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保水剂对甘蔗产量和品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了保水剂对甘蔗产量、品质的影响。结果表明，抗旱性不同的甘蔗品种在施用保水剂后，产量都增加了。蔗汁蔗糖分、蔗汁重力纯度、蔗汁锤度也都相应提高，而3个品种的蔗汁还原糖分都下降，说明蔗汁品质明显改善。因此，此项技术措施可以在甘蔗生产上推广应用。 相似文献
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本文收集了本所从１９８７－１９９５年的全部糖份化验分析数据，对甘蔗的蔗汁更正锤度匚甘蔗蔗糖份进行了不同品种、不同月份的相关分析，得出蔗汁更正锤度与甘蔗蔗糖份呈极显著正相关关系，并建立不同品种、不同时期甘蔗蔗糖份的数学模型：ｙ↑＾＝－２．２８８３＋０．８７３６ｘ（式中的ｙ↑＾为甘蔗蔗糖份，ｘ为改正后的蔗汁锤度）。绝对误差为０－０．２７。 相似文献
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在广州华南农业大学试验中心,通过10 a（2009—2018年）的田间定位试验,对比研究了2种施氮水平[减量施氮300 kg/hm2（N1）、常规施氮525 kg/hm2（N2）]和4种种植模式[甘蔗单作（MS）、甘蔗//大豆1∶1间作（SB1）、甘蔗//大豆1∶2间作（SB2）、大豆单作（MB）]的甘蔗、大豆和系统总产量的动态变化,以及对甘蔗品质和土壤肥力的影响,采用Wi2（Wricke’s ecovalence）、变异系数（CV）和可持续指数（SYI）评价了产量的时间稳定性,旨在为华南蔗区农业绿色发展的可持续生产模式提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）各处理的甘蔗、大豆以及系统总产量呈现明显的年际变化。年份和种植模式对甘蔗和大豆产量有极显著影响,系统总产量受种植年份的极显著影响。施氮量对甘蔗、大豆和系统总产量均无显著影响。（2）不同间作模式的土地当量比（LER）均大于1,间作稳定且显著地提高了土地利用率。（3）不同处理甘蔗产量的Wi2和CV差异不显著,减量施氮单作甘蔗的SYI值显著高于常规施氮,表明减量施氮单作甘蔗的产量稳定性显著高于常规施氮处理。单作大豆产量的Wi2显著高于间作,说明单作大豆产量稳定性显著低于间作。不同处理的系统总产量Wi2值差异不显著,说明甘蔗//大豆间作和施氮量不影响系统总产量的稳定性。（4）种植年限的增加对甘蔗蔗糖分和纤维分、蔗汁糖锤度、蔗汁旋光度和蔗糖分无显著影响,同一年份不同种植模式和施氮量处理的甘蔗品质差异不显著。（5）与2010年相比,2018年底,除大豆单作模式外,其他处理的土壤pH、有机质、全氮含量显著下降,但所有处理的土壤全磷、有效磷和速效钾没有显著差异。甘蔗连作和连续施用化肥,导致土壤有机质逐步下降、pH降低。减量施氮甘蔗//大豆间作模式能够保持系统生产力和地力的稳定性,但需施用有机肥和推广蔗叶还田技术来培肥蔗田地力。 相似文献
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限制寒冷蔗区春植甘蔗高产的诸多因子中，因缺苗断垄造成甘蔗基本苗不足是甘蔗减产的主要因素。蔗区的耕作习惯、施肥水平、品种结构、栽培模式等都通过影响甘蔗的产量构成（有效茎数和单茎重）而影响甘蔗高产。本文就多年来的甘蔗栽培过程中，对制约我区甘蔗高产的瓶颈因子及采取的对策进行了探讨。 相似文献
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甘蔗主要性状的遗传相关及通径分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究９个甘蔗品种的株高,茎径、单株茎数,锤度,公顷有效茎数５个性状间的遗传相头脑其对蔗茎产量和含糖量的效应,结果表明：与蔗茎产量相关最密切,直接效应和总贡献最大的是公顷有效茎数,其次是株高,茎径第三,单株有效茎最小,对公顷含糖量的相关和总贡献以公顷有效茎数最大,株高第二,锤度第三,茎径和单株有效茎数的贡献小,据此认为,广西甘蔗育种通过选择株高入手,注重锤度,兼顾茎径是选育高产高糖品种的有效途径之一 相似文献
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甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum L.)是以收获茎秆为主的重要糖料作物,分蘖是增加有效茎进而提高甘蔗单产和产糖量的关键。本研究以强分蘖甘蔗品种‘B9’为试验材料,设置4个不同种植密度(P1:4000芽/667 m^2、P2:6000芽/667 m^2、P3:8000芽/667 m^2和P4:10 000芽/667 m^2),通过1年新植和1年宿根的田间小区试验,探讨种植密度对强分蘖甘蔗品种性状及产量形成的影响,并分析它们之间的相关关系。结果表明:增加种植密度,新植和宿根甘蔗分蘖盛期的总苗数呈上升趋势,但新植与宿根甘蔗总苗数的差异却在缩小,平均分别为25.55%、14.11%、-8.18%和-10.57%;宿根蔗株高显著大于新植蔗的株高,平均增幅分别为17.31%、10.54%、19.44%、14.88%,但茎径几乎不受种植密度的影响;新植蔗有效茎和产量随种植密度增加而增加(P2的除外),且多于宿根蔗的,但其产量却表现相反的结果,即宿根蔗总体表现增产;低密度(P1)和高密度(P4)间的锤度差异显著,并表现降低趋势。在试验条件下甘蔗产量形成过程中,种植密度与甘蔗分蘖盛期的总苗数、株高、有效茎和产量呈正相关,与茎径和田间锤度为负相关,且株高与有效茎对产量的贡献最为显著,但过多的有效茎明显不利于田间锤度提高。因此,这意味着合理密植对强分蘖甘蔗品种的产量和品质形成极其重要。 相似文献
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甘蔗黑穗病是甘蔗种植过程中危害较为严重的病害之一,影响甘蔗的蔗茎产量和蔗糖分质量。为对黑穗病爆发比较严重的蔗区提供一种合理的种植模式,分别在2012年农历立春前及立夏前种植带黑穗病菌的甘蔗种茎,以种植未感染黑穗病菌的健康甘蔗种茎作为对照,观察这2期甘蔗生长过程的黑穗病发病情况,以及对甘蔗有效茎、株高、茎径和锤度的影响。结果表明:在不同的气候环境下,种植携带黑穗病菌的蔗种黑穗病发病差异显著;携带黑穗病菌的蔗种宜冬春早种,利用冬春季节阴冷潮湿的天气,延迟黑穗病菌的萌发,减少对有效茎的侵害,进而减少对产量的影响。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献