共查询到15条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
钢渣与生物质炭配合施用对红壤酸度的改良效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用厌氧热解方法制备污泥生物质炭和花生秸秆炭,研究了钢渣和生物质炭单独施用及配合施用对红壤酸度的改良效果,结果表明,钢渣、花生秸秆炭和污泥生物质炭均含有一定量的碱性物质,向红壤中添加钢渣和生物质炭可以中和土壤酸度,提高土壤pH,增加土壤交换性盐基阳离子含量,降低土壤交换性铝含量.90天培养实验结束时,这3种改良剂分别使土壤pH相对对照提高1.10、0.72和0.48.钢渣与花生秸秆炭配合施用对土壤酸度的改良效果最好,使土壤pH相对对照提高2.14,单施污泥生物质炭的改良效果最小.钢渣和生物质炭含一定量的养分元素,添加钢渣和生物质炭可以同时改善土壤肥力.钢渣含丰富的钙,添加钢渣使土壤交换性钙含量增幅最大,相对对照增加4.5倍;添加花生秸秆炭使土壤交换钾增加最显著,相对对照约增加7倍;污泥生物质炭含丰富的磷,添加污泥生物质炭使土壤有效磷增加最显著,相对对照增加5.4倍.添加钢渣和2种生物质炭均显著提高了土壤交换性镁含量,将钢渣与生物质炭配合施用,土壤交换性镁含量的增幅更大.由于钢渣和2种生物质炭的碱含量和养分含量各有特点,因此可以根据土壤酸度状况和养分含量选择将钢渣与不同生物质炭配合施用,以达到既能最大限度中和土壤酸度又能补充土壤所必需养分的目的. 相似文献
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秸秆及生物质炭对砖红壤酸度及交换性能的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
为合理运用秸秆材料改良热带地区砖红壤,采用室内培养试验研究了玉米秸秆及其制备的生物质炭对海南花岗岩母质发育的砖红壤的酸度和交换性能的影响。试验设单施生物质炭(B)、生物质炭和秸秆混合施用(BCS)、单施秸秆(CS)及对照(CK)共4个处理。结果表明,添加生物质炭和秸秆显著提高土壤p H、CEC、交换性盐基总量和盐基饱和度。秸秆和生物质炭可降低土壤交换性酸,尤其是交换性酸中交换性铝含量更是显著降低,表明生物碳和秸秆施用能够有效降低砖红壤酸度,提高交换性能。不同处理改良效果的大小顺序为CSBCSB。 相似文献
3.
农业废弃物制备的生物质炭对红壤酸度和油菜产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用自行研制的生物质炭化炉在田间条件下制备花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭,采集秸秆气化站产生的稻壳炭,研究了这3种生物质炭对酸性土壤的改良效果和对油菜产量的影响。结果表明:施用稻壳炭、花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭均可提高土壤p H,降低土壤交换性酸含量,效果随施用量的增加而增强。生物质炭对酸性土壤的改良效果主要决定于其本身的含碱量,施用花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭显著增加土壤交换性盐基阳离子、有效磷、有效阳离子交换量和盐基饱和度,并提高油菜籽产量。田间条件下施用花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭3年后土壤p H仍明显高于对照处理,说明生物质炭对土壤酸度的改良具有持续性。因此,花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭是优良的酸性土壤改良剂。 相似文献
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不同地区油菜秸秆制备的生物质炭对酸性红壤的改良效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从江西鹰潭、安徽宣城、江苏南京和淮阴等4个地区收集油菜秸秆,在500℃下厌氧热解制备生物质炭,比较生物质炭的pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量的差异,并在20 g/kg加入量下考察其对安徽宣城pH 4.1的酸性红壤改良效果。结果表明,江西鹰潭油菜秸秆炭pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量最低,安徽宣城油菜秸秆炭次之,江苏淮阴和南京油菜秸秆炭的相应参数值最高。当用这4种油菜秸秆炭改良土壤酸度时,改良效果表现为江苏淮阴>江苏南京>安徽宣城>江西鹰潭,与生物质炭pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量一致。因此,利用秸秆生物质炭改良土壤酸度时,不仅需要考虑炭化条件和秸秆类型,作物的产地差异也需要进行考量。 相似文献
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生物质炭中盐基离子存在形态及其与改良酸性土壤的关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为研究生物质炭中盐基离子存在形态及其与改良酸性土壤的关系,通过厌氧热解的方法于300、500和700℃下制备了玉米秸秆炭。考察了热解温度对玉米秸秆炭水溶性、交换性和盐基总量的影响。采用室内培养的方法考察了添加玉米秸秆炭对酸性土壤的改良效果。结果表明:热解温度影响玉米秸秆炭各形态盐基离子含量,玉米秸秆炭总K、总Na、总Ca、总Mg、水溶性K、水溶性Na、水溶性Ca、交换性Ca和交换性Mg含量随热解温度升高显著增加;水溶性Mg和交换性K含量随热解温度升高先增加后下降。玉米秸秆炭中的K和Na主要以水溶态存在,约40%的Ca和30%的Mg以交换态存在,约50%的Ca和70%的Mg以其他形态(主要为难溶态)存在。添加玉米秸秆炭能极显著提高酸性土壤pH和降低土壤交换性Al3+含量,提高和降低幅度随热解温度升高极显著增加。总K+总Na+总Ca+总Mg含量可以作为衡量玉米秸秆炭提高酸性土壤pH能力的间接指标。添加玉米秸秆炭能极显著提高土壤交换性K、Na和Mg含量,能显著提高交换性Ca和总盐基离子含量。玉米秸秆炭总K和总Na含量是提高土壤交换性K和Na含量的决定因素,交换性Ca含量在提高土壤交换性Mg和交换性盐基总量中起决定作用。 相似文献
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炭基肥添加对蜜柚果园酸性土壤pH和交换性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究炭基肥添加对蜜柚果园酸性土壤pH和交换性能的影响,设不添加肥料空白(CK)、只添加尿素(N)、水稻秸秆炭基肥(rice straw biochar-based fertilizer,BR)和竹屑炭基肥(bamboo biochar-based fertilizer,BB)各4个用量梯度(2.5,5,10,20 g/kg)且配施尿素处理,开展60天室内培养试验。结果表明:随着培养进行,BR和BB处理土壤pH均先升高后降低,交换性酸和交换性盐基离子含量呈上升趋势。培养60天时,随着BR和BB施用量增加,对提升土壤pH、CEC及盐基饱和度,降低交换性酸、交换性铝等效果越明显,且BR效果优于BB。与N处理相比,BR和BB使土壤pH分别提升0.24~3.43和0.21~3.40个单位,交换性酸分别降低45.55%~97.25%和34.01%~96.70%,[JP]交换性铝分别降低46.95%~99.75%和38.99%~99.00%,CEC分别提升7.02%~170.74%和6.52%~134.90%,盐基饱和度分别增加29.40%~51.61%和32.08%~53.90%。施用炭基肥可以提高蜜柚果园酸性土壤pH,减少土壤交换性酸,大幅度降低交换性铝含量,同时提升土壤CEC和盐基饱和度。蜜柚果园土壤酸化治理炭基肥适宜用量为2.5~5.0 g/kg,水稻秸秆炭基肥效果优于竹屑炭基肥。研究结果为蜜柚果园酸化土壤治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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三种植物物料对两种茶园土壤酸度的改良效果 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
用室内培养实验研究了稻草、花生秸秆和紫云英在 5、10 和 20 g/kg 的加入量水平下对茶园黄棕壤和茶园红壤酸度的改良效果.结果表明:除了黄棕壤加入紫云英处理会降低土壤的 pH 外,其余所有加入植物物料的处理均使土壤 pH 有不同程度的增加,使土壤交换性酸和交换性Al的数量减小,使土壤交换性盐基阳离子和盐基饱和度增加.有机物料对土壤酸度的改良效果与有机物料灰化碱和N含量有关,灰化碱和有机N的矿化使土壤 pH 升高,NH4+-N的硝化使土壤 pH 降低.3种植物物料中花生秸秆对土壤酸度的改良效果优于紫云英和稻草.加入植物物料使红壤中有毒形态Al的浓度显著减小,说明植物物料能够缓解红壤中Al对植物的毒害. 相似文献
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富里酸对红壤酸度的改良及酸化阻控效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用采自安徽由第四纪红色黏土发育的红壤(红黏土)和采自江西由第三纪红砂岩发育的红壤(红砂土)进行室内培养试验,研究了添加富里酸对红壤酸度的改良效果和红壤酸化的阻控效果。结果表明,添加富里酸显著提高了两种土壤的pH,并且随着富里酸添加量的增加对土壤pH的提升效果逐渐增加,添加50g/kg富里酸处理红黏土和红砂土的土壤pH分别由对照的4.31和4.69提高至5.91和5.97。添加富里酸也提高了两种土壤的pH缓冲容量(pHBC),因而提高了土壤的抗酸化能力。与土壤pH的变化趋势相似,富里酸对土壤pHBC的提升效果也随其加入量的增加而增加。添加50 g/kg富里酸时,红黏土和红砂土的pHBC分别由对照的20.73和7.78 mmol/(kg×pH)提高至35.31和23.30 mmol/(kg×pH),分别比对照提高了0.70倍和1.99倍。添加富里酸不仅可以有效改良红壤酸度,还可以提高红壤的抗酸化能力。富里酸对红砂土酸化的阻控效果明显优于对红黏土。 相似文献
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This investigation was conducted by using alkaline slag and crop straw biochars to reduce acidity of an acidic Ultisol through incubation and pot experiments with lime as a comparison. The soil was amended with different liming materials： lime（1 g kg^-1）,alkaline slag（2 and 4 g kg^-1）, peanut straw biochar（10 and 20 g kg^-1）, canola straw biochar（10 and 20 g kg^-1） and combinations of alkaline slag（2 g kg^-1） and biochars（10 g kg^-1） in the incubation study. A pot experiment was also conducted to observe the soybean growth responses to the above treatments. The results showed that all the liming materials increased soil p H and decreased soil exchangeable acidity. The higher the rates of alkaline slag, biochars, and alkaline slag combined with biochars, the greater the increase in soil p H and the reduction in soil exchangeable acidity. All the amendments increased the levels of one or more soil exchangeable base cations. The lime treatment increased soil exchangeable Ca^2＋, the alkaline slag treatment increased exchangeable Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋ levels, and the biochars and combined applications of alkaline slag with biochars increased soil exchangeable Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋ and K^＋ and soil available P. The amendments enhanced the uptake of one or more nutrients of N, P, K, Ca and Mg by soybean in the pot experiment. Of the different amendments, the combined application of alkaline slag with crop straw biochars was the best choice for increasing base saturation and reducing soil acidity of the acidic Ultisol. The combined application of alkaline slag with biochars led to the greatest reduction in soil acidity, increased soil Ca, Mg, K and P levels, and enhanced the uptake of Ca, Mg, K and P by soybean plants. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15):1913-1921
A biochar was generated from fungus chaff at 300 °C, and the ameliorating effects of fungus chaff and its biochar on an acidic Ultisol were compared using incubation experiments. Incorporation of fungus chaff and its biochar significantly increased soil pH and soil exchangeable base cations but decreased soil exchangeable acidity. The ameliorating effect was greater for the biochar than the fungus chaff, and thus the biochar was a better amendment for acidic soil than its feedstock of fungus chaff. The biochar ameliorated soil acidity mainly through the release of its contained alkaline substances, while fungus chaff increased pH of acidic soils through two mechanisms: release of alkaline substances and inhibition of soil nitrification. The incorporation of fungus chaff increased soil-available organic carbon and thus accelerated the microbial assimilation of inorganic nitrogen, while incorporation of fungus chaff biochar enhanced nitrification due to increased soil pH. 相似文献
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The amelioration of an acid Alfisol from a tea garden was studied by incorporating various plant materials: canola straw, wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, soybean straw, peanut straw, faba bean straw, Chinese milk vetch shoot and pea straw prior to incubation for a maximum of 65 days. Soil pH increased after incubation with all the incorporated materials with the legumes causing the largest increases. The final soil pH was correlated with ash alkalinity ( r 2 = 0.73), base cations ( r 2 = 0.74) and N content ( r 2 = 0.93) of the applied materials. It was assumed that the incubation released the base cations in plant materials as they decomposed which ultimately increased the base cation saturation of the soil. Similarly, soil exchangeable Al was also decreased with the incorporation of the legume plant materials and corn straw and rice straw. Our investigation demonstrated that legumes are the preferred choice for controlling the soil acidity and also for reducing the toxicity of Al in acid soils. 相似文献
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Biochar was prepared using a low temperature pyrolysis method from nine plant materials including non‐leguminous straw from canola, wheat, corn, rice and rice hull and leguminous straw from soybean, peanut, faba bean and mung bean. Soil pH increased during incubation of the soil with all nine biochar samples added at 10 g/kg. The biochar from legume materials resulted in greater increases in soil pH than from non‐legume materials. The addition of biochar also increased exchangeable base cations, effective cation exchange capacity, and base saturation, whereas soil exchangeable Al and exchangeable acidity decreased as expected. The liming effects of the biochar samples on soil acidity correlated with alkalinity with a close linear correlation between soil pH and biochar alkalinity (R2 = 0.95). Therefore, biochar alkalinity is a key factor in controlling the liming effect on acid soils. The incorporation of biochar from crop residues, especially from leguminous plants, can both correct soil acidity and improve soil fertility. 相似文献
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通过调节土壤氮素转化提高有机物料对红壤酸度的改良效果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过培养试验,比较研究了油菜秸秆、稻草、香樟叶和豌豆秸秆单独施用以及油菜秸秆、稻草和香樟叶与豌豆秸秆混合施用对红壤酸度的改良效果。结果表明,在60天培养期内,添加4种物料均提高了土壤pH。培养试验结束时香樟叶、油菜秸秆、豌豆秸秆和稻草分别使土壤pH相对对照增加0.53、0.42、0.30和0.26。对于灰化碱含量很高的非豆科物料如香樟,其对土壤酸度的改良效果主要来源于物料所含碱性物质和物料对土壤硝化反应的抑制,但对灰化碱含量较低的非豆科物料如油菜秸秆和稻草,其改良效果主要来源于后者。豆科类豌豆秸秆主要通过所含碱性物质和有机氮矿化提高土壤pH,但培养试验后期铵态氮硝化反应释放的质子抵消了其部分改良效果。将油菜秸秆、稻草和香樟叶与豌豆秸秆配合施用,使硝化反应受到一定程度的抑制,提高了物料对土壤酸度的改良效果。培养试验结束时,香樟叶、稻草和油菜秸秆与豌豆秸秆配合施用比豌豆秸秆单独施用土壤pH分别高0.25、0.18和0.12。研究发现,香樟叶灰化碱含量很高,无论单独施用,还是与豌豆秸秆配合施用均有很好的改良效果,因此在南方地区推广种植香樟可以通过其凋落物修复酸化的森林土壤。 相似文献