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采用淋洗施肥修复方法处理石油污染盐碱土壤,评价该修复方法对石油污染盐碱土壤的修复效果,并且采用最大或然数法和Biolog方法对土壤微生物数量和微生物群落水平生理特性进行研究。结果表明,经过182d的培养,淋洗施肥处理中油和脂的降解率分别比对照处理和施肥处理高（19.7±4.3）%和（13.8±3.4）%,土壤盐分去除率分别比对照处理和施肥处理高（66.5±2.9）%和（41.3±6.2）%,说明该处理是一种修复石油污染盐碱土壤的有效方式。淋洗施肥处理明显提高异养细菌、石油烃降解菌、烷烃降解菌和多环芳烃降解菌数量和土壤微生物活性,促进了微生物对土壤中油和脂的降解。此外,淋洗施肥处理提高了土壤微生物Shannon多样性指数和Simpson指数,促进了微生物种群的稳定,这暗示着土壤微生物种群正在逐渐恢复。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨陇东黄土高原地区油污土壤场地修复过程中土壤环境因子对季节变化的响应机制,为油污土壤植物微生物联合生态修复的推广应用提供参考。[方法]利用陇东适生植物"金盏菊"联合土著石油降解菌剂开展为期285d的场地原位修复试验,采用常规方法测定不同季节土壤理化特性、酶活性和微生物群落特性等环境指标。[结果](1)场地修复过程中土壤TPHs降解率在夏(24.62%±3.96%)秋(29.93%±1.94%)两季明显高于春(3.82%±0.91%)冬(9.24%±0.87%)两季;(2)季节变化和强化处理对油污土壤酶活性和理化特性存在显著交互效应(p0.05)。土壤pH值、含盐率和有机质含量在秋季明显降低(p0.05),而土壤速效养分均在夏秋含量最高(p0.05);(3)春季土壤微生物群落Evenness指数偏低(p0.05),夏季Richness指数明显增加(p0.05),Shannon-Wiener指数在夏秋两季明显高于其他季节(p0.05);(4)NMDS排序结果显示,夏秋两季分异于其他季节主要与土壤微生物群落Richness指数(r2=0.706 3,p=0.002)和速效磷(r2=0.615 7,p=0.005)有关;(5)低温季节影响土壤TPHs降解率的因素主要是土壤理化特性和土壤酶活性的叠加效应(54%),而夏秋两季土壤理化特性、土壤酶活性和土壤微生物特性三者的共同作用可解释土壤TPHs降解率变异的74%。[结论]土壤微生物群落Evenness指数和土壤酶活性偏低是造成春冬两季土壤TPHs降解率偏低,而土壤微生物群落ShannonWiener指数、Richness指数、速效磷含量和生物强化处理有效化水平是陇东地区夏秋两季土壤TPHs降解率明显增加的主要环境因素。 相似文献
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玉米秸秆腐解规律及土壤微生物功能多样性研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
试验以玉米长期连作和玉米—小麦轮作土壤为研究对象,采用网袋法设定秸秆覆盖和深埋2个还田处理,间隔不同时间取样,分析秸秆腐解特征及土壤微生物群落功能多样性。结果表明,针对不同土壤来说,玉米—小麦轮作土壤中2种秸秆还田方式下(T1和T2),玉米秸秆腐解速率、养分(N、P和K)释放率均高于玉米长期连作土壤(CT1和CT2);不同秸秆腐解时间下,土壤微生物群落功能多样性各处理表现不同。总的来说,T1和T2处理的微生物群落平均颜色变化率、丰富度指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数均高于CT1和CT2。在玉米长期连作种植区,秸秆深埋比秸秆覆盖能更有效提高玉米秸秆腐解率和改善土壤微生物群落结构的功能多样性。 相似文献
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实际污染土壤中有机污染物通常以复合污染状态存在,有机复合污染物的微生物降解过程及其作用机制显得更为复杂。土壤微生物类群多样,具有丰富的功能多样性。而有机复合污染物的降解通常由微生物组操控,通过微生物群落代谢网络完成污染物的去除。近年来,研究者逐渐关注有机复合污染土壤中微生物群落适应机制-微生物组转化过程-合成微生物组设计-原位微生物组修复等方面的研究,对认知污染土壤治理和修复具有重要的科学意义。本文以具有代谢协同性及功能互补性的微生物组为切入点,系统阐述土壤中有机复合污染物的微生物组转化机制与调控原理等,探讨微生物组在复合污染土壤绿色可持续原位生物修复中的发展前景。 相似文献
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微生物群落碳代谢功能多样性对土壤管理具有重要指示作用,以福建省宁化县紫色土水土侵蚀区油茶人工林不同坡位土壤为研究对象,采用Biolog技术对天然有机物料有机肥(T1)、有机无机复合肥(T2)、禽畜粪便有机(T3)共3种有机肥处理以及不施肥处理(CK)下的土壤微生物碳源利用能力进行了研究。研究结果显示:T1、T2、T3处理下不同坡位土壤的吸光值平均颜色变化率(AWCD)相比于施肥前都有所增加,而CK处理土壤AWCD值无显著变化,不同处理下土壤AWCD值提高的大小顺序表现为T2T1T3CK;Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数以及McIntosh优势度指数大小顺序均表现为T2T1T3CK;相同处理下不同坡位土壤AWCD值、Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数以及McIntosh均匀度指数大小顺序总体呈现下坡中坡上坡;Shannon指数与土壤容重和自然含水率呈极显著或显著负相关,与pH值、全碳和全氮含量呈极显著或显著正相关;McIntosh指数与土壤容重、自然含水率、pH值、全碳和全氮含量呈极显著或显著正相关;氨基酸类是各处理后土壤微生物利用的主要碳源类型,主成分分析表明T1、T2、T3处理下土壤微生物对6类碳源利用能力相比于对照具有较大差异,T1和T3处理对于6类碳源的利用具有相似性,T2处理与T3处理之间对于6类碳源利用差异主要在于碳水化合物类碳源。综上,有机无机复合肥的施入更有利于紫色土丘陵区油茶人工林土壤微生物碳源利用能力的提高,以上结论可为制定紫色土丘陵区合理施肥制度的设置、农业优化管理措施提供依据。 相似文献
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本文采用饲料类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus pabuli,P)、深红紫链霉菌(Streptomyces violaceorubidus,S)和黄绿木霉(Trichoderma aureoviride,T),组合构建了3种单菌剂(P、S和T)、3种两菌种复合菌剂(PT、PS和ST)及1种3菌种复合菌剂(PST),并将之添加到红壤中,监测各菌剂添加后土壤总磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)量、特征微生物PLFAs百分含量、土壤呼吸速率及总代谢熵的变化,旨在探明外源腐解微生物的物种组合对土壤微生物群落结构和代谢活性的影响,进而为优化有机物分解菌剂种群配置提供参考。结果显示,添加单菌剂的P、S和T处理及添加两菌种复合菌剂的PT和PS处理,土壤微生物生物量显著增加,增幅17.2%~121.6%(P0.05)。添加外源腐解微生物后,各处理的土壤微生物群落的细菌百分含量基本稳定在79.6%~83.1%,真菌百分含量显著增加8.8%~50.6%;而放线菌百分含量除P和ST处理外,其他处理显著降低9.4%~69.8%。PLFAs数据的主成分分析表明,各外源菌剂处理与CK处理间的群落结构变异由小到大依次为:接种单菌剂的P、S和T处理,接种两菌种复合菌剂的PT、PS和ST处理,接种3菌种复合菌剂的PST处理。添加单菌剂的P、T处理以及添加两菌种复合菌剂的ST处理,在短期内影响了土壤微生物的对数生长,使土壤呼吸速率的峰值分别提高48.7%、53.7%和78.7%;且外源腐解微生物组合的物种数量越多,土壤微生物进入潜伏期所需的时间越长。从外源腐解微生物对土壤肥力的长期影响来看,两菌种复合菌剂ST的添加使土壤微生物代谢活性提高28.9%,因此该处理的土壤碳矿化量增加11.1%;添加单菌剂的S处理使土壤微生物代谢活性显著降低32.4%,因此该处理的土壤碳矿化量仅降低7.3%;而添加两菌种复合菌剂的PS处理和3菌种复合菌剂的PST处理,在保持代谢活性不变的情况下,其土壤碳矿化量也降低5.8%~8.7%,其原因有待进一步研究。综上所述,外源腐解微生物的添加会改变土壤微生物的群落结构及其生长轨迹,且随外源腐解微生物组合的物种数量增多这一干扰程度越大,而土壤微生物代谢活性与外源腐解微生物组合的物种数量无显著相关性。 相似文献
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石油烃污染对陇东黄土高原土壤生物学及非生物学特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
[目的]探索石油污染与土壤生物学及非生物学特性间相互关系,为陇东黄土高原地区石油污染土壤的综合治理提供基础数据和背景资料。[方法]采用常规方法测定甘肃省庆阳市5县,1区,8个采油区油污土壤化性质、酶活性和土壤微生物遗传多样性。[结果]土壤总石油烃含量(TPHs)与碱解氮、速效磷、pH值和脲酶呈负相关(p0.01),与土壤多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶呈正相关(p0.01);样地土壤TPHs含量低的土壤微生物Shannon-Wiener指数明显高于TPHs含量高的样地;NMDS排序结果显示,石油污染对该地区土壤影响最大的因子为土壤碱解氮和速效磷,其次为TPHs,pH值、脲酶、ShannonWiener指数及过氧化氢酶。[结论]陇东地区石油烃污染对土壤环境因子的影响主要表现在包括氮、磷等营养元素的有效循环、土壤脲酶活性和微生物群落多样性,而对土壤微生物群落丰富度、均匀度和速效钾的影响未达到显著水平。 相似文献
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陇东黄土高原地区石油污染土壤微生物群落及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了认识和评价石油开采对陇东地区土壤环境的影响,采用平板培养和多元分析法研究了不同石油污染程度下的土壤微生物群落特征及其与土壤环境因子的关系。结果显示:(1)微生物3大类群的数量以距污染源30m的样地S1-3最高,200m的S7-9次之,100m的S4-6最低;放线菌数量变化对Shannon—Wiener指数影响较大。(2)土壤有机质、含油量、含盐量、速效磷均为S1-3最高,S4-6次之,S7-9最低;土壤pH值、碱解氮及速效钾含量均以S7-9最高,S4-6次之,S1-3最低。(3)PCA结果显示TPHs含量在8种环境因子中作用最大,其含量的上升导致了土壤含盐率、有机质和速效磷的增加,进而影响到了土壤含水量、pH值、土壤细菌、放线菌、微生物总数及其他环境因子。研究表明,陇东黄土高原地区开展生物修复石油污染时,应充分开发利用土壤细菌及放线菌资源,并外源投加N,K等营养元素,从而刺激土著石油降解菌的生长,进而提高石油烃的降解效率。 相似文献
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采用堆肥方法处理含油污泥,评价堆肥处理对含油污泥中石油烃的去除效果,并采用Biolog方法和构建16SrRNA基因克隆文库的方法对处理过程中微生物碳源利用特征和微生物群落结构进行了研究。结果表明,含油污泥经过90d的堆肥处理,石油烃降解率达53.3%±9.5%,显著高于对照处理。堆肥处理可以显著促进石油烃降解,是一种处理含油污泥的有效措施。Biolog分析结果表明,堆肥处理的孔的平均颜色变化率（AWCD）显著高于对照处理,堆肥处理提高了土壤微生物代谢活性。主成分分析结果表明,对照处理和堆肥处理的微生物碳源利用特征明显不同,堆肥处理改变了含油污泥中微生物的代谢功能特征。对照处理和堆肥处理的16SrRNA基因克隆文库之间存在显著差异,对照处理的优势类群是γ-Proteobacteria,堆肥处理的优势类群是Bacteroidetes,堆肥处理显著改变了含油污泥中的微生物群落结构。Marinobacter和Alcanivorax是对照处理中的优势菌,可能与石油烃的自然降解过程有关,而Pusillimonas和Agrobacterium可能对堆肥处理中石油烃的降解起一定作用。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲土壤土著菌的石油烃降解潜力 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
WANG Zhen-Yu GAO Dong-Mei LI Feng-Min ZHAO Jian XIN Yuan-Zheng S. SIMKINS XING Bao-Shan 《土壤圈》2008,18(6):707-716
The bioremediation potential of bacteria indigenous to soils of the Yellow River Delta in China was evaluated as a treatment option for soil remediation. Petroleum hydrocarbon degraders were isolated from contaminated soil samples from the Yellow River Delta. Four microbial communities and eight isolates were obtained. The optimal temperature, salinity, pH, and the ratios of C, N, and P （C：N：P） for the maximum biodegradation of diesel oil, crude oil, n-alkanes, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons by indigenous bacteria were determined, and the kinetics changes in microbial communities were monitored. In general, the mixed microbial consortia demonstrated wider catabolic versatility and faster overall rate of hydrocarbon degradation than individual isolates. Our experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon by indigenous bacteria for soil remediation in the Yellow River Delta. 相似文献
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采用玉米草及海藻寡糖联合修复技术研究了石油污染土壤的修复效果,对修复过程中酶活性变化进行了测定,并采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）技术测定了土壤中微生物群落的变化。结果表明,种植玉米草可以有效提高土壤中石油烃的降解,与对照相比石油烃降解率增加了11%;加入不同浓度海藻寡糖进一步增加了石油烃的降解效果,降解率最高达到28.6%。种植植物及加入海藻寡糖可以有效提高多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶及尿酶的活性。PCR-DGGE结果表明植物种植及海藻寡糖的加入增加了土壤中微生物数量,其微生物群落结构与未种植植物及修复前土壤相比发生了较大的变化。 相似文献
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堆肥法处理含油污泥的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过添加稻草和有机肥对含油污泥进行了115 d的堆肥处理,动态监测了堆制过程中总石油烃含量、温度、C/N/P比例及功能微生物数量变化,测定了堆制前后石油组分和生物毒性,探讨了堆肥法处理降解油泥的效果。结果表明,堆肥处理后油泥中的总石油烃含量从123±1 g kg-1降低至71.7±0.7 g kg-1,降解率达42%,是未堆肥对照处理的2.5倍;堆体在第21天达到最高温度50℃;堆肥处理的C/N/P比例变化呈现下降趋势;堆肥过程中油泥中烃降解菌和芳烃降解菌与堆制前比较增加了近2个数量级。此外,含油污泥经堆肥法处理后生物毒性降低,EC50从1.77±0.28 mg m l-1提高至2.76±0.38 mg m l-1。 相似文献
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通过田间试验研究了玉米和向日葵两种植物对石油污染土壤的修复作用,考察了外源菌（OX-9）对植物修复的强化和协同效应,对“外源菌一植物”修复效果进行了初步评价。结果表明,在10000mg·k-1污染浓度下,150d玉米、向13葵试验区土壤中石油降解率分别为42．5％和46．4％,较对照区提高了100．5％和118．9％。外源节细菌的施加可使生物修复速度显著加快,150d“DX-9-玉米”和“DX-9-向日葵”试验区石油烃降解率分别达到72．8％和76．4％,较同期单独植物修复的降解率提高了71.3％和64．7％。500d各试验区土壤中石油烃降解率分别为95．5％、96．1％、97．6％和98．9％,土壤中石油烃含量均低于国家标准规定限量（〈500mg·kg-1）;土壤主要理化性质、生物群落分布、呼吸强度及植物不同部位中石油烃的残留量与对照无显著差异。结果表明：玉米、向日葵与节细菌对石油污染土壤的联合生物修复效果显著;经过两年修复,污染土壤恢复健康状态。 相似文献
16.
Javier López-Miranda Sergio Cisneros-de la Cueva Jesús Bernardo Páez-Lerma Juan Antonio Rojas-Contreras Nicolás Oscar Soto-Cruz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(5):165
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of high Tween 80 concentrations on hydrocarbon contaminants and hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms present in contaminated mining soil during a bioremediation process. The independent variables included Tween 80 concentration and process time. The elected response variables included concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), the chemical composition of contaminants, viable microbial count, and CO2 production. These were measured at various time points during the bioremediation process, which was conducted at room temperature. Higher removal of pollutants occurred at low Tween 80 concentrations. An analysis of the normalized variables shows that the rate of TPH degradation depended on microbial growth rate, which depended on Tween 80 concentration. The addition of Tween 80 changed the concentration and type of the residual hydrocarbon contaminants present, as well as the count and genus of the hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms that grew during the bioremediation process. Higher concentrations of Tween 80 increased the levels of the chemical compounds present in the bioremediated soil while reducing the viable count and microbial diversity during the bioremediation process. Conversely, low Tween 80 concentrations produced only monoethylhexyl phthalate, which is not a petroleum hydrocarbon derivative. Overall, these results prove that the removal of TPH is dependent on the count and genus of active indigenous hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms in soil, and these conditions may be controlled by modulating the concentration of Tween 80 that is applied. 相似文献
17.
为探讨氮添加对亚热带杉木人工林土壤有机碳矿化的影响，选择福建三明森林生态系统与全球变化国家野外科学观测研究站38年生杉木人工林土壤为研究对象，设置N0(0 mg/kg)、N10(100 mg/kg)、N25(250 mg/kg) 3个氮添加水平，并进行117 d的培养。结果表明：(1)氮添加后，土壤有机碳矿化速率在培养开始(0 d)即达到最大值，在培养前期(0～57 d)这一段时间内N0、N10和N25处理的有机碳矿化速率平均值显著下降了44%、45%、47%，而在整个培养期间3个处理有机碳平均矿化速率分别为9.97、9.27、8.89 mg/(kg·d)；(2)有机碳矿化累积量随培养时间延长显著增加，随氮添加增加显著降低，与N0处理相比，培养117 d后N10、N25处理有机碳矿化累积量平均值分别降低了3.4%、7.4%；(3)微生物生物量对氮添加响应并不显著，但真菌/细菌比随氮添加增加而增大。总体上，氮添加主要是通过改变土壤有机碳和氮抑制了土壤有机碳矿化。因此，氮添加后土壤中碳、氮养分含量的变化是有机碳矿化变化的主要原因，而微生物群落结构变化则不是主要因素。 相似文献
18.
生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
采用大田试验,探讨生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落结构及其代谢、 酶活性和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,施入生物有机肥可改变土壤微生物群落结构,改变微生物对各大类碳源的利用,提高微生物碳源利用率、物种多样性和丰富度,常规施肥对土壤微生物群落结构影响不显著。生物有机肥可显著提高土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性,但对过氧化氢酶的影响不显著;常规施肥可提高土壤脲酶和脱氢酶活性,对其他酶活性没有显著影响。生物有机肥可显著提高土壤有机质, 全量氮、磷、钾和速效磷含量,提高土壤pH值,使土壤理化性质得到改善;常规施肥也可在一定程度上提高土壤养分含量,但其效果不如生物有机肥。 相似文献
19.
采用通气堆沤对石油烃污染土壤进行生物修复 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
Laboratory simulation studies and a composting pilot study were conducted to evaluate the capacity of three strains of fungi, indigenous fungus Fusarium sp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Coriolus Versicolor, to remediate petroleum-contaminated soils. In laboratory, the fungi were inoculated into a liquidculture medium and the petroleum-contaminated soil samples for incubation of 40 and 50 days 5 respectively. In the 200-day pilot study, nutrient contents and moisture were adjusted and maintained under aerobiccondition in composting units using concrete container (118.5 cm × 65.5 cm × 12.5 cm) designed specially for this study. The laboratory simulation results showed that all the three fungi were effective in degrading petroleum in the liquid culture medium and in the soil. At the end of both the laboratory incubations, the degradation rates by Phanerochaete chrysosporium were the highest, reaching 66% after incubation in liquid culture for 50 days. This was further demonstrated in the composting pilot study where the degradation rate by P. chrysosporium reached 79% within 200 days, higher than those of the other two fungi (53.1% and 46.1%), indicating that P. chrysosporium was the best fungus for bioremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum. Further research is required to increase degradation rate. 相似文献
20.
Max Frenzel Philip James Sara K. Burton Steven J. Rowland Hilary M. Lappin-Scott 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(2):129-136
Background, aim and scope Unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) of aromatic hydrocarbons are widespread, but often overlooked, environmental contaminants.
Since UCMs are generally rather resistant to bacterial degradation, bioremediation of UCM-contaminated sites by bacteria is
a challenging goal. Branched chain alkyltetralins are amongst the individual classes of components of aromatic UCMs which
have been identified in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments and a number of synthetic alkyltetralins have proved toxic in laboratory
studies. Thus, alkyltetralins should perhaps be amongst the targets for UCM bioremediation strategies. The slow degradation
of several alkyltetralins by a microbial consortium has been reported previously; however, the bacteria involved remain unidentified
and no single strain capable of alkyltetralin biodegradation has been isolated. The present project therefore aimed to enrich
and identify bacterial consortia and single strains of bacteria from a naturally hydrocarbon-contaminated site (Whitley Bay,
UK), which were capable of the degradation of two synthetic alkyltetralins (6-cyclohexyltetralin (CHT) and 1-(3’-methylbutyl)-7-cyclohexyltetralin
(MBCHT)).
Materials and methods Bacteria were enriched from sediment collected from Whitley Bay, UK by culturing with CHT and MBCHT for a period of 4 months.
Biodegradation experiments were then established and degradation of model compounds monitored by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Internal standards allowed the generation of quantitative data. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from individual
enrichments to allow assessment of microbial community structure. Selective media containing MBCHT were used to isolate single
bacterial strains. These strains were then tested in liquid culture for their ability to degrade MBCHT.
Results The consortia obtained through enrichment culture were able to degrade 87% of CHT and 76% of MBCHT after only 46 days compared
with abiotic controls. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene clone libraries of these bacteria were dominated by sequences of Rhodococcus spp. Using selective media, a strain of Rhodococcus was then isolated that was also able to biodegrade 63% of MBCHT in only 21 days.
Discussion The present report describes the isolation of a single bacterial strain able to degrade the resistant MBCHT. Although significant
losses of MBCHT were observed, putative metabolites were not detectable. Rhodococcus sp. have been reported previously to be able to biodegrade a range of hydrocarbon compounds.
Recommendations and perspectives Due to their environmental persistence and toxicity, aromatic UCMs require bioremediation. The culturing and identification
of such bacteria capable of rapid degradation of alkyltetralins may be an important step toward the development of bioremediation
strategies for sites contaminated with toxic UCMs. 相似文献