共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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In this study，SCoT molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and construct DNA fingerprints of three species of Elymus on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to provide a theoretical basis for identification of the different species in collection material. Among 80 SCoT primers， 22 primers were selected for PCR amplification，and a total of 290 bands were amplified，of which 254 were polymorphic with the percentage of polymorphic bands（PPB）of 87.59%. The average values of the Shannon diversity information index（I），Nei’s gene diversity index （H），the observed number of alleles （Na），and an effective number of alleles （Ne） were 0.5411，0.3643，1.9856，and 1.6270，respectively. Cluster analysis results showed that the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.50 to 0.80. At a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.53，46 collections could be divided into 2 groups，and the results of the principal coordinate analysis were consistent with those of cluster analysis. At the same time，the DNA fingerprints of 46 materials were constructed by using 4 SCoT primers. The SCoT molecular marker was suitable for genetic diversity analysis and DNA fingerprint construction of Elymus germplasm resources. This study provides fundamental information for germplasm identification，high-quality character mining，and breeding practice for wild Elymus. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved. 相似文献
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Xiaoqin Li Fan Zhang Yunxiao Sun Dandan Sun Fangxi Yang Yongtong Liu Zhuocheng Hou 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2023,(5):1895-1908
Background The fat deposition has a crucial role in animal meat flavor, and fat deposition-related traits are vital for breeding in the commercial duck industry. Avian fat-related traits are typical complex phenotypes, which need a large amount of data to analyze the genetic loci.Results In this study, we performed a new phenotypic analysis of fat traits and genotyped whole-genome variations for 1,246 ducks, and combed with previous GWAS data to reach 1,880 ducks for following analysis. The carc... 相似文献
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Brilliant O Agaviezor Sunday O Peters Mufliat A Adefenwa Abdulmojeed Yakubu Olufunmilayo A Adebambo Michael O Ozoje Christian ON Ikeobi Matthew Wheto Oyeyemi O Ajayi Samuel A Amusan Oludotun J Ekundayo Timothy M Sanni Moses Okpeku Gbolabo O Onasanya Marcos De Donato Babatunde M Ilori Kadir Kizilkaya Ikhide G Imumorin 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2013,(1):18-33
Background: Sheep is important in the socio-economic lives of people around the world. It is estimated that more than half of our once common livestock breeds are now endangered. Since genetic characterization of Nigerian sheep is still lacking, we analyzed ten morphological traits on 402 animals and 15 microsatellite DNA markers in 384 animals of the 4 Nigerian sheep breeds to better understand genetic diversity for breeding management and germplasm conservation. Results: Morphological traits of Uda and Balami were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than Yankasa, which were both higher than West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed tail length, rump height, chest girth, ear length and chest depth as the most discriminating variables for classification. Mahalanobis distances show the least differentiation between Uda and Balami and the largest between WAD and Balami sheep. While 93.3% of WAD sheep were correctly assigned to their source genetic group, 63.9% of Yankasa, 61.2% of Balami and 45.2% of Uda were classified correctly by nearest neighbour discriminant analysis. The overall high Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of all microsatellite markers ranged from 0.751 to 0.927 supporting their use in genetic characterization. Expected heterozygosity was high for all loci (0.783 to 0.93). Mean heterozygote deficiency across all populations (0.171 to 0.534) possibly indicate significant inbreeding (P < 0.05). Mean values for FST , FIT and FIS statistics across all loci were 0.088, 0.394 and 0.336 respectively. Yankasa and Balami are the most closely related breeds (DA = 0.184) while WAD and Balami are the farthest apart breeds (DA = 0.665), which is coincident with distance based on morphological analysis and population structure assessed by STRUCTURE. Conclusions: These results suggest that within-breed genetic variation in Nigerian sheep is higher than between-breeds and may be a valuable tool for genetic improvement and conservation. The higher genetic variability in Yankasa suggests the presence of unique ancestral alleles reflecting the presence of certain functional genes which may result in better adaptability in more agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. These genetic characteristics are potentially useful in planning improvement and conservation strategies in Nigerian indigenous sheep. 相似文献
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Poultry genetics resources, including commercial selected lines, indigenous breeds, and experimental lines, are now being irreversibly lost at an alarming rate due to multiple reasons, which further threats the future livelihood and academic purpose. Collections of germplasm may reduce the risk of catastrophic loss of genetic diversity by guaranteeing that a pool of genetic variability is available to ensure the reintroduction and replenishment of the genetic stocks. The setting up of biobanks f... 相似文献
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Background Chickens provide globally important livestock products. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underpinning chicken economic traits is crucial for improving their selective breeding. Influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, metabolites are the ultimate expression of physiological processes and can provide key insights into livestock economic traits. However, the serum metabolite profile and genetic architecture of the metabolome in chickens have no... 相似文献
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Jian Cheng Austin M.Putz John C.S.Harding Michael K.Dyck Frederic Fortin Graham S.Plastow Pig Gen Canada Jack C.M.Dekkers 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2022,(1):17-35
Background:The pork industry faces unprecedented challenges from disease,which increases cost of production and use of antibiotics,and reduces production efficiency,carcass quality,and animal wellbeing.One solution is to improve the overall resilience of pigs to a broad array of common diseases through genetic selection.Behavioral changes in feeding and drinking are usually the very first clinical signs when animals are exposed to stressors such as disease.Changes in feeding and drinking behaviors in diseased pigs may reflect the way they cope with the challenge and,thus,could be used as indicator traits to select for disease resilience.The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters of feeding and drinking traits for wean-to-finish pigs in a natural polymicrobial disease challenge model,to estimate genetic correlations of feeding and drinking traits with growth rate and clinical disease traits,and to develop indicator traits to select for disease resilience.Results:In general,drinking traits had moderate to high estimates of heritability,especially average daily water dispensed,duration,and number of visits(0.44 to 0.58).Similar estimates were observed for corresponding feeding traits(0.35 to 0.51).Most genetic correlation estimates among drinking traits were moderate to high(0.30 to 0.92)and higher than among feeding traits(0 to 0.11).Compared to other drinking traits,water intake duration and number of visits had relatively stronger negative genetic correlation estimates with treatment rate and mortality,especially across the challenge nursery and finisher(?0.39 and?0.45 for treatment rate;?0.20 and?0.19 for mortality).Conclusion:Most of the recorded drinking and feeding traits under a severe disease challenge had moderate to high estimates of heritability,especially for feed or water intake duration and number of visits.Phenotypic and genetic correlations among the recorded feeding traits under disease were generally low but drinking traits showed high correlations with each other.Water intake duration and number of visits are potential indicator traits to select for disease resilience because of their high heritability and had moderate genetic correlations with treatment and mortality rates under severe disease. 相似文献
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Wentao Cai Jian Hu Wenlei Fan Yaxi Xu Jing Tang Ming Xie Yunsheng Zhang Zhanbao Guo Zhengkui Zhou Shuisheng Hou 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2023,(5):1854-1868
Background Carcass traits are crucial for broiler ducks,but carcass traits can only be measured postmortem.Genomic selection(GS) is an effective approach in animal breeding to improve selection and reduce costs. However,the performance of genomic prediction in duck carcass traits remains largely unknown.Results In this study,we estimated the genetic parameters,performed GS using different models and marker densities,and compared the estimation performance between GS and conventional BLUP on 35 c... 相似文献
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[Object] This study was conducted to explore the genetic diversity and structure of the wild Repomucenus curvicornis inhabiting Liaoning Coast, China. [Method] The mitochondrial COⅠ gene and control region(CR) were PCR amplified from the wild R. curvicornis populations from the Liaodong Bay(n=22) and the northern Yellow Sea(n=18), sequenced and analyzed for genetic diversity. [Result] The contents of A, T, C and G of 624 bp COⅠ gene were 24.09%, 31.04%, 25.28%, and 19.59%, and those of 460 bp CR fragment were 32.96%, 32.80%, 14.86% and 19.38%, respectively. The total number of variable sites, average number of nucleotide differences( k), haplotype diversity(H) and nucleotide diversity(π) based on COⅠ gene were 38, 4.67,(0.96±0.02) and(0.007 5±0.004 2), and those based on CR fragment were 26, 3.35,(0.97 ±0.02) and(0.007 3±0.004 3), respectively. Based on mitochondrial COⅠ gene and CR, the genetic diversity of Liaodong Bay population was lower than that of the northern Yellow Sea population. The AMOVA analysis based on CR fragments revealed almost significant genetic divergence between the Liaodong Bay and the northern Yellow Sea populations, while there was no significant genetic divergence based on COⅠ gene. The results showed that CR and COⅠ gene are effective molecular markers for detecting the genetic diversity of R. curvicornis population, while CR is more reliable than COⅠ gene in detecting the genetic structure. [Conclusion] CR is an appropriate marker for genetic analysis of marine fish population. 相似文献
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Background: Different production systems and climates could lead to genotype-by-environment(G × E) interactions between populations, and the inclusion of G × E interactions is becoming essential in breeding decisions. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of multi-trait models in genomic prediction in a limited number of environments with G × E interactions.Results: In total, 2,688 and 1,384 individuals with growth and reproduction phenotypes, respectively, from two Yorkshire pig populations with similar genetic backgrounds were genotyped with the PorcineSNP80 panel.Single-and multi-trait models with genomic best linear unbiased prediction(GBLUP) and BayesC π were implemented to investigate their genomic prediction abilities with 20 replicates of five-fold cross-validation.Our results regarding between-environment genetic correlations of growth and reproductive traits(ranging from 0.618 to 0.723) indicated the existence of G × E interactions between these two Yorkshire pig populations. For single-trait models, genomic prediction with GBLUP was only 1.1% more accurate on average in the combined population than in single populations, and no significant improvements were obtained by BayesC π for most traits. In addition, single-trait models with either GBLUP or BayesC π produced greater bias for the combined population than for single populations. However, multi-trait models with GBLUP and BayesC π better accommodated G × E interactions,yielding 2.2% – 3.8% and 1.0% – 2.5% higher prediction accuracies for growth and reproductive traits, respectively,compared to those for single-trait models of single populations and the combined population. The multi-trait models also yielded lower bias and larger gains in the case of a small reference population. The smaller improvement in prediction accuracy and larger bias obtained by the single-trait models in the combined population was mainly due to the low consistency of linkage disequilibrium between the two populations, which also caused the BayesC π method to always produce the largest standard error in marker effect estimation for the combined population.Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings confirmed that directly combining populations to enlarge the reference population is not efficient in improving the accuracy of genomic prediction in the presence of G × E interactions, while multi-trait models perform better in a limited number of environments with G × E interactions. 相似文献
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为了选育出优质、高产、低香豆素的白花草木樨新品种，在前期完成第一次轮回选择的基础上，开展了25份白花草木樨半同胞家系的第二次轮回选择，在甘肃省榆中县和临泽县进行产量、品质、香豆素含量等农艺性状评价。方差分析结果表明半同胞家系间株高、干重、纤维、香豆素含量等性状具有显著的基因型变异（P<0.05），且干重、株高、茎粗等性状在两地点间存在显著的基因型与环境互作（P<0.05），根据基因型方差预测干重与株高的遗传增益增加百分比分别为4.3%和2.6%。相关性分析表明，茎粗与干重、株高有极显著（P<0.01）的正相关关系，粗蛋白与中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维有极显著的负相关关系。主成分分析反映出各农艺性状间的关系和25份半同胞家系在各性状上的表现，聚类分析将25份家系分为4个组，其中第4组具有较高的干重、粗蛋白和最低的香豆素含量。通过对25份半同胞家系的第二次评价将为白花草木樨新品系选育奠定基础。 相似文献
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为揭示野生老芒麦形态变异特征和遗传背景，对我国野生老芒麦主要分布区域不同生态类型的104个居群520份野生老芒麦种质进行了23个形态指标测定和遗传多样性分析。结果表明：不同生境老芒麦材料的形态特征存在显著差异，数量性状变异系数为9.49%～49.56%；聚类分析将104个居群分为具有各自明显特征和开发利用潜力的4类；形态特征与地理环境因子的相关性分析发现，野生老芒麦抽穗早晚及茎秆叶鞘基部小刺等特殊性状与其海拔呈显著相关；主成分分析发现，株高、抽穗、茎节数、单株干鲜重、旗叶长宽等指标代表了老芒麦67.79%形态多样性，是造成老芒麦形态特征变异的主要因素，可作为老芒麦形态分化的重要参考指标。 相似文献
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种质资源是遗传研究与作物改良的基础。饲草产量与品质是决定饲草型小黑麦品种利用价值的重要指标。本研究以113份国内外小黑麦种质为材料，通过2年田间种植，对其饲草产量与品质性状进行了分析与评价。结果表明参试小黑麦种质的饲草产量及其品质性状存在极显著差异，其单株鲜草产量分别为36.000～111.560 g与36.310～159.780 g，单株干草产量分别为12.000～27.000 g与9.150～30.150 g，鲜干比分别为2.380～4.370与2.610～6.210，饲草粗蛋白含量分别为6.894%～13.259%与6.680%～14.304%，饲草中性洗涤纤维含量分别为48.480%～74.850%与53.850%～67.980%，酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为26.600%～42.780%与29.000%～39.280%，饲草的相对饲用价值分别为69.650～128.150与79.840～113.170。饲草产量与品质性状的多样性指数范围为1.974～2.075。主成分分析表明，饲草纤维品质因子、饲草产量因子与综合品质因子为前3个主成分，其累计贡献率为82.198%。依据单株干草产量... 相似文献
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为明确影响燕麦抗倒伏性的关键性状，选用高寒地区一组抗倒伏能力较强的燕麦资源（QYJ301、QYJ386、QYJ322、QYJ986、QYJ211）与另一组较易倒伏的燕麦资源（QYJ272、QYJ224、QYJ288、QYJ320、QYJ280、QYJ055）对与抗倒伏相关的25个性状进行方差分析。结果表明，抗倒伏组品系与易倒伏组品系的株高（抗倒伏组：103.00~117.40 cm；易倒伏组：125.80~144.18 cm）、穗长（抗倒伏组：17.82~21.94 cm；易倒伏组：23.82~27.10 cm）、重心高度（抗倒伏组：50.24~56.34 cm；易倒伏组：56.70~59.24 cm）、穗位高（抗倒伏组：84.54~95.46 cm；易倒伏组：98.80~117.08 cm）、基部节长、茎粗、茎粗系数、倒伏指数与茎基部力学性状均存在显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）差异，且不同倒伏性能的燕麦资源在抗倒伏相关性状上表现不同。利用上述存在显著差异的22个相关性状进行聚类分析，以相对距离10作为划分，将11个燕麦资源聚成两类，即抗倒伏组与易倒伏组。进一步通过相关性分析发现，株高、穗长、重心高度、穗位高、茎粗系数、茎基部力学性状均与倒伏指数存在显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）相关关系，均可作为评价燕麦抗倒伏性能的重要指标，这些性状综合影响燕麦的抗倒伏能力。 相似文献
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为客观评价老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性及筛选核心种质,本试验对76份老芒麦种质资源的9个农艺性状连续两年开展评价分析。结果表明：9个性状在两年间均呈正态分布,7个性状变异系数大于10%,说明种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性;相关性分析发现,牧草产量性状间和种子产量性状间存在显著的正相关(P<0.05);因子分析结果显示,长穂因子、种子数因子和叶片数因子特征值均大于1。通过隶属函数综合评价,筛选出3份牧草产量性状优异的种质,5份种子产量性状综合评价高的种质。聚类分析将76份种质分为优势类、良好类及后备类3大类群,最终筛选出编号为8,13,20,27及41的种质可以作为育种的候选亲本或后备核心种质。 相似文献
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由于苜蓿品种间遗传差异日益缩小,通过传统形态学鉴定表型愈加困难。在苜蓿育种过程中,利用分子标记可大大提高育种效率和品种鉴定。反转录转座子长末端重复序列（LTR）广泛分布在植物基因组中,基于LTR的分子标记具有丰富的多态性和高信息量等优势,被广泛用于物种品种鉴定、评价种质资源多样性等方面。本研究在全基因组水平鉴定和设计了大量蒺藜苜蓿LTR反转录转座子扩增多态性（IRAP）标记,并利用其对国内外40个紫花苜蓿种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,根据设计开发出的431个IRAP引物,并按照其染色体位置信息组合获得69对IRAP引物。利用筛选出的37对多态性引物组合共扩增出325个等位位点,平均每个标记可产生8.8个等位位点;多态性条带比率（PPB）为50%~100%,平均值为79.9%;多态性信息含量（PIC）的范围为0.34~0.88,平均值为0.69。基于遗传相似系数（GS）对供试品种采用算术平均值非加权组平均法（UPGMA）进行聚类分析,以0.82为阈值可将40份供试材料分为4类,其分组结果与不同材料地理分布信息以及STRUCTURE分析相对一致。本研究首次在蒺藜苜蓿全基因组水平上开发了IRAP分子标记并在紫花苜蓿种质资源中进行评价与应用,获得的大量IRAP分子标记可对后续苜蓿品种的鉴定保护以及遗传背景分析提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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为客观评价燕麦种质资源重要农艺性状的遗传多样性,并为黑龙江地区燕麦新品种选育提供关键数据,对51份燕麦种质资源13个农艺性状进行了形态多样性指数分析,并对其中的9个数量性状进行了聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明,各性状的遗传多样性指数均较大,遗传多样性指数最高的是主穗长(1.517),其次为株高(1.448)和主穗粒重(1.414),性状变异系数最大的是主穗小穗数(34.8%),其次为主穗粒重(33.1%)和单株分蘖数(27.4%);聚类分析将51份燕麦品种的9个数量性状分为4大类群,类群Ⅰ为有益性状不明显,为多目标性状育种的亲本材料,类群Ⅱ为选育矮秆育种目标亲本材料,类群Ⅲ为高杆、增加分蘖数育种目标亲本材料,类群Ⅳ为选育大粒型、多轮层数、多小穗数等育种目标亲本材料。主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分对变异的累计贡献率为70.09%,第一主成分反映种子产量,第二主成反映单株分蘖数,第三主成分反映株高。 相似文献
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为了解结缕草属植物(Zoysia Willd.)表型多样性,筛选优异的育种亲本,本文以144份结缕草属种质资源为试验材料,对其22个性状进行变异系数、多样性指数、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明：结缕草属植物表型性状变异大,尤其是穗颈长、花序密度、叶片上表面茸毛密度和草层密度;各性状的遗传多样性较丰富,其多样性指数变幅为0.40～4.95;在不同种结缕草种中,杂交结缕草的变异系数最大,而日本结缕草的多样性指数最高。主成分分析将22个性状归为5个主成分,累积贡献率为67.32%。聚类分析将144份试验材料分成4类,其中第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ类群具有优异的生殖性状,而第Ⅲ和第Ⅳ类群的坪用性状较好,从中筛选出具有种子生产潜力的12份材料和坪用质量高的6份材料。本研究为选育高产优质结缕草新品种奠定基础。 相似文献
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为探求日喀则地区穗花韭种质资源的遗传多样性，本研究对收集到的20份穗花韭(Milula spicata Prain)种质的17个表型数量性状进行了变异分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明：20份种质居群内和居群间均有较大的遗传变异和丰富的遗传多样性。除叶片数、地上茎粗、花穗粗的变异系数在30%以内外，地下茎长、花葶粗、根系长、地下茎粗、根系数量、叶宽、叶长、花穗长的变异系数在30%～50%，花葶高、株高、地上地下生物量的变异系数高于50%。主成分分析共提取到4个主成分，累计贡献率86.31%，第1主成分与地上生物量有关，第2，3，4主成分与地下生物量有关。聚类分析将材料分为2个类群，第2类群表型优于第1类群，与主成分分析综合得分排序结论一致。本研究可为穗花韭种质资源的收集和筛选提供理论依据。 相似文献