实验对象,研究饲料中添加棉子糖对刺参生长、消化生理与糖代谢的影响。在基础饲料中添加包膜棉子糖,配成棉子糖含量分别为0(D1,对照组)、0.02%(D2)、0.03%(D3)、0.06%(D4)、0.08%(D5)和0.11%(D6)的6组实验饲料,在循环水养殖桶中进行为期67天的生长实验。结果显示：①随着饲料中棉子糖含量的增加,刺参的增重率及特定生长率均先上升后下降,D2-D5组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),在D4组达最大值,体壁基本营养成分不受棉子糖添加量的影响(P＞0.05);②肠道蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性先上升后下降,D3、D4组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),丙二醛含量先下降后上升,在D4组达最低值,碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性无显著性差异(P＞0.05);D3-D5组肠道皱襞高度显著长于对照组(P＜0.05),D5、D6组出现炎症细胞浸润;③葡萄糖激酶、果糖磷酸激酶和丙酮酸激酶活性先上升后下降,GK、PFK活性在D4组达最大值,PK活性在D3组达最大值;磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶活性呈先上升后平稳的趋势,D4-D6组显著高于其他组(P＜0.05)。④肠道GCK、PFK和PK基因表达量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,各实验组均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),GCK和PK基因表达量在D4组达最大值,D4、D5组PFK基因表达量显著高于其他组。研究表明,棉子糖提高了刺参糖代谢效率,改善了机体消化生理和抗氧化能力,从而促进了刺参的生长;以增重率为评价标准,初始质量为(11.46±0.03)g的刺参幼参饲料中棉子糖的最适添加量为0.063%。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨糖脂比对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、血液生化指标和肝脏糖代谢关键酶的影响,本实验设计了5种不同糖脂比(1.5、2.3、3.9、7.0、16.5)的等氮等能饲料,以吉富罗非鱼幼鱼为实验对象,进行了为期8周的饲养实验。结果显示,随饲料中糖脂比升高,吉富罗非鱼特定生长率(SGR)、增重率(WGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)先升高后降低,糖脂比为3.9和7.0时,WGR、SGR和PER最高。饵料系数(FCR)的变化趋势与此相反,在糖脂比为3.9和7.0组显著低于其他组。随着饲料糖脂比的增加,吉富罗非鱼全鱼粗脂肪含量逐渐下降,在糖脂比为16.5时达到最低水平,但仅与1.5组存在显著差异。血浆甘油三酯在糖脂比最高组也出现显著降低,血浆胆固醇同样在糖脂比最高组显著低于3.9组。然而血糖的变化趋势相反,当糖脂比为16.5时显著高于其他组。随着糖脂比的升高,吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肝脏中丙酮酸激酶(PK)的活性及mRNA表达量逐渐升高,而磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)的活性及mRNA表达水平则逐渐下降。根据二次回归模型得出,在等氮等能的饲料条件下,吉富罗非鱼幼鱼最适宜的糖水平和脂肪水平分别为49.69%和9.53%,其对应的糖脂比为8.4。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨饲料中添加不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、饲料利用以及糖代谢关键酶活力的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。设计了3个小麦淀粉水平(5%、10%和30%)和2个脂肪水平(5%和10%)的3×2的两因子实验,配制了6种等氮的饲料,分别喂养平均体质量为(6.75±0.12)g的大黄鱼幼鱼。结果显示,饲料中小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对大黄鱼增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)、成活率(SR)、肝体比(HSI)和肥满度(CF)无显著交互作用,对脏体比(VSI)有显著交互作用。在同一脂肪水平下,淀粉水平为30%组WG和SGR显著高于10%淀粉组。不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对肝糖原含量无显著交互作用,而对肌糖原含量有显著交互作用,在饲料脂肪水平为5%时,30%小麦淀粉水平下的肝糖原含量显著高于10%和20%淀粉水平,10%淀粉水平下的肌糖原含量显著高于20%和30%淀粉水平;在脂肪水平为10%时,10%淀粉水平下的肝糖原含量显著高于20%和30%淀粉水平,而30%小麦淀粉水平下的肌糖原含量显著高于10%和20%淀粉水平。小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量无显著交互作用,对总蛋白(TP)和甘油三酯(TG)交互作用显著。不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对肝脏脂肪酶活性有显著的交互作用,对淀粉酶活性无显著交互作用;同一脂肪水平下,脂肪酶的活性随着淀粉水平的升高而升高,同一饲料淀粉水平下,饲料脂肪水平为10%组的脂肪酶活性显著高于5%组。不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对肝脏丙酮酸激酶(PK)的活性有显著的交互作用,而对葡萄糖激酶(GK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、1,6-二磷酸果糖酶(FBPase)和6-磷酸葡萄糖酶(G6Pase)的活性均无显著交互作用。研究表明,当饲料脂肪水平为5%时,大黄鱼能够通过调节糖酵解关键酶活性及肝糖原含量来维持血糖平衡,改善对小麦淀粉的利用能力;而当脂肪水平为10%时,大黄鱼对小麦淀粉的利用能力降低。  相似文献   

4.
王猛强  黄文文  周飘苹  金敏  邱红  周歧存 《水产学报》2015,39(11):1690-1701
本实验旨在研究不同蛋白质和小麦淀粉水平对大黄鱼生长性能、肝脏糖酵解和糖异生关键酶活性、血清指标、糖原含量及消化酶活性的影响。采用2×3双因素实验设计,共配制6组饲料,包含2个蛋白质水平(41%、46%)和3个小麦淀粉水平(10%、20%、30%),选取初重约为(14.84±0.16) g的大黄鱼900尾,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复50尾),进行8周的养殖实验。实验结果表明:饲料蛋白质和小麦淀粉水平的交互作用对大黄鱼增重率和特定生长率无显著影响(P>0.05),且在相同的饲料蛋白质水平下,饲料小麦淀粉水平对大黄鱼增重率和特定生长率无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲料蛋白质和小麦淀粉的交互作用对大黄鱼肝脏6-磷酸果糖激酶(phosphofructokinase,PFK)、丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase,PK)、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶(fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase,FBPase)活性有显著影响(P<0.05),但对葡萄糖激酶(glucokinase,GK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(glucose-6-phosphatase,G6Pase)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(phosphoenolpyruvate,PEPCK)活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。当饲料蛋白质水平为41%时,饲料小麦淀粉水平对葡萄糖激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶和果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05),且果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶活性随着饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高呈下降趋势,但对丙酮酸激酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05);当饲料蛋白质水平为46%时,饲料小麦淀粉水平对葡萄糖激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05),且葡萄糖激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶均随饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高呈上升趋势,但对葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。实验表明,大黄鱼在高蛋白质水平下能够有效调节糖酵解和糖异生关键酶活性,降低血糖含量及丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶活性,并且未显著影响增重率;在低蛋白质水平,血糖含量和肝糖原含量随小麦淀粉水平的升高呈上升趋势,但增重率随着饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高呈上升趋势,表明在低蛋白质水平下高小麦淀粉水平对大黄鱼的生长有一定的改善作用。  相似文献   

5.
为探讨仿刺参幼参对缬氨酸的最适需求量,在基础饲料中添加0、0.80%、1.60%、2.40%、3.20%和4.00%的包膜缬氨酸,配制缬氨酸含量分别为0.61%(D1,对照组)、1.14%(D2)、1.46%(D3)、1.73%(D4)、2.17%(D5)和2.64%(D6)的实验饲料,饲喂体质量为(9.20±0.12)g的仿刺参幼参8周。结果显示,①添加缬氨酸对仿刺参幼参的成活率(SR)无显著影响;增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均呈先上升后下降趋势,D4组显著高于其他各组;②添加缬氨酸对肠壁比和肠长比均无显著影响;③体壁粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均呈先上升后下降趋势,D4组粗蛋白含量显著高于其他各组,添加缬氨酸显著提高了体壁组氨酸、缬氨酸、必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量,降低了亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和酪氨酸含量;④肠道中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)随缬氨酸添加量的增加呈上升趋势,D1组显著低于其他各组;丙二醛(MDA)呈先下降后上升趋势,D4组显著低于对照组;⑤肠道蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力均呈先上升后下降趋势,D3组蛋白酶显著高于其他各组,淀粉酶活力不受缬氨酸含量的影响。综上,饲料中添加适宜的缬氨酸显著提高了仿刺参的生长性能和非特异性免疫力,改变了体壁的常规成分和氨基酸含量。以增重率为评价指标,经折线回归分析得出,体质量为9.20 g的仿刺参其配合饲料中缬氨酸最适含量为1.79%(9.18%饲料蛋白质)。  相似文献   

6.
郭鹏  王际英  李宝山  王美琪  孙永智  黄炳山  王世信 《水产学报》2023,47(12):129603-129603
为研究饲料中添加水苏糖对刺参生长、消化生理与糖代谢的影响，以初始体重为(11.46±0.03) g的刺参幼参为实验对象，在基础饲料中添加包膜水苏糖，配成水苏糖含量分别为0 (D1，对照组)、0.04%(D2)、0.11%(D3)、0.15%(D4)、0.21%(D5)和0.27%(D6)的6组实验饲料，在循环水养殖桶中进行为期67 d的生长实验。结果显示，(1)随着饲料中水苏糖含量的增加，刺参的增重率及特定生长率均先上升后下降，D2～D5组显著高于对照组，体壁基本营养成分不受水苏糖添加量的影响；(2)肠道蛋白酶、脂肪酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性先上升后下降，D3、D4组显著高于对照组，丙二醛含量先下降后上升，在D3组达最低值，淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性无显著性差异；D3、D4组肠道皱襞高度显著大于对照组，D6组出现炎症细胞浸润；(3)葡萄糖激酶活性先上升后平稳，D5、D6组显著高于其他组，果糖磷酸激酶和丙酮酸激酶活性先上升后下降，分别在D4、D3组达最大值；磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶活性呈上升趋势，D6组显著高于其他各组。研究表明，水苏糖提高了刺参糖代谢效率，改善了机体消化生理和抗氧化能...  相似文献   

7.
为探讨饲料蛋白质水平对匙吻鲟生长、体组成、消化酶活性、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能的影响。配制了5个不同蛋白质水平(35.44%、37.20%、39.19%、42.05%和45.30%)的等脂饲料,将初始体质量为(158.00±0.29) g的匙吻鲟在室外养殖系统中进行56d的饲养。结果显示:①随着饲料蛋白质水平的提高,实验鱼的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中39.19%、42.05%组的WGR和SGR显著高于35.44%、45.30%组;45.30%饲料组的蛋白质效率(PER)显著低于其他各组。以WGR和SGR为参考指标,回归分析结果表明,匙吻鲟获得最佳生长时对饲料中蛋白质水平的要求分别为40.67%和40.84%。②随饲料蛋白质水平的提高,实验鱼体成分没有显著性变化。③39.19%组蛋白质表观消化率显著高于其他组,45.30%组脂肪表观消化率和干物质表观消化率显著高于39.19%组和42.05%组;42.05%组肠蛋白酶活性和肝脏脂肪酶活性显著高于其他组;42.05%组肝脏淀粉酶活性略高于其他组;肝脏蛋白酶活性没有明显变化趋势。④饲料蛋白质水平对匙吻鲟血清生化指标有显著影响。39.19%、42.05%组实验鱼的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)显著低于其余各组;37.20%、39.19%组的球蛋白(GLOB)含量显著高于其他组,35.44%组白蛋白(ALB)含量显著低于其他组;总蛋白(TP)含量39.19%、42.05%和45.30%组之间无显著性差异。⑤饲料蛋白质水平为39.19%以上时,血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于低蛋白质水平组;除37.20%组,其余各组间超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性差异不显著;丙二醛(MDA)含量各组之间没有显著性差异。研究表明,在本实验条件下,匙吻鲟适宜饲料蛋白质水平为40%～41%。  相似文献   

8.
本研究通过分析刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参[(10.02±0.03) g]生长性能、体组成、肠道消化酶活性及非特异性免疫性能的变化,评价鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)、铜藻(Sargassaum horneri)、海带(Saccharina japonica)、海带渣、石莼(Ulva lactuca L.)及混合藻粉在刺参幼参养殖中的应用效果,在室内循环水系统中进行了为期56 d的养殖实验。结果显示,1) 鼠尾藻和混合藻粉组刺参的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)极显著高于其他各藻粉组(P<0.01),海带渣组刺参的WGR和SGR最低,肠体比(IBR)和脏体比(VBR)均显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),藻粉对刺参存活率(SR)影响不显著(P>0.05);2) 不同藻粉对刺参体壁水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪影响不显著(P>0.05);3) 鼠尾藻和混合藻粉组肠道胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于海带、海带渣和石莼组,海带渣组最低(P<0.01);藻粉对α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但对刺参粪便的酸不溶性灰分具有极显著影响(P<0.01);4) 鼠尾藻组和混合藻粉组刺参肠道超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),海带渣组丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。研究表明,在本实验条件下,综合考虑刺参的生长性能及非特异性免疫性能,添加任一海藻均未达到替代鼠尾藻的饲喂效果,但多种海藻混合添加,其生长性能及非特异性免疫性能与单独添加鼠尾藻效果一致。  相似文献   

9.
为了探讨仿刺参幼参对配合饲料中维生素A(VA)的适宜需求量，实验在基础饲料中分别添加维生素A乙酸酯，配制VA含量分别为3 250 (D1)、5 187 (D2)、7 054 (D3)、8 970(D4)、12 975 (D5)和16 400 (D6) IU/kg的6组等氮等能的实验饲料，饲喂初始体重为(15.48±0.01) g仿刺参幼参8周。结果显示，(1) VA对仿刺参存活率(SR)无显著影响，显著提高了增重率(WG)和特定生长率(SGR);(2) VA显著提高了体壁粗脂肪和VA含量，降低了羟脯氨酸含量；(3)肠道脂肪酶(LPS)活性呈上升趋势，D1组显著低于其他组，淀粉酶(AMY)活性呈先下降后上升的趋势；(4)肠道谷草转氨酶(AST)、总抗氧化能力(T-SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先升后降趋势，AST及CAT活性均在D4组出现最高值，D2～D5组T-SOD活性显著高于D1组，碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性呈上升趋势，D1组显著低于其他组，丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐降低...  相似文献   

10.
采用单因素实验设计,先配制6种浒苔含量(0、5％、10％、15％、20％和25％)饲料饲养初始体质量(1.44±0.01)g幼刺参49 d,然后根据浒苔含量实验结果配制20％含量、3种方法处理的浒苔[干燥粉碎(DC)、纤维素酶酶解后干燥粉碎(DCC)和蛋白酶酶解后干燥粉碎(DCP)]饲料饲养初始体质量(4.58 ±0.23)g幼刺参60 d,以研究饲料中浒苔添加量以及处理方式对幼刺参生长、消化率、消化酶和非特异性免疫酶的影响.实验每组饲料设3个重复,每个重复饲喂35头刺参.结果显示:(1)浒苔对提高刺参特定生长率(SGR)、肠道淀粉酶(AMS)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和降低饲料系数(FCR)有显著作用(P＜0.05),其中20％浒苔含量最好,浒苔能显著降低饲料干物质表观消化率(ADCd)和粗蛋白质表观消化率(ADCp)(P＜0.05),对刺参摄食率(FI)、成活率(SR)、肠道胃蛋白酶(PP)活性和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)无显著性影响(P＞0.05).(2)3种方法处理的浒苔中,DCC和DCP浒苔对提高刺参SGR、ADCd、ADCp、肠道AMS、PP、SOD和ACP活性和降低FCR有显著作用(P＜0.05),其中DCC浒苔最好,3种方法处理的浒苔对刺参FI和SR亦无显著性影响(P＞0.05).在本实验条件下,幼刺参饲料中浒苔适宜含量为20％;纤维素酶酶解后干燥粉碎浒苔是一个理想的浒苔处理方法.  相似文献   

11.
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1).  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration.  相似文献   

14.
对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。  相似文献   

15.
As an intertidal species, Apostichopus japonicus is subject to diel and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Color variation is a distinct characteristic of A. japonicus, and a new color morph, purple A. japonicus, was recently found on the coast of Rushan, Weihai City. This study was conducted to compare the performance of green, white, and purple color morphs of A. japonicus at different water temperatures to help improving aquaculture technology and management. In this study, green, white, and purple color morphs of juvenile A. japonicus (1.5 ± 0.1 g) were cultured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 C for 60 d, according to the suitable temperature range for sea cucumber growth. Temperature was shown to have a significant effect on growth, energy budget, and physiology of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Specific growth rates, feed conversion efficiencies, and the proportion of energy allocated to growth of all three color morphs were optimal at 18 C. Activities of the enzymes related with oxidative stress, immune response, and digestion were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trypsin activities generally reached a maximum in all three color morphs at 18 C. The purple color morph of A. japonicus was higher in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and proportion of energy allocated to growth than green and white color morphs at 18 and 22 C, consistent with its higher trypsin and SOD activity, indicating the mutual effect of growth and physiology. At 18, 22, and 26 C, the green color morph had the highest level of lysozyme activity and purple color morph had the lowest, indicating possible infection by external pathogens of green color morph, which might be caused by high temperature. These results suggested that the optimum temperature for culture of the three color morphs was approximately 18 C, the purple had a better adaption to high temperature, and the green and white color morphs may be more susceptible to thermal stress than the purple color morph.  相似文献   

16.
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.  相似文献   

17.
Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.  相似文献   

18.
The recruitment strategy of swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus, was investigated by field observations and numerical experiments in Hiuchi-Nada, Japan. Calculated dispersal patterns of zoeal and megalopal stages in a three-dimensional numerical model reproduce observed patterns accurately. The temporal change of vertical migration patterns between the 1st and 2nd zoeas and the 3rd and 4th zoeas plays an important role in the process of recruitment of P. trituberculatus from spawning ground to nursery ground.  相似文献   

19.
This study aimed to find out if dietary carotenoid (CD) supplement could make differences in survival, growth, pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity of characins Hyphessobrycon callistus, an ornamental fish. Two types of CD and its combination (AX — astaxanthin, BC — β-carotene, MX — 1:1 combination of AX and BC) at three concentrations (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) were used resulting in nine pigmented diets. A diet without CD supplement served as control. No differences in growth and survival of the fish among treatments were found after 8 weeks rearing. Disregarding the types of dietary CD, AX dominated (> 98%) the body CD, indicating that this fish converted most dietary BC into body AX for storage. Body AX and BC content increased with increasing dietary CD concentration. Body AX in BC-fed fish was lower than that in both AX- and MX-fed fish. No difference in body AX was found between AX- and MX-fed fish, and in body BC in all pigmented fish. Serum total antioxidant status [TAS], serum antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidases [GPx]) and serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) were chosen as indices of fish antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant activities changed with dietary CD type and concentration. Pigmented fish had lower SOD, GPx and ALT than control fish; dietary CD types only affected SOD and ALT in fish. AX-fed fish had the lowest SOD. Dietary AX had more numbers of negative correlations with antioxidant parameters in fish than BC.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Effects of salinity on embryonic development and growth of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, eggs and larvae were studied. Eggs were incubated at 27-29°C in 2,4,6,8, and 10 ppt sodium chloride. Rate of embryonic development was delayed in all salt solutions by 15, 15,28 and 30 minutes, in 2,4,6, and 8 ppt sodium chloride, respectively, when compared with the control group (0% salt); total mortality occurred at 12 hours after gastrula stage in the 10 ppt concentration. Percentage hatching was 45.1,47.7, 59.5,49.2, and 26.6% while percentage deformity was 10.4, 16.1, 52.0, 28.6, and 71.6% in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ppt salt treatments, respectively. There were significant differences (P <0.05) in the hatching percentage and in deformity percentage between 4, 6, and 8 ppt. Rate of yolk absorption was significantly faster in the control and 2 ppt salt treatments, but slower in 4, 6, and 8 ppt. Rate of increase in length was slower with increasing salinity. The optimum salinity for African catfish eggs and was between 0-2 ppt and acceptable up to 6 ppt. The results suggest that increasing salinity delayed hatching and development of African catfish eggs and larvae, respectively, as well as increased the deformity of the larvae.  相似文献   

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