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1.
Staphylococcus hyicus virulence in relation to exudative epidermitis in pigs. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3 
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下载免费PDF全文 Staphylococcus hyicus strains with different phage types, plasmid profiles, and antibiotic resistance patterns were isolated from piglets with exudative epidermitis. The strains could be divided into virulent strains, producing exudative epidermitis, and avirulent strains, producing no dermal changes when injected in experimental piglets. The results showed that both virulent and avirulent strains were present simultaneously on diseased piglets. This constitutes a diagnostic problem. Concentrated culture supernatants from nine virulent strains injected in the skin of healthy piglets produced a crusting reaction in all piglets. Acanthosis was observed in the histopathological examination of the crustaceous skin. Concentrated culture supernatants from nine avirulent strains produced no macroscopic or microscopic skin changes. Protein profiles from all virulent strains and seven out of nine avirulent strains showed a high degree of protein band homology. An approximately 30 kDa protein present in all concentrated culture supernatants capable of producing skin changes, could not be detected in samples that did not produce skin changes. No other protein showed a similar association. It is concluded that crusting reaction of piglet skin is a suitable indicator of virulence in S. hyicus in relation to exudative epidermitis, and that virulent strains produce a 30 kDa protein, absent in concentrated culture supernatants from avirulent strains. This 30 kDa protein might be an exfoliative toxin. 相似文献
2.
L O Andresen 《Veterinary microbiology》1999,68(3-4):285-292
Immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed previous reports that the Staphylococcus hyicus exfoliative toxins ExhA and ExhB are metalloproteins, and further indicated that ExhC is also a metalloprotein. An indirect ELISA was developed for the detection of toxigenic strains as an alternative method to the use of phage typing for selection of S. hyicus isolates to be used in autogenous vaccine against exudative epidermitis in pigs. The indirect ELISA was evaluated by investigating the presence of toxin among a total of 655 S. hyicus isolates from 69 pig skin samples, one from each of the 69 pig herds with outbreak of exudative epidermitis. Toxigenic S. hyicus were detected in 74% of the cases by ELISA. From each of the five cases, in which initially no toxigenic S. hyicus were found, a further 40 S. hyicus-like colonies were tested in ELISA. Testing of this number of colonies has a >99% probability of disclosing toxigenic S. hyicus. Toxin-producing isolates were found in only two of the five cases investigated. This may indicate the existence of one or more variants of the exfoliative toxin of S. hyicus that are not detected in the indirect ELISA or that S. hyicus may be displaced from lesions of exudative epidermitis. 相似文献
3.
Kanbar T Voytenko AV Alber J Lämmler C Weiss R Zschöck M Shilov IA Dmitrenko OA Gintsburg AL 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(9):429-433
In the present study, previously characterized Staphylococcus hyicus isolated in Russia (n=23) and Germany (n=17) were investigated for the prevalence of the exfoliative toxin encoding genes exhA, exhB, exhC and exhD by multiplex PCR resulting in the detection of exhD positive strains among the S. hyicus isolated from pigs with exudative epidermitis in Russia and the detection of exhC and exhD for one and two strains isolated from exudative epidermitis in Germany respectively. The toxin gene negative strains were generally isolated from apparently healthy pigs, from other animals and from specimens where the relation between the isolation of S. hyicus and the clinical symptoms remained unclear. Partial sequencing of the toxin genes of selected exhC and exhD positive strains and comparing the sequencing results with sequences of exhC and exhD reference strains revealed an almost complete identity. The results of the present study were in agreement with the findings of Andresen and Ahrens (J. Appl. Microbiol., 96, 2004, 1265) and Andresen (J. Vet. Rec., 157, 2005, 376) that the presented multiplex PCR could be used to investigate S. hyicus for toxinogenic potential and that there is an association between the presence of toxin genes in S. hyicus strains from exudative epidermitis. However, comparable with the S. hyicus strains isolated in Germany which were investigated previously by Andresen (J. Vet. Rec., 157, 2005, 376), exhD seems to predominate in S. hyicus strains from Russia. 相似文献
4.
Staphylococcus chromogenes is closely related to Staphylococcus hyicus, which is recognised as the causative agent of exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs. S. chromogenes is part of the normal skin flora of pigs, cattle and poultry and has so far been considered non-pathogenic to pigs. A strain of S. chromogenes producing exfoliative toxin type B, ExhB, was identified by the use of a multiplex PCR specific for the exfoliative toxins from S. hyicus. The exfoliative toxin from S. chromogenes reacted in immunoblot analysis with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific to ExhB from S. hyicus and had an apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa. Sequencing the gene encoding the exfoliative toxin from S. chromogenes revealed that the molecular weight of the toxin with the signal peptide and the mature toxin was 30,553 and 26,694 Da, respectively. Comparison of the exhB genes from S. chromogenes strain VA654 and S. hyicus strain 1289D-88 showed differences in seven base pairs of the DNA sequences and in two amino acid residues in the deduced amino acid sequences. Pigs were experimentally inoculated with S. chromogenes strain VA654. By clinical observations and histopathological evaluation of the skin alterations, all pigs revealed development of generalized exudative epidermitis. No toxin producing S. hyicus was isolated from the pigs and all ExhB-positive bacterial isolates were identified as S. chromogenes. This confirmed that the disease-causing agent was the inoculated S. chromogenes strain VA654. The results of this study show that S. chromogenes may cause exudative epidermitis in pigs. 相似文献
5.
Andresen LO 《The Veterinary record》2005,157(13):376-378
A total of 218 isolates of Staphylococcus hyicus from pigs in eight countries (Belgium, Croatia, Germany, Japan, Korea, Slovenia, the uk and the usa) and 44 isolates from other animals in Belgium, India, Japan and the usa were examined for the genes encoding the exfoliative toxins ExhA, ExhB, ExhC and ExhD by multiplex pcr. The expression of the toxins was confirmed by immunoblot analysis, using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies specific for each of the toxins. The porcine isolates were from pigs with exudative epidermitis, pigs with other lesions and from healthy pigs, and one or more of the toxins could be found among the isolates from the pigs in all the countries. Toxigenic strains of S hyicus were isolated from both healthy and diseased pigs, but the chance of isolating toxigenic strains from pigs with exudative epidermitis was greater than from pigs with other lesions or healthy pigs. Of the 44 isolates from other animal species, only one isolate, from a hare from Belgium, produced ExhB, and one isolate, from a cow with mastitis from Japan, produced ExhA. 相似文献
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为建立研究仔猪渗出性皮炎发病机制及治疗制剂的动物模型,本研究采用PCR及BLAST序列比对方法对猪葡萄球菌437-2株毒素基因型进行鉴定,采用纸片扩散法检测其耐药性,通过不同浓度菌液人工感染仔猪试验分析该菌株的临床致病力、最小致病浓度、发病周期及组织病理学变化。结果显示,该分离菌株为ExhD毒素基因型,其毒素基因与德国分离株（GenBank登录号：AM94662.1）和俄罗斯分离株（GenBank登录号：AM950188.1）的ExhD基因同源性达99%;药敏试验结果显示,该菌株为多重耐药菌株,对青霉素、磺胺异噁唑、链霉素、阿奇霉素、红霉素、四环素、杆菌肽及诺氟沙星耐药;仔猪致病性试验结果显示,低剂量组在整个试验周期内仅注射部位表现出皮炎症状,而中、高剂量组在耳后皮下注射2 d后均出现显著的渗出性皮炎症状,病猪表现为耳后出现油皮,全身被毛粗糙,皮肤呈深褐色厚皮痂,有大片蜕皮和黄色液体渗出;感染仔猪的脏器和皮肤病理切片结果显示,低剂量组仔猪脏器无异常,耳部皮肤角质层角化过度,炎性细胞浸润,无棘皮层细胞分离,而中、高剂量组感染仔猪脏器具有一定程度的损伤,皮肤表皮棘细胞层出现明显的细胞分离。上述试验结果说明,利用猪葡萄球菌437-2株可成功建立仔猪渗出性皮炎模型,所需的最小攻菌浓度为1×109 CFU/mL。 相似文献
8.
The experimental production of exudative epidermitis of pigs following the inoculation of skin scrapings or cultures from field or experimentally-produced cases of the disease is described. Typical lesions of exudative epidermitis were produced following inoculation, either intravenously or by scarification, of broth cultures of 4 strains of a micrococcus isolated from field cases of the disease. The experimental inoculation of pigs with skin scrapings sterilized by filtration or antibiotic treated, yielded negative results. Cultures of CORYNEBACTERIUM PYOGENES and of STREPTOCOCCUS SP. also isolated from the affected pigs, likewise yielded negative results on experimental inoculation of pigs. The conclusion is drawn, that the micrococcus isolated from field cases and which produced the disease experimentally is the primary etiological agent of exudative epidermitis as seen in weaned pigs in this area. The histopathology of the experimentally produced disease is described. 相似文献
9.
C L?mmler 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,103(2):60-63
Staphylococcus hyicus, the cause of porcine exudative epidermitis, could be clearly differentiated from S. aureus, S. epidermidis and from other staphylococcal species. This was based on cultural, biochemical and serological properties. A positive coagulase reaction in porcine plasma, the detection of protein A like IgG Fc-receptors and the specific reaction of the cell wall teichoic acid allowed further characterization of this species. S. hyicus additionally produced enzymes with bacteriolytic properties. 相似文献
10.
根据GenBank已发表的猪葡萄球菌的6种脱落毒素基因序列,设计合成了6对相应的特异性引物,通过特异性、敏感性和重复性试验建立了可行的多重PCR检测方法。用该方法对临床分离到的9株猪葡萄球菌进行检测,均扩增出了与预期大小相符的23SrDNA（662bp）条带;同时,其中6株分别扩增出了EXHA（316bp,2株）、EXHC（525bp,2株）和Shet-A（814bp,2株）基因特异性条带;另外3株均未扩增出任何毒素基因特异性条带,鉴定为无毒力菌株,以上结果与生化鉴定及单一PCR检测测序结果一致。结果表明,本试验所建立的多重PCR方法不仅操作快速方便、节约试验成本,而且具有高度特异性、敏感性和良好的重复性,可用于仔猪渗出性皮炎的诊断和猪葡萄球菌的快速鉴定。 相似文献
11.
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important emerging pathogen associated with distinct syndromes and diseases in swine, collectively known as porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of PCV2 in piglets affected with exudative epidermitis (EE) in Uruguay. In addition we aimed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of the isolated strains. In June 2011 an outbreak of EE detected in a small herd was reported. Piglets presented skin lesions compatible with EE and symptoms associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were also observed. Sera from affected and healthy animals were tested for the presence of viral DNA. Exclusively, diseased piglets were infected with PCV2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PCV2 isolates belonged to PCV2b genotype. We report the detection and molecular characterization of PCV2 strains for the first time in Uruguay. 相似文献
12.
AP Foster 《Veterinary dermatology》2012,23(4):342-51, e63
This review covers cutaneous manifestations of staphylococcal infection in livestock species. CATTLE: In cattle, staphylococcal infections may present as folliculitis or as impetigo. Both may present as mild forms of a group of conditions loosely termed udder dermatitis, which has various clinical presentations and does not always involve staphylococci. GOATS: In goats, staphylococcal infection may be secondary to chorioptic mange or contagious pustular dermatitis (parapox virus infection). While Staphylococcus aureus is usually implicated, infection with Staphylococcus chromogenes and Staphylococcus hyicus have also been reported. SHEEP: Ovine staphylococcal dermatitis typically involves the head. Trauma due to the close contact of heads over feeding troughs and abrasive plants at pasture may be predisposing factors. PIGS: In pigs, the most common cause of staphylococcal skin disease is S. hyicus, although other bacteria, including Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus chromogenes and meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), have also been isolated from some cases of greasy pig disease (exudative epidermitis). DIAGNOSIS: Routine culture methods are increasingly supplemented by molecular methods to characterize staphylococci. MANAGEMENT: As commensal bacteria, staphylococcal skin infection is presumed to develop because of predisposing factors. While topical and systemic therapies can be effective, it is important to control for predisposing factors so that recurrences can be prevented. LIVESTOCK-ASSOCIATED MRSA: In recent years, MRSA strains have emerged, particularly in pigs and cattle. While they rarely cause skin disease, they do pose a significant concern for public health authorities. Studies on livestock-associated MRSA may help to progress our understanding of staphylococci in livestock, especially how they spread between animals and humans. 相似文献
13.
J J Andrews 《Veterinary pathology》1979,16(4):432-437
Thirty piglets 1 to 4 weeks old from five herds had epidermal, foot, conjunctival and renal lesions typical of exudative epidermitis. Ten piglets had a large central ulceration of the dorsum of the tongue. Three piglets had multiple erosions of the hard palate and one had mucoid degeneration of the urinary bladder epithelium and a thick viscous material in the renal pelvis, ureters and urinary bladder. 相似文献
14.
Several mature Leghorn-type hens with the same genetic background experienced skin and feather problems in a breeder flock. There was almost-total feather loss on the head and neck, as well as thickened, scaly skin, and follicular ostia were plugged with keratin debris. Other individuals exhibited prominent subcutaneous nodules multifocally on the head. Histologic examination of the skin revealed a severe hyperplasia of follicular epithelium with hyperkeratosis and cystic dilation. Numerous clefts and vesicles were detected along the epidermis and follicular epithelium, some containing acantholytic keratinocytes. A mild heterophilic inflammation was associated with these lesions, and few gram-positive cocci were present in the keratin plugs. Bacterial culture of the skin yielded a variable amount of Staphylococcus hyicus. Immunochemistry looking for chicken IgY revealed no intercellular staining in the epidermis or follicular epithelium. All these findings supported a diagnosis of Staphylococcus-associated acantholytic epidermitis and folliculitis. This case suggests that S. hyicus could be a significant pathogen in poultry production. The close genetic relationship among affected individuals could indicate a hereditary predisposition in this line of White Leghorn laying chickens. 相似文献
15.
An IgG-binding protein A homolog in Staphylococcus hyicus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shotgun phage display was used to identify a homolog of the IgG-binding protein staphylococcal protein A in Staphylococcus hyicus type strain CCUG 15602/ATCC 11249. This bacterium is the causative agent of exudative epidermitis in pigs and can also cause mastitis in cattle. A protein with similar features as the originally identified protein A in Staphylococcus aureus was described; an YSIRK-type signal peptide, four IgG-binding domains, a putative peptidoglycan-binding domain, and a cell wall anchoring motif (LPXTG) was present. The highest degree of similarity was to a protein A homolog in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. However, typical Xr polypeptide repeats present in the protein A of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius could not be identified in the protein A of S. hyicus. The presence of the spa gene in ten porcine and eight bovine clinical isolates of S. hyicus was investigated by PCR. In all isolates, the spa gene could be detected but the amplicons were of two sizes. Sequence analysis of four selected PCR amplicons showed that only three IgG-binding domains were present in the protein A of clinical isolates generating a smaller spa fragment. The finding of spa in S. hyicus contributes to an increased understanding of potential virulence factors in this species. 相似文献
16.
Wattrang E McNeilly F Allan GM Greko C Fossum C Wallgren P 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,86(4):281-293
An outbreak of exudative epidermitis (EE) among piglets in a Swedish SPF-herd initiated a survey for indications as to the cause of disease.The herd was established by caesarean section and has been closed to all new animal material, with the exception of semen for artificial insemination (AI). The study comprised serum samples from the SPF-herd over a 10-year period (n=109) and a close monitoring of animals in the herd during the period after the EE outbreak. Serum samples from conventional boars at the AI-station servicing the herd were also included (n=9). All serum samples were tested for antibodies to porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2). In addition, 3-week-old piglets from three litters (n=24) farrowed close after the initial EE outbreak were closely monitored for clinical signs of skin disease, sampled for Staphylococcus hyicus, tested for antibodies to porcine parvovirus and in sequentially collected serum samples tested for interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-6.The PVC-2 serology showed that animals in the herd were sero-negative at least until 2 months prior to the EE outbreak. During the period close after the EE outbreak the animals showed varying levels of antibodies to PCV-2 but all the tested animals had sero-converted 4 months later. The AI boars were also sero-positive to PCV-2 at the time of the EE outbreak. Animals in the SPF-herd remained sero-positive to PCV-2 during the following 7 years. In the monitored litters, one piglet had clinical EE and 15 piglets displayed defined erythemas on the abdomen. Fourteen of the piglets also had IFN-alpha in serum on one or more occasions during the study, indicating viral activity among the animals. S. hyicus was isolated from all of the piglets from the earliest sampling point (3 days of age) and onwards, irrespective of clinical signs. PCV-2 was isolated from lymph node tissue collected from one of the EE affected pigs.Further, increases in the number of stillborn piglets, small litters (<6 piglets) and repeat breeders could be correlated to the time of PCV-2 sero-conversion. Coincidence of active viral infection and sero-conversion to PCV-2 points to the virus as the cause of the EE outbreak and reproductive disturbances. 相似文献
17.
The objective of the study was to analyze changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subsets in cases of naturally occurring exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs. Five of ten piglets developed the chronic clinical form of EE 2-5 days after weaning (PW). Blood samples were obtained at 7, 14 and 21 days from both normal and clinically affected piglets for routine haematology and for the determination of CD45, CD21, CD4, CD8 and gammadeltaTCR cell markers by flow cytometry. When compared with clinically normal piglets EE affected pigs showed significantly decreased values of monocytes at 14 and 21 days PW, and increased numbers of neutrophils and leukocytes at 21 days PW. The EE affected pigs also had an early significant CD4(+) and CD8(high+) T lymphocyte proliferative response at 7 days PW. However affected pigs had a significantly reduced number of B (CD21(+)) and gammadeltaTCR(+) T lymphocytes in blood at 21 days PW. Although all values remained within the normal range, the significant differences in some peripheral blood leukocyte subsets between the two groups of piglets suggest that the generalised cutaneous infection with Staphylococcus hyicus is severe enough to induce a systemic inflammatory and immune responses. 相似文献
18.
Staphylococcus hyicus is considered to be an etiological agent of exudative epidermitis in young pigs, but is frequently isolated from chickens and cows. In the present study, the proteases of 58 S. hyicus isolates from pigs, chickens and cows were examined by skim milk agar plate culture, gelatinolytic zymogram and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These isolates showed proteolytic activity on skim milk agar plate, but activity differed amongst the isolates. In the gelatinolytic zymogram, one main band was observed in all the porcine, avian and bovine isolates, while one to two other bands were recognized in some isolates. The formation of the main band was inhibited by EDTA, suggesting that this protease is a metalloprotease. When the Shp1 gene, which codes for one the metalloproteases of S. hyicus as reported previously, was examined by PCR, one band arising from an open reading frame (ORF) was detected in all of 58 isolates tested. In addition, upstream nucleotides containing the promoter region of Shp1 gene were amplified and sequenced. From these results, it seems likely that the metalloprotease is common to porcine, avian and bovine isolates of S. hyicus. 相似文献
19.
Exudative Epidermitis in Pigs. Bacteriological Studies on the Causative Agent Staphylococcus Hyicus 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 C. L'Ecuyer 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1967,31(10):243-247
The properties of six pathogenic and six non-pathogenic strains of staphylococci from clinical cases of exudative epidermitis are described. The pathogenic strains were shown to produce typical lesions following experimental inoculation of pigs. All of the strains studied were classified among the staphylococci due to their ability to produce acid from glucose under anaerobic conditions. One of the six pathogenic strains was a slow coagulase producer. It is suggested that the species designation Staphylococcus hyicus be retained. 相似文献
20.
Nishifuji K Fudaba Y Yamaguchi T Iwasaki T Sugai M Amagai M 《Veterinary dermatology》2005,16(5):315-323
Exudative epidermitis (EE) is an acute, often fatal skin disease of piglets caused by Staphylococcus hyicus. Clinical and histopathological manifestations of EE are similar to those of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), a human blistering skin disease, in which exfoliative toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus digest the extracellular domains of desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and cause loss of epidermal cell-cell adhesion. The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize cDNA for full length of swine Dsg1, and to determine whether the extracellular domains of swine Dsg1 produced by baculovirus (sDsg1-His) could be digested by four isoforms of exfoliative toxin produced by S. hyicus (ExhA, ExhB, ExhC and ExhD). Nucleotide sequencing revealed that swine Dsg1 cDNA consisted of an open reading frame of 3138 bp, encoding a precursor protein of 1045 amino acids. Deduced amino acid sequence of the swine Dsg1 precursor were highly homologous to corresponding bovine, canine, human and murine sequences. Immunoadsorption assay with a secreted form of sDsg1-His revealed that sDsg1-His specifically absorbs the immunoreactivity of 10 human pemphigus foliaceus sera against swine keratinocyte cell surfaces, suggesting its proper conformation. When sDsg1-His was incubated in vitro with Exhs, all four isoforms of Exh directly digested sDsg1-His into smaller peptides, whereas removal of calcium from sDsg1-His completely inhibited its proteolysis by these four Exhs. Recognition and digestion of calcium-stabilized structure on the extracellular domains of swine Dsg1 by Exhs indicated that EE shares similar molecular pathophysiological mechanisms of intra-epidermal splitting with SSSS in humans. 相似文献