共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):1397-1412
Abstract Concentration of P in ear leaf samples at silking is widely used to detect P deficiency in maize. Ear leaf P concentration failed to indicate P deficiencies that were indicated by P concentration in shoots at the 4‐ to 6‐leaf stage in a field study in Ontario, Canada. To determine which samples were a better indicator of P deficiency, plant analysis data from Ontario field studies in which grain yield responded to P were interpreted using sufficiency ranges and DRIS methods. Ear leaf P concentration and P index usually failed to detect P deficiency and were only slightly affected by P fertilization. For shoots at the 4‐ to 6‐leaf stage, P concentration and P index usually correctly detected P deficiencies. Concentration of P and P index values for seedling shoots changed rapidly during early growth, resulting in diagnoses that varied with sampling time. The ear leaf at silking should be disregarded as an indicator of P deficiency for maize in Ontario. Reliable methods of assessing P nutrition of maize during early growth need to be developed. 相似文献
2.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):1056-1071
Most fertilizer phosphorus (P) rate recommendations for the north-central United States are based on combination of a critical soil-test P value and a mass-balance calculation of fertilizer P required to maintain critical soil-test P. Accurate estimates of grain P removal are an essential component of P mass-balance calculation. Current north-central extension service guidelines recommend that estimates of corn and soybean grain P removal should be calculated using constant grain P concentrations. We reviewed research from the north-central region to determine the extent to which variation in grain P concentration accounts for differences in crop P removal and to determine whether predictions of grain P concentration can be improved through consideration of soil-test P, crop yield, and fertilizer P application. We found that soil-test P, grain yield, and fertilizer P are predictor variables that may significantly improve estimates of grain P concentration for corn and soybeans. 相似文献
3.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):1288-1298
Acidic soils typically suffer from high phosphorus (P) retention, a problem that can be dealt with using greater P fertilization, soil liming, or both. The aim of this work was to examine which of these practices bears the more beneficial result for Lolium perenne L. growth. In a pot experiment, five acidic soils were treated as follows: L0P0 (unamended control), L1P0 (liming only), L0P1 (P addition only), and L1P1 (both liming and P addition). We found that P amendment alone was sufficient to increase plant P levels when the initial soil P concentrations were low. Liming without P addition increased plant P satisfactorily only in the high-P soil. We conclude that P addition alone is a better practice than liming alone for improved plant growth conditions in acidic, low-P soils, unless there is relatively high P content in soil, in which case liming alone may be sufficient to increase P availability. 相似文献
4.
磷锌配施对石灰性土壤磷锌有效性及小麦对其吸收分配的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
针对磷锌在土壤-植物系统中复杂的交互作用,本文采用盆栽试验,研究了磷锌配施对石灰性土壤中磷锌有效性及小麦对其吸收分配的影响。结果表明,施锌明显增加了土壤中DTPA提取态锌含量,土壤中DTPA提取态锌含量随着施磷水平的提高逐渐增加;施磷明显增加了土壤中速效磷含量,在相同施磷水平下,土壤中速效磷含量随施锌量的增加而增加;施锌提高了小麦茎叶和籽粒锌含量,且在各施锌背景下随施磷量的增加明显地降低了小麦茎叶中锌含量,但提高了籽粒中锌含量。施磷提高了小麦茎叶和籽粒磷含量。在低磷水平(不施磷和施21.82 mg kg-1)时,施锌对茎叶中磷含量的提高作用明显,且随施锌浓度的提高而提高,但籽粒中磷含量逐渐降低;而在高磷水平(174.56 mg kg-1)下,施锌则降低了小麦植株茎叶中磷含量,而籽粒中磷含量却随施锌水平的提高而提高。因此,石灰性土壤中施磷肥提高了土壤中锌的有效性,而锌也提高了磷的有效性,同时发现施磷降低了小麦茎叶中锌含量,促进了锌元素从植株向籽粒的运输,增加了小麦籽粒中锌含量,但是在低磷条件下,施锌提高了茎叶磷含量,却降低了籽粒磷含量,而在高磷条件下,施锌降低了茎叶磷含量,提高了籽粒含量。 相似文献
5.
S. B. Phillips W. R. Raun G. V. Johnson W. E. Thomason 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):251-261
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production on acid soils can be greatly affected by reduced phosphorus (P) availability. At low pH (below 5.5), iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) react with P to form highly insoluble compounds that severely reduce the amount of plant available P. Previous research suggested that supersaturating localized P fertilizer bands with respect to Ca2+ could induce precipitation of applied P as dicalcium phosphate (DCP) or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) which would slowly become plant available with time. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dual‐band applications of P and gypsum on winter wheat forage and grain yield. Methods of application included P and gypsum banded with the seed, P and gypsum broadcast, and P banded and gypsum broadcast at rates of 29 and 58 kg P ha‐1 and 22 and 44 kg S as gypsum ha‐1. Sources of P included diammonium phosphate (DAP; 18–20–0) and triple superphosphate (TSP; 0–20–0). Grain and forage yields increased when P was applied. Dual‐band applications of P and gypsum increased wheat grain and forage yields compared to P banded without gypsum, and P banded and gypsum broadcast. When DAP was the P source, the N‐P band reduced yields compared to P banded alone or the N‐P‐gypsum band. This suggests that gypsum should be included in the band for maximum benefit. Precipitation of DCPD and DCP may have taken place within the dual P‐gypsum band, reducing fertilizer P fixed as Fe or Al hydroxides thus increasing long‐term P availability for winter wheat forage and grain production on acid soils. 相似文献
6.
蔬菜地土壤磷饱和度及其对磷释放和水质的影响 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
为了解蔬菜地土壤磷素的积累对水环境的影响,我们在浙江省选择了33个代表性蔬菜地,采集和分析了土壤、地表水和地下水样的磷素状况,从土壤磷饱和度的角度,研究了浙江省主要蔬菜土壤磷积累状况及其对地表和地下水水质和土壤磷释放潜力的影响。结果表明,半透膜渗析法测得的磷释放量与土壤磷积累呈正相关,磷释放量随土壤磷饱和度的提高而增加。蔬菜地土壤磷饱和度的增加可显著提高地表水体和地下水中磷的浓度,当土壤磷饱和度小于25%左右时,水体中磷浓度随土壤磷饱和度增加较为缓慢;但当磷饱和度大于25%时,水体中磷浓度随土壤磷饱和度提高迅速上升。地表水中磷浓度主要与表层土壤磷饱和度有关;地下水中磷浓度主要受深层土壤磷饱和度的影响,与表层土壤磷饱和度的相关性较小。土壤磷饱和度可很好地表征土壤磷释放和对环境的潜在影响。 相似文献
7.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):3205-3215
Plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may enhance the plant availability of phosphorus (P) in soil. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted cultivating maize (Zea mays L.) on a P-deficient soil. Three bacterial treatments (control without PGPR and application of either Enterobacter radicincitans sp. nov. strain DSM 16656 or Pseudomonas fluorescens strain DR54) were tested in conjunction with three P treatments [no P addition, inorganic P as triplesuperphosphate (TSP), and organic P as phytin] at two different growth stages of maize (V6 and V9). Amendment with TSP enhanced growth, P uptake, and highly bioavailable P pools in soil to a greater extent than phytin. In contrast, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formation of maize roots after phytin application doubled those for the TSP treatment or the control without P. Application of PGPR was also able to increase AM formation and P uptake of maize, especially when no P source was added. Furthermore, P. fluorescens inoculation resulted in an increase of highly soluble soil P pools at the early growth stage. Greater impacts of phytin on P nutrition of maize may exist in a longer term as a result of slow P release and promotion of AM fungi. Benefits to maize P nutrition derived from PGPR application can be expected under P deficiency. 相似文献
8.
Wang Jun Liu Ping Liu Zhiyong Wu Zhansheng Li Yongshen 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(16):2349-2357
Low soil phosphorus (P) availability and drought are the most recognized growth-limiting factors for the cotton production in arid regions. A pot experiment with P-efficient (Xinluzao19, X19) and P-inefficient (Xinluzao19, X26) cotton cultivars was conducted to investigate the effects of P and drought on dry matter accumulation and P efficiency. Results showed that biomass and chlorophyll content of leaves increased significantly with the increase in soil P content, whereas the root:shoot ratio decreased dramatically. Drought increased the root:shoot ratio, but the chlorophyll content of leaves remained stable. The yield of X19 increased with the increase in soil P content. For X26, the highest yield was attained under the medium P content. Under drought conditions, root P efficiency ratio, P absorption efficiency, and P transfer efficiency were all proportional to P concentration, whereas P utilization was inversely proportional. Compared with X26, X19 presented higher P absorption efficiency and P utilization but lower root P efficiency ratio and P transfer efficiency. It suggested thatthe application of phosphate fertilizer under drought could increase the root P efficiency ratio, P absorption efficiency, and P transfer efficiency, thereby enhancing the ability of stress resistance of cotton and significantly increasing biomass as well as cotton yield. 相似文献
9.
Phosphorus (P) can be added to soil as inorganic P or crop‐residue P, but little is known about how these two forms of P addition affect soil P pools and how their effect changes with the rate of P addition. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to assess the effect of inorganic P and P added as residues at different rates on (1) soil P pools at two time points: immediately after amendment and 42 d later, and (2) growth and P uptake by wheat at flowering (day 42). Three types of legume residues (faba bean young shoot, chickpea mature shoots with pods, and white lupin mature shoots without pods) were added to a loamy‐sand soil at a rate of 5 or 15 g residue kg–1. Inorganic P was added at four different rates (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg P kg–1) to give P‐addition rates corresponding to the total P added with the different residues at the two residue rates. Soil P pool concentrations (microbial P, resin‐P, NaHCO3‐P, NaOH‐P, HCl‐P, and residual P) and wheat growth and P uptake (shoot and root) were measured after 6 weeks. Compared to inorganic P addition, P added with residues led to a 10%–80% greater increase in shoot biomass at the two highest P‐addition rates. Wheat P uptake was positively correlated with resin‐P and microbial‐P concentrations in residue‐P‐amended soil, but with resin‐P and NaOH‐Pi concentrations in soil amended with inorganic P. The concentration of HCl‐P decreased by up to 30% from day 0 to day 42 in the residue treatments and that of residual P decreased by about 20% in all treatments during this period suggesting that these nonlabile P pools are quite dynamic and could serve as P source for plants. 相似文献
10.
Neither the phosphorus (P)‐rich soils in urban areas nor their environmental implications have been adequately studied. This study investigated soils of typical urban function zones in Nanjing/China, like park, residential areas, school yards, campus as well as suburb vegetable land and garbage filling sites, and meantime ground water in situ. Typical soils were also experimentally leached for P leaching evaluation. All studied soils were enriched with P with enrichment ratios varying from 2 to 10 for total P and 5 to 22 for NaHCO3‐extractable P, as compared with the original parent soils. The C : P ratios also indicated strong enrichment of P in urban soils. In urban areas the maximum P layer appeared as buried under different depth while in suburban soils as epipedon. The various morphology of P distribution suggested different soil formation patterns, which were related to the land use history. Groundwater P was significantly correlated with the maximum extractable P content of P in soil profiles and even better with the weighted average P content of the whole profile or P content of the soil layer at or close to groundwater table. Dissolved P in experimental leachate was comparable with that of groundwater but higher than environmentally acceptable level. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between solution P and different extractable P forms of the studied soils. Simple P tests can provide an evaluation of the potential risk of urban soils in discharging P to water system. 相似文献
11.
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(12):1502-1512
During the incineration of turkey manure, a wide variety and concentration of nutrients are conserved in the turkey manure ash (TMA). In particular, the high concentration of citrate-soluble phosphorus (P) (43 g kg?1) may make it a suitable P source for crop production. The ash is alkaline with a pH of 12.2. We conducted a soil incubation study using a low-P soil with a pH of 6.2 to evaluate the effects of TMA on soil pH and extractable P. Two TMA rates, based on citrate-soluble P (10.9 and 21.9 mg kg?1), were compared with equivalent rates of triple superphosphate (TSP). In addition, a 0-P control was included. At the rates tested, TMA slightly increased soil pH, but this increase would be of minor agronomic importance. At equivalent P rates, changes in water-soluble P (WSP) concentrations with TMA and TSP were similar. Changes in iron-oxide-strip–extractable P (FeO P) and Bray 1 P concentrations were greater with TMA than with TSP. In contrast, changes in Olsen P concentrations were greater with TSP than with TMA for up to 32 days. For TMA, the ability of the tests to extract P was ranked, from highest to lowest, as Bray 1 P > FeO P > Olsen P > WSP, and for TSP they were ranked Bray 1 P ≥ Olsen P ≥ FeO P > WSP. However, the Bray 1 P and FeO P tests tended to overestimate plant-available P because they measured more citrate-soluble P than that added with TMA. We conclude that TMA can be used as a P source for crop production and that the Olsen test may provide a better estimate of plant-available P in TMA-amended soil. 相似文献
13.
Phosphorus sorption,supply potential and availability in soils with contrasting parent material and soil chemical properties 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Soil phosphorus (P) management requires a more targeted and soil‐specific approach than is currently applied for agronomic recommendations and environmental evaluation. Phosphorus buffering capacities control the supply of P in the soil solution and were measured across Irish soils with contrasting parent material and chemical properties. Langmuir sorption buffer capacities (MBCs) and binding energies (b) were strongly correlated with soil pH and extractable aluminium (Al). A broken‐line regression fitted to the relationship between MBC and Al derived a change‐point value for Al above which MBC increased linearly. Soils above the change point were predominantly acidic to neutral with non‐calcareous parent material, with larger buffering capacities and binding energies than calcareous soils. Ratios of Mehlich3‐Al and P (Al:P) were used to relate buffering capacity to supply potential in non‐calcareous soils. Large ratios of Al:P were associated with poor P availability, characteristic of strongly P‐fixing soils. Threshold values of iron‐oxide paper strip P (FeO‐P) and Morgan's P revealed Al:P ratios where soils began to supply P in available form. The change‐point for Morgan's P fell within the current target index for P availability; however, the confidence interval was more compatible with previous agronomic P indices used in Ireland. Relationships between Morgan's P and measures of extractable P, M3‐P and Olsen P, deviated in calcareous soils at large soil P contents, indicative of P precipitation processes dominating in these soils. Identifying differences in soil P buffering capacity at the laboratory scale would improve agronomic and environmental assessment at field and catchment scales. 相似文献
14.
施用常规磷水平的80%可实现玉米高产、磷素高效利用和土壤磷平衡 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
15.
氮硅磷肥配施提高四川春玉米的氮磷钾吸收和产量 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
16.
Mao-Xu Zhu Kui-Ying Ding Xin Jiang Hai-Hua Wang 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,183(1-4):455-465
Agricultural soils high in both fluoride (F) and phosphate (P) are common due to long-term accumulation of F from multi-sources and extensive application of phosphate fertilizers. Iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) (hydro)oxides in acidic soils serve as main geochemical sinks of both P and F, influencing their transport and bioavailability. Though sorption of P and F in their single-ion system has been extensively investigated, studies on co-sorption of F and P on soils are very limited. In this study, the batch technique was used to investigate mutual effects of F and P on their co-sorption/desorption in an acidic red soil with high contents of Fe and Al (hydro)oxides. Results indicate that, in F–P coexisting system, a decrease in pH enhances the sorption of both F and P. An increase in F concentration suppresses P sorption due to competitive effect. However, F sorption can be improved in the presence of P due to surface precipitation of (Al,Fe)–F–P. Sorption of F and P follows both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Different orders of F and P addition into the soil have no appreciable effect on P sorption, but exert significant impact on F sorption. The presence of F has no measurable effect on P desorption, while the stability of F in the presence of P can be significantly diminished in comparison with that in the absence of P, which would lead to an improvement of F mobility. 相似文献
17.
Phosphorus forms and enzymatic hydrolyzability of organic phosphorus in soils after 30 years of organic and conventional farming 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Martina Keller Astrid Oberson Kathrin E. Annaheim Federica Tamburini Paul Mäder Jochen Mayer Emmanuel Frossard Else K. Bünemann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(3):385-393
Lower P‐input levels in organic than conventional farming can decrease soil total and available P, which can potentially be resupplied from soil organic P. We studied the effect of 30 y of conventional and organic farming on soil P forms, focussing especially on organic P. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were taken in a field experiment with a nonfertilized control, two organic systems receiving P inputs as animal manure, and two conventional systems receiving only mineral P or mineral P and manure. Soils were analyzed for total, inorganic, organic, and microbial P, by sequential P fractionation and by enzyme additions to alkaline soil extracts. Samples taken prior to starting the experiment were also analyzed. Average annual P balances ranged from –20 to +5 kg ha–1. For systems with a negative balance, labile and moderately labile inorganic P fractions decreased, while organic and stable inorganic P fractions were hardly affected. Similar quantities and proportions of organic P extracted with NaOH‐EDTA were hydrolyzed in all soils after addition of an acid phosphatase, a nuclease, and a phytase, and enzyme‐stable organic P was also similar among soils. Thus, neither sequential fractionation nor enzyme addition to alkaline soil extracts showed an effect of the type of applied P (manure vs. mineral) on organic P, suggesting that organic P from manure has largely been mineralized. Thus far, we have no indication that the greater microbial activity of the organic systems resulted in a use of stable P forms. 相似文献
18.
Ghazi N. Al‐Karaki 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):351-358
Root nodulation by rhizobial bacteria and P fertilization may affect seed protein and lipid composition in plants by altering nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition or by eliciting metabolic responses by the host plant. This study was conducted to determine the effects of rhizobium and P fertilization on seed protein and lipid contents and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Lentil was grown to maturity in a greenhouse with P levels of 0 (low) and 50 (high) mg kg‐1 soil with or without inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria. At the low level of P, protein and lipid concentrations and protein contents were significantly higher in inoculated than in uninoculated plants. Seed dry weight and protein concentrations and contents were higher in inoculated than in uninoculated plants at the high level of P. Seed protein/lipid (Pro/L) concentration ratios varied between inoculated and uninoculated plants at both P levels, and was related to the intensity of root nodulation. Lipid and protein contents were highly correlated with P content in lentil seeds. Seed lipid and protein contents were lower at the high level of P in uninoculated than inoculated plants. The data indicate different patterns of seed P accumulation and different relationships between seed P content and protein and lipid contents in inoculated and uninoculated plants. This might indicate that the intensity of nodulation altered the response of seed protein and lipid metabolism to increasing P availability, which affected protein and lipid ratios. 相似文献
19.
Primary determinants of crop production in arid/semiarid regions are lack of moisture and infertility, especially phosphorus (P) deficiency or unavailability. The effects of P and water stress (WS) levels on shoot and root dry matter (DM), leaf area, root volume, total root length, and shoot and root P concentrations and contents were determined in two bean [Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, cv ‘Tepary #21’ ("drought‐resistant") and P. vulgaris L., cv “Emerson’ ("drought‐sensitive")] and two sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv SA7078 ("drought‐resistant") and ‘Redlan’ ("drought‐sensitive")] cultivars grown in nutrient solution. Plants were grown with different levels of P (20 and 100 μM for bean and 20, 80, and 160 μM for sorghum) when seedlings were transferred to nutrient solution, and WS levels of 0, 13.8, and 1 6.4% polyethylene glycol (PEG‐8000) introduced after plants had grown in solution 23 days (bean) and 31 days (sorghum). All growth traits were lower when bean and sorghum plants were grown with WS and low P. Growth traits were higher in cultivars grown with high compared to low P regardless of WS. Root P concentration and content and shoot content, but not shoot P concentration, were lower when bean plants were grown with WS compared to without WS. Tepary #21 bean had higher shoot DM, leaf area, total root length, and shoot P concentration than Emerson when plants were grown with WS at each level of P. Sorghum shoot and root P concentrations were higher as P level increased regardless of WS, and WS had little effect on shoot P concentration, but root P concentration was higher. Contents of P were similar for SA7078 and Redlan regardless of P or WS treatment, but SA7078 had greater P contents than Redlan over all P and WS treatments. “Drought‐resistant”; cultivars generally had better growth traits, especially total and specific root lengths, than “drought‐sensitive”; cultivars. 相似文献
20.
山东石灰性潮土、褐土无机磷的形态、转化和有效性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用蒋柏藩、顾益初提出的“石灰性土壤无机磷分级方法”研究了山东省石灰性潮土、褐土、砂姜黑土的无机磷组成、转化和对作物的有效性。结果表明,石灰性土壤无机磷中以Ca10-P占绝对优势,约占无机磷总量的54.52％,其次为O-P,占21.55％,Al-P、Fe-P,Ca8-P分别占5～10％,Ca2-P只有1.08％;在土壤剖面中各级无机磷皆随剖面深度增加而减少;水溶性磷肥施入土壤后,在作物一个生长季节内主要转化成Ca8-P,占全部转化量的50～70％,其次是Ca2-P,占10～30％,Al-P占11～13％,Fe-P很少,占5％左右;在各级无机磷中对作物有效性顺序是Ca2-P>Al-P、Fe-P>Ca8-P>O-P、Ca10-P。 相似文献