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1.
A questionnaire was mailed to 320 Finnish dog-breeders to study breeders' knowledge of canine inherited diseases and of the present screening and control programs in Finland. The purpose was also to study the breeders' attitudes about and compliance with such programs. Breeders estimated that their knowledge was quite good, and they also believed in their ability to influence other groups and to promote the programs. The present programs were considered to have a positive effect on the prevention of canine inherited diseases, but information given to breeders and other key groups could produce even better results. Inherited skeletal and ocular diseases were thought to be important to canine well-being; the importance of other diseases was assessed to be lower. 相似文献
2.
A mailed questionnaire survey was performed amongst the members of the Finnish Veterinary Association in order to study veterinarians' knowledge of canine inherited diseases and the present screening and control programs in Finland. The purpose was also to study the veterinarians' attitudes about and compliance with such programs. Veterinarians estimated that their knowledge is quite poor – but they believed in their ability to influence other groups and to promote the programs. The present programs were considered to have a positive effect on the prevention of canine inherited diseases – but information directed to veterinarians and other key groups could give even better results. Inherited skeletal diseases were thought to be important to canine well-being; the importance of inherited ocular diseases was assessed to be lower. 相似文献
3.
Delgermaa Bat‐Erdene Ying‐Chih Chuang Kun‐Yang Chuang 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(1):133-139
Lack of knowledge regarding brucellosis may lead to highly risky practices. Among herders in Mongolia, little research was conducted assessing the extent of knowledge related to brucellosis, the type of preventive behaviours that were practiced, and the relationship between knowledge and behaviour regarding brucellosis. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in two provinces of Mongolia where herders were randomly selected to participate in the study. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. In total, 485 herders participated in the study. The results indicated that brucellosis preventive practices were significantly associated with sex, location, use of veterinary services, exposure to TV programs and knowledge of brucellosis. Regional disparities in knowledge and behaviour were observed in this research. Herders were more likely to engage in preventive practices if they had a higher level of knowledge of brucellosis. Findings from this research indicated that the effectiveness of incorporating health education through TV programs, as well as the importance of ensuring access to veterinary services in brucellosis prevention. 相似文献
4.
The occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus intermedius strains was investigated in 13 dogs affected by deep pyoderma, their owners and 13 individuals without daily contact with dogs (control group). A total of 90 canine and 33 human S. intermedius isolates were typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine their possible identity. The occurrence of S. intermedius in dog-owners was significantly higher compared with the control group (Fisher's exact test, P=0.03), with S. intermedius being detected in seven dog-owners and in one individual not exposed to dogs. The results of the PFGE analysis showed that six out of 13 (46%) owners carried strains identical to those isolated from their dogs. Strains detected in both dogs and humans were resistant up to five different antimicrobial classes, including penicillins, fusidic acid, macrolides/lincosamides, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Based on the results of this study, owners of dogs affected by deep pyoderma often carry multiple antimicrobial-resistant strains of S. intermedius occurring in their dogs. Independent of the direction and modalities of transmission, this finding raises questions concerning the possible transfer of resistance genes from canine S. intermedius to human pathogenic staphylococci. 相似文献
5.
Inherited diseases of Australian Holstein-Friesian cattle 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
6.
For Dutch fattening pig farms, this study explored (1) farmers' perceptions towards animal disease risks and animal health risk management; (2) factors underlying farmers' adoption of the two risk management strategies, namely, biosecurity measures and animal health programs. The risks included endemic and epidemic diseases. Data were obtained through a questionnaire (n=164). A behavioral model was developed using the Health Belief Model and tested using structural equation modeling. Endemic and epidemic diseases were regarded as an operational and catastrophic risk, respectively. Farmers considered severity of epidemics as slightly more important, compared to endemics. For both disease categories, farmers valued biosecurity measures as a more effective strategy than animal health programs. In the behavioral model, perceived benefits in terms of strategy efficacy was the strongest direct predictor of strategy adoption. Other behavioral components had a minor indirect effect, namely, via perceived benefits, and only in case of biosecurity measures. The indirect effect path did, however, vary per disease category. For endemics, such a path captured the effect of perceived susceptibility on perceived benefits mediated by perceived severity. For epidemics, it only captured the effect of perceived severity on perceived benefits. The results also revealed the importance of innate risk characteristics of farmers in their adoption decisions. In particular, general self-protection behavior directly contributed to decisions to adopt a certain strategy. The obtained knowledge highlights possible ways of improvement of programs aimed at promoting effective risk management strategies. 相似文献
7.
U. Schwittlick J. Junginger K. Hahn A. Habierski M. Hewicker‐Trautwein 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2017,46(1):33-42
Histamine is an important mediator of many physiological processes including gastrointestinal function that acts via four different histamine receptors (H1R to H4R). Elevated histamine levels and increased HR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) have been shown in humans with gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or allergic intestinal diseases. As there is limited knowledge concerning the distribution of histamine receptors (HR) in dogs, one aim of this study was to investigate the expression of histamine 1 receptor (H1R), histamine 2 receptor (H2R) and histamine 4 receptor (H4R) in the canine gastrointestinal tract at protein level using immunohistochemistry. Histamine 1 receptor, H2R and H4R were widely expressed throughout the canine gastrointestinal tract including epithelial, mesenchymal, neuronal and immune cells. In addition, in situ hybridisation was established for detecting canine H4R mRNA. Results showed H4R mRNA to be present in enterocytes, lamina propria immune cells and submucosal plexus in the duodenum and colon of nearly all investigated animals. The results elucidate the importance of HR in the canine gut and represent the basis for investigating their possible impact on canine inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. 相似文献
8.
F. Petazzi G. Rubino I. Alloggio A. Caroli E. Pieragostini 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(8):865-874
Most sheep farmers are aware of the importance of monitoring animal health and well-being for profitable sheep production.
Unfortunately, there are only a few benchmarked functional measures of sheep well-being but much can be gained from our understanding
of other species. Moreover, comprehensive monitoring programs may be complex and relatively expensive to implement. Hence,
this work reports the results of a research study on the usefulness of functional markers in measuring dairy sheep well-being,
taking into account farm management and environmental conditions. The study was conducted on 11 farms breeding Italian islander
sheep breeds. The husbandry and management parameters of each farm were assessed and, based on the findings, the farms were
scored in ascending quality order. Flock information concerned housing, milking system, pen size, grazing hours, health management,
and stockmanship. Medical history, clinical data, the most relevant haematological, chemical and biochemical parameters, as
well as the haemoglobin genotype were recorded for 415 individuals. The whole data-set was analyzed by Spearman correlation
and multivariate statistical procedures, showing that albumin, serum alkaline phosphatase, haematocrit, and haemoglobin were
the most significant functional markers of a flock’s general conditions. Haematocrit and haemoglobin reflect animal health
status, while albumin and serum alkaline phosphatase are a measure of nutritional status and physical activity, respectively.
These are objective parameters, which can be easily measured from blood samples and have proved to be effective for grouping
to interpret animal well-being. 相似文献
9.
Collins LM Asher L Summers J McGreevy P 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,189(2):147-154
The issue of inherited disorders in pedigree dogs is not a recent phenomenon and reports of suspected genetic defects associated with breeding practices date back to Charles Darwin's time. In recent years, much information on the array of inherited defects has been assimilated and the true extent of the problem has come to light. Historically, the direction of research funding in the field of canine genetic disease has been largely influenced by the potential transferability of findings to human medicine, economic benefit and importance of dogs for working purposes. More recently, the argument for a more canine welfare-orientated approach has been made, targeting research efforts at the alleviation of the most suffering in the greatest number of animals. A method of welfare risk assessment was initially developed as a means of objectively comparing, and thus setting priorities for, different welfare problems. The method has been applied to inherited disorders in pedigree dogs to investigate which disorders have the greatest welfare impact and which breeds are most affected. Work in this field has identified 396 inherited disorders in the top 50 most popular breeds in the UK. This article discusses how the results of welfare risk assessment for inherited disorders can be used to develop strategies for improving the health and welfare of dogs in the long term. A new risk assessment criterion, the Breed-Disorder Welfare Impact Score (BDWIS), which takes into account the proportion of life affected by a disorder, is introduced. A set of health and welfare goals is proposed and strategies for achieving these goals are highlighted, along with potential rate-determining factors at each step. 相似文献
10.
R.H. van Dam 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1981,2(6):517-539
Already for some time the major histocompatibility system (MHS) is no longer considered to be only of importance in transplantation surgery. The MHS might also partly control specific immune responsiveness. In fact, tissue antigens may serve as a marker system for individual immunocompetence. So, in veterinary relevant species, tissue typing could be an important tool in breeding and health programs. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the MHS in different species. 相似文献
11.
In man, the genetic defects of more than 600 inherited diseases, of which at least 150 skeletal diseases, have been identified as is the chromosomal location for approximately 7000 genes. This rapid progress has been made possible by the generation of a genetical and physical map of the human genome. There is no reason to believe that for the dog not a similar development may occur. This review is therefore focussed on the use of novel tools now available for comparative molecular genetic studies of skeletal dysplasias in the dog. Because the genomes of mammals at the subchromosomal level are very well conserved, likely candidate disease genes known from other species might be considered. In this review, formation of the bones and the most important canine disorders of the skeleton influencing locomotion will be discussed first. The canine disorders discussed are canine hip dysplasia, the three different forms of elbow dysplasia (fragmented coronoid process, ununited anconeal process, osteochondrosis dissecans and incongruency) and dwarfism. Where possible a link is made with similar diseases in man or mouse. Then, the molecular biological tools available to analyse the genetic defect will be reviewed and some examples discussed. 相似文献
12.
Dogs are comparatively frequently affected by various spontaneously occurring inflammatory and degenerative central nervous system (CNS) conditions, and immunopathological processes are a hallmark of the associated neuropathology. Due to the low regenerative capacity of the CNS a sophisticated understanding of the underlying molecular basis for disease initiation, progression and remission in canine CNS diseases represents a prerequisite for the development of novel therapeutical approaches. In addition, as many spontaneous canine CNS diseases share striking similarities with their human counterpart, knowledge about the immune pathogenesis may in part be translated for a better understanding of certain human diseases. In addition to cytokine-driven differentiation of peripheral leukocytes including different subsets of T cells recent research suggests a pivotal role of these mediators also in phenotype polarization of resident glial cells. Cytokines thus represent the key mediators of the local and systemic immune response in CNS diseases and their orchestration significantly decides on either lesion progression or remission. The aim of the present review is to summarize the growing number of data focusing on the molecular basis of the immune response during spontaneous canine CNS diseases and to detail the effect of cytokines on the immune pathogenesis of selected idiopathic, infectious, and traumatic canine CNS diseases. Steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA) represents a unique idiopathic disease of leptomeningeal blood vessels characterized by excessive IgA secretion into the cerebrospinal fluid. Recent reports have given sophisticated insights into the cytokine-driven, immune-mediated pathogenesis of SRMA that is characterized by a biased T helper 2 cell response. Canine distemper associated leukoencephalitis represents an important spontaneously occurring disease that allows investigations on the basic pathogenesis of immune-mediated myelin loss. It is characterized by an early virus-induced up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines with chronic bystander immune-mediated demyelinating processes. Lastly, canine spinal cord injury (SCI) shares many similarities with the human counterpart and most commonly results from intervertebral disk disease. The knowledge of its pathogenesis is largely restricted to experimental studies in rodents, and the impact of immune processes that accompany secondary injury is discussed controversially. Recent investigations on canine SCI highlight the pivotal role of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression that is paralleled by a dominating reaction of microglia/macrophages potentially indicating a polarization of these immune cells into a neurotoxic and harmful phenotype. This report will review the role of cytokines in the immune processes of the mentioned representative canine CNS diseases and highlight the importance of cytokine/cytokine interaction as a useful therapeutic target in canine CNS diseases. 相似文献
13.
Crespo R Faux C Dhillon SA Newberry RC Moore DA 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2010,37(4):383-387
Keeping backyard poultry in urban areas is a burgeoning trend in the United States. As such, we believe urban pet poultry owners are increasingly likely to seek veterinary services from urban companion-animal practitioners. Traditionally, poultry species have been classified as production animals. Most small-animal practitioners have limited experience or knowledge of these species and hesitate to accept these animals at their practices. We developed a one-day course to train veterinarians in pet poultry (as opposed to commercial poultry) medicine. The course covers poultry examination, diseases, and treatments and provides an introduction to poultry breeds and behavior and the basics of nutrition and husbandry. We believe this type of continuing education program is important for veterinarians because they are often on the front line of human public health issues. In addition, courses of this type increase the number of veterinarians trained to spot serious avian diseases, including foreign diseases and diseases with zoonotic potential. Most important, veterinarians with this training develop the knowledge to contribute to the health and well-being of pet poultry along with their clients' other companion animals. 相似文献
14.
Vector-borne diseases, including canine heartworm disease (CHWD), are of major socioeconomic and canine health importance worldwide. Although many studies have provided insights into CHWD, to date there has been limited study of fundamental molecular aspects of Dirofilaria immitis itself, its relationship with the canine host, its vectors, as well as the potential of drug resistance to emerge, using advanced -omic technologies. This article takes a prospective view of the benefits that advanced -omics technologies will have toward understanding D. immitis and CHWD. Tackling key biological questions using these technologies will provide a "systems biology" context and could lead to radically new intervention and management strategies against heartworm. 相似文献
15.
A canine linkage map: 39 linkage groups 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
F. Lingaas T. Aarskaug J. A. Gerlach R. K. Juneja M. Fredholm J. Sampson N. Suter N. G. Holmes M. M. Binns E. J. Ryder W. A. Van Haeringen P. J. Venta J. A. Brouillette V. Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan A. N. Wilton P. Bredbacka M. Koskinen S. Dunner D. Parra S. Schmutz C. Schelling J. Schläpfer & G. Dolf 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2001,118(1):3-19
A low resolution canine marker map is an important tool in the further advancements in genetic analysis of dog breeds and the control and reduction of the frequency of inherited diseases. This study presents a genetic linkage analysis with 39 linkage groups using 222 polymorphic canine markers based on typing in the International DogMap reference families, consisting of 129 Beagle and German Shepherd dogs. Of these 39 linkage groups, 14 have been assigned to canine chromosomes by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). These results are a further refinement on the first linkage groups from the International DogMap collaboration and represent a continuing collaboration. 相似文献
16.
Knierim U 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,109(6):261-266
In the assessment of husbandry conditions with regard to farm animal welfare the probability or risk is evaluated to which extent the animals are feeling well or are prone to pain, suffering or physical harm under the specific husbandry conditions. It is emphasised that well-being is more than merely the absence of pain, suffering and physical harm. Well-being is defined as the experience of the extent of being able to successfully cope with the environment. Consequently, any prevention to actively and successfully interact with the environment may impair animal well-being. This situation often arises because of conflicts between husbandry conditions and innate species-specific behaviour programs, regardless of any domestication effects on the reactivity of the farm animals to their environment. Based on these presumptions, four broad categories of influence on the well-being of animals are identified and exemplary explained. On the side of the environment these are the extent of (1) physical opportunity to perform species-specific behaviour, (2) availability of adequate stimuli and substrates for this behaviour and (3) adequate learning opportunities, especially during rearing. On the animals' side it is the extent of (4) their genetically based bodily capacity to perform species-specific behaviour. Less behavioural restriction is associated with the likelihood that better well-being is safeguarded under the aspect of behaviour. For a full assessment with respect to animal welfare also health aspects and other variables as appropriate must be taken into account. The assessment is comparative by nature and does not in itself include any conclusion about the acceptability of certain conditions. 相似文献
17.
VN Meyers-Wallen 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(1):73-76
There is an ongoing revolution in medicine that is changing the way that veterinarians will be counselling clients regarding inherited disorders. Clinical applications will emerge rapidly in veterinary medicine as we obtain new information from canine and comparative genome projects ( Meyers‐Wallen 2001 : Relevance of the canine genome project to veterinary medical practice. International Veterinary Information Service, New York). The canine genome project is described by three events: mapping markers on canine chromosomes, mapping gene locations on canine chromosomes ( Breen et al. 2001 : Genome Res. 11, 1784–1795), and obtaining the nucleotide sequence of the entire canine genome. Information from such research has provided a few DNA tests for single gene mutations [ Aguirre 2000 : DNA testing for inherited canine diseases. In: Bonagura, J (ed), Current Veterinary Therapy XIII. Philadelphia WB Saunders Co, 909–913]. Eventually it will lead to testing of thousands of genes at a time and production of DNA profiles on individual animals. The DNA profile of each dog could be screened for all known genetic disease and will be useful in counselling breeders. As part of the pre‐breeding examination, DNA profiles of prospective parents could be compared, and the probability of offspring being affected with genetic disorders or inheriting desirable traits could be calculated. Once we can examine thousands of genes of individuals easily, we have powerful tools to reduce the frequency of, or eliminate, deleterious genes from a population. When we understand polygenic inheritance, we can potentially eliminate whole groups of deleterious genes from populations. The effect of such selection on a widespread basis within a breed could rapidly improve health within a few generations. However, until we have enough information on gene interaction, we will not know whether some of these genes have other functions that we wish to retain. And, other population effects should not be ignored. At least initially it may be best to use this new genetic information to avoid mating combinations that we know will produce affected animals, rather than to eliminate whole groups of genes from a population. This is particularly important for breeds with small gene pools, where it is difficult to maintain genetic diversity. Finally, we will eventually have enough information about canine gene function to select for specific genes encoding desirable traits and increase their frequencies in a population. This is similar to breeding practices that have been applied to animals for hundreds of years. The difference is that we will have a large pool of objective data that we can use rapidly on many individuals at a time. This has great potential to improve the health of the dog population as a whole. However, if we or our breeder clients make an error, we can inadvertently cause harm through massive, rapid selection. Therefore, we should probably not be advising clients on polygenic traits or recommend large scale changes in gene frequencies in populations until much more knowledge of gene interaction is obtained. By then it is likely that computer modelling will be available to predict the effect of changing one or several gene frequencies in a dog population over time. And as new mutations are likely to arise in the future, these tools will be needed indefinitely to detect, treat and eliminate genetic disorders from dog populations. Information available from genetic research will only be useful in improving canine health if veterinarians have the knowledge and skills to use it ethically and responsibly. There is not only a great potential to improve overall canine health through genetic selection, but also the potential to do harm if we fail to maintain genetic diversity. Our profession must be in a position to correctly advise clients on the application of this information to individual dogs as well as to populations of dogs, and particularly purebred dogs. 相似文献
18.
D Feddersen-Petersen 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1991,98(1):15-19
Introductory reflections are represented on the present human-canine relationship which often is disturbed respectively characterized by man's overdoings in any direction. Definition and differentiation of the multicausal variability of canine behaviour is given by a critical literature review and own studies on breed - specific behaviour differences and differences in human-canine relationships. The most common forms of canine abnormal behaviour are classified after BUCHHOLTZ (1989). Relation to man plays the main role in canine development. Isolation of man, for example, by growing up living in kennel and not within the family causes canine abnormal behaviour nearly predictable, as my results of sequence analysis verify. Congenital disorders with pathologic manifestation are still rare, relatively increasing is acquired abnormal behaviour following genetic disposition. Sensitive developmental phases as well as the human relationship are important for environmental adaptation. Aggression in dogs towards human for example often refers to isolated development in kennels. Nevertheless abnormal canine behaviour is often overdiagnosed. In many cases the underlying cause is a form of "ritualized misunderstanding" between dog and man depending on unrealistic conceptions and expectations of men about canine behaviour. This type of "abnormal" behaviour is easily curable by therapy. 相似文献
19.
Mich PM Hellyer PW Kogan L Schoenfeld-Tacher R 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2010,37(4):358-368
The prevention and management of pain is fundamental to the practice of both human and veterinary medicine. The recognition and treatment of pain represents an important indicator of the quality of care delivered in human hospitals and veterinary hospitals. Yet, both human and veterinary health care professionals have cited inadequate knowledge as a significant barrier to effective pain management. The aims of this pilot study were twofold: (1) to gauge veterinary medical students' current attitudes regarding their training in pain management and (2) to assess the impact of training and practice on the use of a canine acute pain assessment teaching tool. Participants, third-year professional veterinary medical students, completed a 16-item survey questionnaire before a 30-minute training session on pain assessment using the teaching tool and completed it again after training and a one-week practice period. Questions related to canine pain, assessment of canine pain, pain management education in the professional veterinary curriculum, and an example case presentation (video) were included in the survey. The analysis of survey results indicated that professional veterinary medicine students find value in didactic and clinical training in canine pain assessment. Additionally, use of the canine acute pain teaching tool in conjunction with a training program improved students' knowledge and skill in assessment while pointing out the importance of further training. Differences with regard to gender and tracking were found and warrant further exploration. 相似文献
20.
The distribution of incubation periods for most infectious diseases follows a logarithmic normal distribution (Sartwell's model). The same is true for human neoplastic diseases of known cause and for genetic diseases, when the age at onset of the disease was used as a surrogate measure of the incubation period. In this study, a similar distribution was observed when Sartwell's model was applied to canine diseases of known genetic cause, but not to diseases of an environmental cause. The model was also applied to canine diseases of suspected multifactorial causes for the purpose of distinguishing between the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors that act before or after birth. Limitations of this method were discussed. 相似文献