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1.
Local Embeddedness,Market Focus,and Productivity: Evidence of Taiwanese Manufacturing MNE Subsidiaries in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 There has been considerable literature discussing the characteristics and importance of location‐specific factors in the context of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), but very little literature linking location‐specific factors to productivity. This study explores, for each location‐specific factor, the relationship between the degree of local embeddedness and the labor productivity. We contribute to the body of literature on location‐specific factors by arguing that market focuses play a pivotal role in determining the impact of local embeddedness on productivity. Based on their strategic choices, we categorize Taiwanese manufacturing multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries in China into two groups: the local‐market‐focus group and the export‐market‐focus group. The paper fits the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models to the export‐market‐focus group and the local‐market‐focus group separately. For these two groups, each local‐embeddedness variable exerts different effect on labor productivity. Results also suggest that local‐market‐focus FDI is more affected by the host country's local business environment than is export‐market‐focus FDI. Although this study cannot represent all foreign companies in China, its dynamism offers a rich context in which to explore a deeper understanding of foreign companies' business activities in China. 相似文献
2.
Abstract: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are a set of international development targets agreed to by members of the United Nations in 2000. The goals aim to improve many of the dimensions of extreme poverty and are to be achieved by 2015. This paper provides an overview of the issues relevant to the achievement of the MDGs in the Asia‐Pacific region. The paper begins by discussing the critiques of the MDGs before assessing whether countries in the region are on track to achieve them. Issues relating to data availability and accuracy are discussed and the need to tailor the MDG targets to the special circumstances of some Asia‐Pacific countries is examined. The paper proceeds by discussing the role of international assistance via international foreign development aid and non‐governmental organisations in the achievement of the MDGs. The paper concludes with some policy implications for the international donor community. 相似文献
3.
A large literature within industrial geography suggests that contemporary production systems are characterized by vertical disintegration processes and the emergence of agglomerations of small manufacturing establishments. According to Allen Scott, one of the most influential contributors to this literature, centers of economic activity in California are especially susceptible to the processes of vertical disintegration and agglomeration. Our concern in this paper is that this “California thesis” has serious empirical difficulties that need to be addressed. Accordingly, this paper reexamines general indicators of vertical disintegration, comparing their temporal record in California to that of the nation as a whole. We examine changes to these indicators for a set of industries that, according to Scott, are characterized by vertical disintegration. Our findings indicate that the weight of evidence does not support the conclusions of Scott concerning vertical disintegration in California. Therefore, his explanation of recent economic growth in California and the utility of his theory as an economic development paradigm require reevaluation. 相似文献
4.
Traditional explanations of interaction (trade) in city systems fail to capture the breadth and complexity of extraregional markets in the producer services. Building on market-process theory, which argues that markets are adaptive and rarely in equilibrium, the development of extraregional trade in the producer services was investigated as a form of firm-level entrepreneurship. While firms' entrepreneurial behaviors are influenced by a variety of internal characteristics, such as entrepreneurial spirit, size, age, and ownership, it is argued that a firm's location is an important conditioning factor on the degree of success it achieves with market expansion. The hypothesis is evaluated using spatial market extent data developed from a survey of 615 producer service firms located in 16 Midwest cities. A firm's degree of entrepreneurship is indexed by a qualitative assessment of its marketing activities, ranging from “aggressive” to “none.” Cox proportional hazards models, in a spatial-analog of survival analysis, were used to examine the influence of entrepreneurship on the spatial extents of firms' markets. The results confirm that location, more so than firm size or age, has a significant influence on the spatial extent of a firm's extraregional trade. The influence of location is generally complex: surfacing directly as a market scale effect, and indirectly as a conditioning factor on the success of a firm's entrepreneurial behavior. The results suggest that extraregional trade in producers services is predicated on more than just production cost (i.e., internal or external scale economies) or distribution cost (i.e., distance) factors, and that behavioral theories of the market can provide meaningful insight into the geography of market interaction. 相似文献
5.
MARTIN SOKOL 《Growth and change》2007,38(2):224-259
ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with the geography of finance in the globalising knowledge‐based economy, characterised by the proliferation of information and communication technology. More specifically, the paper aims to examine the “locational structure” of financial services in such an economy and its implications for uneven regional development in Europe. In doing so, the paper engages with the concept of “space of flows” and several other theoretical approaches concerned with the geography of advanced producer services and finance. It argues that while such approaches provide a useful starting point, they need be developed further in order to inform an understanding of both the nature and the dynamics of the “locational structure” of financial services and its implications for regional economic development. This point is illustrated in the case of Ireland, focusing on “domestic” banking institutions and “international” financial services operating there. The paper concludes that while “space of flows” provides a useful metaphor for approaching the geography of financial services and other knowledge intensive business services, the conceptual and analytical emphasis should shift towards the “flows of value” that ultimately impinge upon the fortunes of cities and regions. 相似文献
6.
排污权交易制度研究的理论基础 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究排污权交易制度的理论基础,是为了在理论上对其内涵有更为具体的理解和认识,在实践中有助于自觉而理性地对待和应用排污权交易制度。文章在相关文献的基础上,采用实证描述与规范研究分析方法,通过对环境问题产生的根源追溯,主要从环境外部性理论、公地悲剧理论、资源稀缺理论、市场失灵理论、科斯定理、政府失灵理论、制度变迁理论等方面探讨排污权交易制度的理论支撑。研究表明,没有固定的政府干预理论模式,也不存在完全的市场导向实践模式,任何模式都有发挥自身作用的空间。排污权交易制度是一个双赢的制度安排,折射了政府干预和市场化交易这两大学术思想的交融,是现代市场经济发展的趋势和必然结果,其背后是市场的自由运行,是政府角色和职能的转换,是经济发展制度保障的完善。 相似文献
7.
BENJAMIN FABER 《Growth and change》2007,38(4):567-594
ABSTRACT A recent string of “new economic geography” (NEG) models has set focus on the impacts of trade liberalisation on the intra‐national distribution of economic activity. What the existing contributions have in common is a basic two‐sector assumption (agriculture/manufacturing) and a resulting focus on the question of whether liberalisation leads to a greater concentration of aggregate manufacturing activity. Reconsidering these models from a multi‐sectoral perspective, the aim is to allow for sectoral differences in the spatial adjustments to liberalisation. This introduces a conceptual nexus between comparative advantage (CA)‐type sectoral recomposition effects of trade and NEG‐type spatial adjustments. In the analysis of Mexican manufacturing location 1993–2003, incipient empirical evidence is found in favour of the hypothesis that sectors characterised by a revealed comparative advantage and/or cross‐border intermediate supplies grow faster in regions with good foreign market access, whereas import competing ones gain in relative terms in regions with higher “natural protection” from poor market access. The relevancy of the proposed NEG/CA framework concerns both efficiency and equity objectives of trade adjustment policies, and opens a new perspective on the long‐run effects of trade on spatial inequality. 相似文献
8.
This study examines two important issues concerning the evaluation of business location factors. First, in contrast to many analyses that seek to determine the influence of a single factor or set of factors on site selection, this study aims to measure the relative importance of a wide range of factors. Second, it investigates the extent to which the perceived importance of a given location factor varies based on the type of facility in question. While there is a substantial amount of research devoted to identifying industry‐specific location factors, little is known about the influence that facility type has on the assessment of location criteria. Drawing on original survey data collected from real estate professionals in the U.S., we found significant differences in the mean ratings for more than half of the 39 location factors on the basis of facility type. In particular, “corporate/office” respondents were significantly more likely than “manufacturing” or “retail” respondents to assign higher ratings to “quality‐of‐life” location factors, such as crime rates, amenities, housing, and schools. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research on location theory. 相似文献
9.
Recent evolutionary economic geography studies have argued that regional diversification emerges as a path‐dependent process, as regions often branch into industries that are related to its industrial structure. However, it is less clear who are creating new industries and under what regional conditions. This research seeks to fill this gap and identify “new industry creators” in regional industrial diversification. We differentiate two types of new industry formation—path‐breaking and path‐dependent—and examine whether some new industry creators are more path‐breaking than others, by incorporating two factors that have been largely overlooked in recent literature on technological relatedness—firm heterogeneity and regional institutions. Based on a firm‐level data set of China’s manufacturing industries, this paper shows that path‐breaking and path‐dependence coexist. Empirical results confirm that firm heterogeneity and regional institutions not only affect the firms’ capabilities in creating new industries, but also encourage/discourage firms to be adventurous and path‐breaking. This research implies that lagging regions can catch up with developed regions by coordinating regional resources and adjusting local institutional arrangements to attract more path‐breaking firms. 相似文献
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11.
Susan M. Walcott 《Growth and change》1999,30(1):48-74
The relation between biomedical firms and their metropolitan region location in Atlanta, Georgia is examined as an empirical test of both innovative milieu agglomeration theory and place specific strategies for life science companies in the Deep South. This sectoral analysis utilizes questionnaires and targeted interviews to highlight the economic development role of real estate in suburban employment and residence sites (SEARS) and the intra-metropolitan directional migration of firms. Clustering of related industries is fostered by a shortage of appropriately configured laboratory and office space at the intermediate stage of the business growth cycle, encouraging information sharing and cooperative behavior via proximity by necessity. Lack of a key networking individual or mediating organization critically retards development of this potential growth engine. 相似文献
12.
Networks of interaction have assumed particular significance in recent years because of their presumed importance for learning and innovation. Alliances between related firms are thought to encourage interactive learning between participating organizations through the sharing of knowledge and information, which is itself facilitated through trust, shared values and ways of working. The vast body of literature that has emerged is, however, incredibly fragmented, encompassing an array of theoretical positions and perspectives. This paper focuses upon two issues which are believed to be of particular significance and which need clarification in order to move to a clearer understanding of the ways in which networks of interaction evolve, and of their capabilities and limitations in relation to economic performance and competitiveness: (1) the importance of network structure, arguing that innovative activity requires flexibility with regard to network formation. (2) The role of geography in relation to the construction and functioning of alliances. It is the contention here that networks are likely to be increasingly international in scope. 相似文献
13.
W. WARREN McHONE 《Growth and change》1990,21(2):46-55
One solution that has been proposed for the fiscal disparities in fragmented metropolitan areas is the sharing of taxes generated by commercial and industrial property. A criticism of this proposal is that it distorts the efficient pattern of business locations resulting when an implicit market for business locations is allowed to develop through the independent fiscal behavior of communities and the optimizing location behavior of businesses. Critics recognize that the efficiency argument against sharing a metropolitan area's business tax base must be qualified to the extent that local governments possess location advantages which enable them to extract rents from business firms. This paper presents an empirical analysis which permits a partition of the local property tax payments from industrial firms into accessibility location rents and compensation payments to the community for the negative externalities of industrial development. The empirical analysis suggests that approximately 40 percent of the industrial taxes received by communities in this analysis represents accessibility location rents. It is concluded that these receipts could be redistributed through a metropolitan area tax base sharing program without affecting the efficiency of the implicit market for business locations. 相似文献
14.
ALEXANDER C. VIAS 《Growth and change》2010,41(1):115-135
Migration flows around the U.S. have shown a great deal of temporal and geographical differentiation over the past few decades. However, the recent downturn in the U.S. economy provides a renewed motivation to explore the relationship between the macro‐economy and interstate migration. To address this issue, in this paper patterns of interstate migration are analyzed using IRS data and several migration efficiency measures for 18 2‐year time periods, 1988–2006. Included in the analysis is an examination of the relationship between system migration and economic change, structural changes in the migration system over time (national and state level), and changes in the geography of state‐level migration efficiency rates. As might be expected, the two full business cycles that occurred over this time period saw significant short‐term changes in migration flows, although the economic downturn of 2001‐02 may indicate more fundamental changes in the migration system. 相似文献
15.
深入研究农户农地流转参与行为的影响因素,对促进农地流转具有现实意义。基于地域分异与农户兼业视角,通过构建多元Logistic模型,实证检验地域分异与农户兼业对农户参与农地转出和转入行为的影响。结果表明：（1）区域经济发展水平对农户农地转出行为和转入行为均有显著正向影响,它能显著促进农户参与农地转出和农地转入;（2）区位性质对农户农地转出行为有显著影响,但对农户农地转入行为却无显著影响;（3）农户兼业程度对农户农地转出行为有显著正向影响,但对农户农地转入行为有显著负向影响;（4）家庭劳动力数、家庭承包地面积和承包地块数对农户农地转出行为,分别有显著的负向、正向和正向影响,但对农户农地转入行为却无显著性影响。农地流转政策制定应从政策差别化、兼业深度化、经营规模化3个方面着手。 相似文献
16.
Much of the literature on the location of producer services is concerned with their uneven spatial development across regions. Although this approach is useful, it proves to be limited, and a complementary analytical framework is required. This paper uses data from France's Annual Survey of Services to address producer service location from a novel perspective, that of the firm. A basic distinction is made between single site (compact) and multisite (network) producer service firms, and the natures of these two types are analyzed in terms of business strategies, location and performance. Further analyses are then based upon the distinctions between sales and servuction networks, and between specialized and diversified networks. Although significant for producing higher output levels, a network structure does not necessarily ensure a higher level of profitability. 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACT The basic premise of this article is that the historic location determinants literature is unduly pessimistic regarding the economic prospects of rural areas. Most historic location research has treated rural areas as homogeneous regions. This study demonstrates that rural counties should be treated as differentiated sets of economic environments rather than as an aggregate. The locational potential of specific industries differs dramatically among differentiated rural regions. When examined in this way, a number of high-growth industries surface as having development potential under specified rural conditions. In addition this work raises serious questions about the adequacy of product life-cycle theory (Erickson 1976) and high-technology filtering-down theory (Glasmeier 1991) in identifying the variables critical to industrial location. This work indicates that neither small size nor remoteness is as limiting as suggested by earlier research. 相似文献
18.
In the theory and practices of international relationship marketing, relationship quality (RQ) has been paid more and more attention to in the research of enterprises' multi-national business. This paper begins with the analysis of the characteristics of relation and relationship quality, and explains the effect of RQ on the international purchasing alliance decision by a causal analysis model set up. In this model, by theoretical analysis, develop four factors to describe RQ and make an empirical analysis with the answers of 151 purchasing managers in the questionnaire. The result shows that RQ has been the critical factor of international transaction decision. 相似文献
19.
WANG Xue-bing~ 《保鲜与加工》2004,(1):35-39
Spatial interpolation includes point interpolation and areal interpolation. The point interpolation is mainly used to deal with natural geography data and the areal interpolation is usually used to solve the interpolation problem of social economic statistic data. However, social economic statistic data are often collected by areas, which cannot represent their real spatial distribution. A spatial distribution model of social economic statistic data is to be established to conform to their real spatial distribution. Using the areal weighting interpolation and inverse distance weighted averaging, a spatial distribution model of GDP is established in this paper. 相似文献
20.
SUZANNE LASHNER DAYANIM 《Growth and change》2011,42(3):397-419
This research takes a neighborhood‐level geographic approach to analyzing the issue of minority‐owned business access to economic opportunity. Disparity persists between the considerable number of minority‐owned businesses and their meager impact on economies across the country. Agencies identifying barriers to full economic inclusion for these firms overlook geographic considerations. While the City of Philadelphia allots considerable resources to alleviating this disparity through its municipal set‐aside program, its reports track these efforts mainly by ethnicity. The nonspatial emphasis of the reported data renders invisible neighborhood‐level trends and geographic explanations for the disparity such as associating business size and activity to neighborhood context. Using geographic information systems analysis, this research finds neighborhood‐level geographic inequity in the city contracts awarded to minority‐owned professional services businesses in Philadelphia. The findings suggest that minority‐owned businesses located in certain predominantly minority areas of Philadelphia possibly encounter a geographic disadvantage that limits them from connecting with economic activity. These businesses may face a spatial barrier to full economic inclusion. 相似文献