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1.
非洲山毛豆提取物对香蕉交脉蚜的忌避作用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
运用正交回归旋转组合试验研究了非洲山毛豆乙醇提取物和机油乳剂对香蕉交脉蚜的忌避作用及其混用效果 ,结果表明非洲山毛豆乙醇提取物和机油乳剂对香蕉交脉蚜均有明显的忌避作用。当非洲山毛豆乙醇提取物中干物质的量为0.1250g/100ml时 ,忌避作用率为0.3201,0.5g/100ml时忌避作用率为0.1393,两者混用后有明显的增效作用。建立了两种药剂对香蕉交脉蚜的忌避作用的回归模型 :非洲山毛豆Y1=0.2645-0.0904X1-0.0348X21;机油乳剂Y2=0.2645-0.0736X2-0.0068X22,以及混用后的忌避作用模型Y=0.2645-0.0904X1-0.0736X2-0.0348X21。 相似文献
2.
驱蚊剂定量构效关系(QSAR)的研究对指导高效新驱蚊剂开发、阐明驱蚊剂的驱避机理有重要意义。以40种酰胺类化合物对埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti的有效保护时间为驱避活性指标,借助PCLIENT(http:∥w w w.vcclab.org/lab/pclient/start.html)量子化学计算软件获得每个化合物的1 773个初始分子描述符,经二元矩阵重排过滤器、多轮末尾淘汰实施特征非线性筛选后,保留了8个物化意义明确的分子描述符,以支持向量回归SVR建立了高精度的非线性QSAR模型,F=8 465,R2=0.999 6。SVR可解释性体系分析结果表明,保留分子描述符对酰胺类驱蚊剂的驱避活性的非线性关系明显。其中,拓扑极性分子表面积TPSA(Tot)对驱避活性影响最为重要,其值越小,活性越高;负电性对驱避活性有较大影响,其值越大,驱避活性越高。 相似文献
3.
紫背金盘提取物对台湾家白蚁毒杀作用的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用紫背金盘甲醇提取物对台湾家白蚁进行了室内毒性测定和驱避行为试验。结果表明,经12次重复的毒性测定,有较强的致死作用。3—4％浓度的死亡率达100％,2％浓度的死亡率为94％,1％浓度的死亡率为58.9％。在驱避行为试验中表明,在4％以下的浓度对家白蚁没有显著的驱避怍用,从驱避作用的定量研究——非选择性取食试验中,1—4％浓度处理过的木块均被白蚁蛀蚀过。在选择性取食试验中,1—4％浓度处理组的木材样品同样被白蚁蛀蚀过。从驱避作用的定性研究——琼脂培养基选择性试验看,在整个试验期间的各个处理区内,蚁路筑通,没有堵塞蚁路现象。4％浓度处理组的平均进区率是87.92％,2％浓度的进区率是98.75％,1％浓度的进区率是99.16％。 相似文献
4.
Wolfgang Krmer Dieter Berg Stefan Dutzmann Wilfried A Etzel Wolfgang Gau Ulrich Stelzer Joachim Weissmüller 《Pest management science》1999,55(5):610-614
KWG 4168 (8-tert-butyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4,5]decan-2-ylmethyl(ethyl)(propyl)amine; proposed common name spiroxamine) is a new fungicide consisting of four biologically active isomers (two diastereomers, four enantiomers). The four isomers were separated by preparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase. The diastereoisomers were synthesised from the corresponding chirally pure glycerol derivatives and were separated by preparative HPLC. COSY, HSQC and NOESY NMR spectroscopy were used to asign the configuration of the amino residue relative to the cyclohexyl ring. Studies of the activity against wheat powdery mildew, as well as the inhibition of sterol biosynthesis in fungi by the four stereoisomers, indicate the contribution of each isomer to the biological activity of spiroxamine. 相似文献
5.
Bradley A Mullens William G Reifenrath Sarah M Butler 《Pest management science》2009,65(12):1360-1366
BACKGROUND: Straight‐chain, saturated fatty acids (particularly C8, C9 and C10) have some known behavioral effects on insects such as mosquitoes, and were tested in combination for potential repellency/antifeedant activity in bioassays against three significant muscoid flies of medical/veterinary importance: houseflies, horn flies and stable flies. RESULTS: Mixtures of C8, C9 and C10 (1:1:1; 15% total actives in formulation) were highly repellent to houseflies and horn flies at or below 1 mg formulation cm?2. Repellency time varied from < 1 day for houseflies to usually at least 3 days for horn flies. Individual longer‐chain‐length fatty acids were tested, and C11 repelled houseflies for up to 5–8 days, while C12 lasted 2 days. Minimum statistically significant repellency levels of the C8, C9 and C10 mixture (3 h after application) against horn flies were 0.06–0.12 mg cm?2. A liquid formulation of the 15% C8, C9 and C10 mixture in a silicone oil carrier (at 2.8 mg AI cm?2) was highly repellent against hungry stable flies in a blood‐feeding membrane bioassay for at least 8 h. CONCLUSION: The low toxicity and reasonable activity and persistence of these carboxylic acids make them good candidates for development as protective materials against pest flies in livestock settings. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
6.
The behavioural response of the slug Deroceras panormitanum (Lessona and Pollonera) and the snail Oxyloma pfeifferi (Rossm?ssler) to novel molluscicides was investigated in choice and no-choice experiments. Low-light video-recording in combination with automated tracking and event recording was used to identify the repellent and irritant effects of (1) cinnamamide, (2) copper ammonium carbonate, (3) a mulch, (4) a horticultural ground-cover matting impregnated with a copper formulation and (5) urea/formaldehyde. In the no-choice experiments the products had a stronger irritant effect on the snails than on the slugs. All products tested except the mulch significantly reduced the locomotor activity of both the slugs and snails. The most effective product, cinnamamide, reduced snail locomotor activity by 94% and track length by 96%. The overall repellent effect of the treatments in the choice experiments was stronger in the slugs; where presence, locomotor activity and track length in the treated area were significantly reduced by all products. The avoidance of treated areas exceeded 95% with the mulch (for slugs) and with copper ammonium carbonate (for snails). 相似文献
7.
为筛选对斑鞘豆叶甲Colposcelis signata（Motschulsky）成虫有生物活性的行为调控剂,选取非寄主植物16种挥发物,采用触角电位技术（Electroantennogram,EAG）和Y型嗅觉仪测定了斑鞘豆叶甲成虫对挥发物的触角电位及行为反应。结果表明：10-1mol/L浓度下斑鞘豆叶甲成虫对6种萜烯类挥发物EAG反应较强,驱避反应显著,雄虫反应强于雌虫。成虫对（1R）-（+）-α-蒎烯和（-）-β-蒎烯的EAG反应显著强于其他4种萜烯类挥发物,对雄虫的驱避率分别为86.7%和81.3%。斑鞘豆叶甲对5种醇、醛类挥发物EAG反应差异显著,除芳樟醇外均表现引诱反应。雌虫对反-2-己烯-1-醇、2-乙基-1-己醇和反-2-己烯醛3种绿叶气味挥发物的引诱反应强于雄虫,其中反-2-己烯-1-醇的引诱作用最强,引诱率达68.9%,推测雌虫产卵定位与绿叶气味挥发物有关。斑鞘豆叶甲对5种其他挥发物的EAG反应相对值较低,具有引诱作用,雄虫反应均强于雌虫,雌、雄虫对水杨酸甲酯的反应强于其他4种挥发物。浓度反应结果发现当浓度从10-2 mol/L增加到10-1mol/L时,成虫对（1R）-（+）-α-蒎烯和（-）-β-蒎烯的EAG反应相对值稍降低,对（-）-β-蒎烯和β-月桂烯的驱避反应降低,表现出浓度阈值。但在10-5 mol/L浓度下（1R）-（+）-α-蒎烯、（-）-β-蒎烯、（R）-（+）-柠檬烯和β-月桂烯仍然表现为明显的驱避作用,这些挥发物可作为驱避剂组分加以开发利用。 相似文献
8.
为了发现结构新颖的蚜虫行为控制剂,以课题组发现的高活性化合物 3e (2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸香叶酯)为先导,利用活性亚结构拼接的方法,设计合成了15个未见文献报道的新型2-烷氧基取代苯甲酸香叶酯类蚜虫报警信息素(E)-β-farnesene (EβF)衍生物,其结构经过核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、红外光谱(IR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)的确证。蚜虫驱避活性测定结果表明,部分目标化合物在5 μg剂量下对豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum表现出不同程度的驱避活性,其中化合物 6i 活性最高,驱避率达到60.9%,与先导化合物 3e 的活性没有显著性差异。靶标蛋白结合实验证明,部分目标化合物与气味结合蛋白ApisOBP9具有较好的结合活性,尤其是化合物 6i 与ApisOBP9的结合常数达到(4.92±0.18) μmol/L。进一步的分子对接结果表明, 6i 与靶标ApisOBP9具有较好的结合作用力,能很好地结合到靶标蛋白的活性位点,其结合模式和先导化合物相似。本研究对后续化合物的结构优化具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
9.
Allelochemical effects were observed when Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults were treated with Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers essential oil. The main biological activities were toxicity and repellence. Terpenes present in the essential oil were identified by GC-MS, and some authentic samples were tested to assess their activity individually. The most acutely toxic compounds after 3 days were beta-pinene and pulegone. Most of the monoterpenes elicited symptoms indicative of neurotoxicity. The most repellent compound was alpha-terpineol. Toxic and repellent effects of chemical derivatives of the major sesquiterpene present in B salicifolia essential oil, as well as a series of monoterpenes, were evaluated in order to investigate structure-activity relationships. The reduced derivatives of the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were more repellent that their carbonyl analogues. In addition, unsaturation in the germacrane skeleton enhanced repellent activity. 相似文献
10.
Crude toxins [toxin(V3450) and toxin(Vp28,) extracted from Lecanicillium (Verticillium) lecanii (Zimmermann) Gams & Zare strain V3450 and Vp28 respectively] were tested for contact toxicity, feeding deterrence and repellent activity against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Both toxins showed ovicidal activity to eggs, with LC(50) values of 447 and 629 mg L(-1) respectively. Nymphs of B. tabaci were the most susceptible stages (LC(50) values were calculated at 111 mg L(-1) for toxin(V3450) and 216 mg L(-1) for toxin(Vp28)), and adults were the second most susceptible stages (48 h LC(50) values were calculated at 178 mg L(-1) for toxin(V3450) and 438 mg L(-1) for toxin(Vp28)). Applied to seedlings at a concentration of 400 mg L(-1), the toxins significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the hatching of whitefly eggs and the subsequent survival rate of the nymphs, and the emergence and fecundity of the progeny adults. Both toxins exhibited repellent activity at low concentration (100 mg L(-1)), with repellency index (RI) values of 0.645 for toxin(V3450) and 0.642 for toxin(Vp28), and antifeedant activity at high concentration (1000 mg L(-1)) to adults, with antifeedant index (AFI) values of 0.713 for toxin(V3450) and 0.749 for toxin(Vp28). The results of the present study demonstrate the toxicity, repellence and antifeedant properties of the fungi metabolite toxins on B. tabaci, which might develop as environmentally friendly plant protectant(s). 相似文献
11.
滇杨挥发物成分对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵选择的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了筛选非寄主植物滇杨的挥发物中驱避马铃薯块茎蛾产卵的活性成分,在室内利用选择性产卵试验方法分别测定了8种挥发物:丁香酚、苯甲酸、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、2-羟基苯甲醛、β-紫罗兰酮、水杨酸甲酯、苯甲醛不同浓度(0.75~12mg/L)的溶液对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵选择的影响。结果表明:水杨酸甲酯在6~12mg/L浓度范围内对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵有极显著的引诱效果。丁香酚在3~12mg/L浓度范围内对产卵有驱避效果,12mg/L时的产卵驱避率为62.1%。苯甲酸在1.5~12mg/L浓度范围内对产卵有驱避效果,但各浓度下的产卵驱避率不存在显著差异。12mg/L的苯甲醇和苯乙醇的产卵驱避率分别为12.1%和20.2%。6mg/L和12mg/L的2-羟基苯甲醛的产卵驱避率分别为44.1%和33.2%。β-紫罗兰酮在1.5mg/L浓度时产卵驱避率为30.9%。12mg/L的苯甲醛产卵驱避率为38.5%。本文测试的8种挥发物中有7种在不同浓度范围内表现出显著的产卵驱避效果。 相似文献
12.
涂敷型直链淀粉手性固定相的制备及对外消旋体农药喹禾灵的分离研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
不对称分离研究已引起人们广泛的关注 ,高效液相色谱法是其中最重要的研究手段之一 ,它主要包括手性固定相法、流动相添加剂法和衍生化法 ,其中手性固定相法的应用最为广泛。纤维素和淀粉是最易得的具有光学活性的天然聚合物 ,很早就用于手性拆分 [1 ] 。直链淀粉三苯基酯类手性固定相的手性拆分能力较弱 ,但其三苯基氨基甲酸酯类却有很强的手性拆分能力 [2 ]。近年来 ,我们在这一领域进行了探讨 ,并取得了较好结果 [3～ 7]。光学异构体药物往往表现出不同的药代和药理学行为 [8] ,而手性农药也具有相似的特性 ,同一种农药的几种光学异构体… 相似文献
13.
为明确鸡粪沼液"新壮态"对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防控效果,于室内测定了其对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊卵和不同龄期幼虫的毒力,研究了其对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫产卵和幼虫取食的驱避效果,并进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,"新壮态"0倍稀释液对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊卵有杀灭作用,死亡率达54.76%;对2~4龄幼虫均无直接毒杀作用;对雌成虫产卵和幼虫取食均有明显的驱避活性,对雌成虫产卵驱避率为74.75%,处理5 min后对幼虫的选择性和非选择性驱避率分别为78.62%和45.60%。田间药效试验表明,鸡粪沼液"新壮态"对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊有一定的控制作用,并明显增加韭菜产量。 相似文献
14.
敌死虫对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的生物活性测定 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
敌死虫对烟粉虱成虫具有较强的驱避作用 ,99.1%敌死虫200、100、50倍液药后 2h～120h对黄瓜上烟粉虱的驱避率均在90%以上 ,50倍液处理药后3d的驱避率为98%～100%。药剂处理的非洲菊上烟粉虱成虫产卵量显著低于对照。敌死虫对烟粉虱卵具有一定活性 ,致死中量为10468.6mg/kg ;对若虫活性较高 ,对1、2、3龄若虫的致死中量分别为165.81、199.46、232.38mg/kg ,稀释倍数分别为5976、4968、4264倍。 相似文献
15.
南方根结线虫二龄幼虫对不同类型盐离子的趋化反应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确南方根结线虫对不同类型盐离子的趋化性,在琼脂糖平板培养基上测试了南方根结线虫2龄幼虫对37种无机盐和11种有机盐的趋化反应。结果表明,Cl-和SCN-盐对南方根结线虫均有排斥作用;对南方根结线虫有排斥作用的NO-3盐为Ba(NO3)2、NH4NO3、Mn(NO3)2;H2PO-4或HPO2-4盐为KH2PO4、K2HPO4;CO2-3或HCO-3盐为 Na2CO3、K2CO3、(NH4)2CO3 和KHCO3;OH-盐为KOH和 NaOH;有机酸为C2H4O2、C3H6O3和C4H6O6。含有相同阳离子的不同盐对南方根结线虫的吸引或排斥作用不受影响。阴离子对南方根结线虫的排斥作用大小为SCN->NO-3>Cl->OH->CO2-3> H2PO-4>有机酸>SO2-4。只有KCl、Ba(NO3)2、NH4NO3、Mn(NO3)2、(NH4)2CO3、C2H4O2和 C4H6O6对线虫的趋化性随浓度的增加而增加,而其他被测试的41种盐浓度对线虫的趋化性没有显著影响。 相似文献
16.
在室内测定了樟树(Cinnamomum camphora L.)天然产物莰酮-[2](Cam-phor C10H16O)的杀虫活性和作用方式，并进行了田间试验。结果表明，莰酮对天牛成虫有较强的驱避、熏蒸和触杀作用。每点投放2％莰酮DP1-2g，药后24h对天牛驱避效果为55．00％-85．00％，药后72h达到94．12％-100．00％；熏蒸致死中浓度为8．20mg/L，触杀致死中浓度为15．25mg／L。经回归和相关分析，处理浓度与作用效果相关性均达到极显著水平。每洞穴喷2％莰酮DP0．1-0．2g，对天牛幼虫防治效果达85．80％-100％；每袋装2％莰酮DP1．5-2．5g，药后7-15天对天牛成虫驱避效果为80．95％-100％。药后30-60天为68．29％-86．36％，田间防治效果显著。 相似文献
17.
A pre- and post-monitoring study was conducted of the potential use of capsicum oleoresin as an in-soil repellent for northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). Pocket gophers were captured in irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), affixed with radio transmitters, and monitored daily for location. Six plots (4.87 x 4.87 m) each were randomly assigned to capsicum oleoresin and soybean oil treatments; these were set up based upon the centers of initial core areas of gophers. Mean (+/-SD) volumes of capsicum oleoresin and water and soybean oil and water mixtures (10 + 90 by volume) dispensed onto plots equaled 178.5 (+/-4.7) and 175.7 (+/-14.0) liters, respectively. Movements (m) of the radio-transmitted gophers from plot centers were computed for four daily readings (i.e., 0801-1000, 1101-1300, 1501-1700 and 1801-2000 h). Spectrophotometric analysis of soil samples from capsicum oleoresin plots validated the presence of capsicum on plots and the absence of capsicum on placebo- and off-plot locations. Analysis of variance for movement distances of gophers yielded a Date main effect [F(11, 103) = 2.08, P < or = 0.03] and a Date x Reading (time) interaction [F(32, 299) = 3.21, P < or = 0.01]. Results showed that gophers were located farther from plot centers for the 0801-1000 and 1501-1700 h telemetry readings for < or =3 days post-chemical application-a probable 'disturbance' effect rather than a chemical-induced avoidance. In a prior laboratory study, capsicum oleoresin and soil treatments of 1.5% w/w capsicum caused nearly a 50% decrease in soil contact time by gophers relative to placebo-exposed control animals. This implies that procedural variables warrant revision before abandoning this approach. The potential for soil insertion of repellents as a technique for expelling pocket gophers from territories and some methodological changes for future research of the technique are discussed. 相似文献
18.
山东烟台地区发生番茄斑萎病毒病危害 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
番茄斑萎病毒Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)是我国进境植物检疫性有害生物,近年来相继在国内一些省份发现。利用TSWV的通用引物NF302/NR575对从山东烟台地区收集的15份疑似感染番茄斑萎病毒病的番茄样品进行检测;进一步对特异引物TSWV-NF2037/TSWV-NR2825扩增的TSWV的N基因序列克隆、测序,并对N基因片段编码氨基酸进行遗传距离及系统发育分析。结果表明,15份疑似样品中有4个样品扩增得到TSWV病毒片段;基于N基因序列分析发现,山东TSWV番茄分离物与云南TSWV番茄分离物(AEI70836.1)的遗传距离最近,为0.8%,且与云南TSWV番茄分离物聚为一支。这是山东地区首次利用分子标记证实番茄斑萎病毒病的危害。 相似文献
19.
含两个手性中心的三唑类杀菌剂色谱分离研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三唑类杀菌剂是目前世界上广泛应用的杀菌剂,而绝大多数三唑类杀菌剂属于手性农药,具有1个或2个手性中心,存在2个或4个对映异构体。本文在近年有关三唑类杀菌剂研究成果的基础上,综述了采用高效液相色谱、超临界流体色谱、毛细管电泳、气相色谱和合相色谱法等方法对含两个手性中心的11种三唑类杀菌剂 (氟环唑、多效唑、三唑醇、联苯三唑醇、丙环唑、苯醚甲环唑、叶菌唑、苄氯三唑醇、环唑醇、糠菌唑和乙环唑) 进行分离测定的研究进展,可为多个手性中心三唑类化合物的分离、分析和深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
20.
研究了山苍子Litsea cubeba果实精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus成蚊的驱避活性和对其幼虫的毒杀活性;采用GC-MS定性分析了精油的化学成分,并定量分析了其中9种活性成分。结果如下：在1．5mg·cm^-2的涂抹剂量下,山苍子精油对白纹伊蚊的100％保护时间为3．70h,对白纹伊蚊4龄期幼虫的24h毒杀Lc50值为82．48μg·mL^-1。定性分析共鉴定出17种化合物,其中E-柠檬醛的相对含量最高,其峰面积百分比为44．65％,其它相对含量较高的成分分别是Z-柠檬醛（34．60％）、柠檬烯（11．70％）、甲基庚烯酮（2．28％）、芳樟醇（1．28％）等。定量分析9种活性成分在精油中的总含量为238．70mg·mL^-1,其中E-柠檬醛106．20mg·mL^-1、Z-柠檬醛68．79mg·mL^-1、桉叶油素40．90mg·mL^-1的含量较高。研究结果表明,山苍子精油对白纹伊蚊具有良好的成蚊驱避和幼虫毒杀活性,这些生物活性与精油的化学成分密切相关。 相似文献