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1.
Genetic markers are a much faster and more practical alternative to classical methods for the identification of genes for scab resistance present in different apple cultivars. In our study, 28 scab-resistant cultivars, four wild sources of the resistance genes and 10 susceptible cultivars were screened for the presence of the RAPD fragments OPM18/900, OPD20/600 and OPA15/900, which are reported to be linked to the Vf gene. All three marker fragments were successfully amplified with different protocols in Vf-resistant cultivars including ‘M. floribunda 821’. No marker fragments were amplified in susceptible cultivars, three out of four Va-resistant cultivars, three out of four Vm-resistant cultivars, two Vr-resistant cultivars, ‘Antonovka PI 172612’ and ‘M. pumila R 12740-7A’. All three markers were found in the cv. ‘Nova Easygro’, reported to possess the Vr gene, and the cv. ‘Reglindis’, reported to be Va-resistant. M. atrosanguinea of unknown origin showed the presence of OPD20/600 and OPA 15/900 marker bands. The cvs. ‘Nova Easygro’, ‘Reglindis’ and M. atrosanguinea are probably carriers of the VF gene. 相似文献
2.
Identification of an RAPD Marker Linked to the Vf Gene for Scab Resistance in Apples 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Resistance to V. inaequalis, derived from the small-fruited species Malus floribunda 821, is determined by a major dominant gene, assigned as Vf. The material used in this paper is based on the introgression of the Vf gene from M. floribunda into commercial apple varieties. Comparing RAPD patterns of a genomic DNA sample of M. floribunda with a pooled DNA sample of resistant individuals and that of 10 susceptible commercial apple varieties, fragments were identified which are derived from M. floribunda. One of them, the fragment OPD20/600, proved to be linked to the Vf gene with a recombination value of about 0.20—0.25. It is the first DNA marker so far for scab resistance. 相似文献
3.
Scab and powdery mildew, caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. and Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis et Ev.) Salm. are the most important apple diseases. The apple clone U 211 is resistant to scab and is also highly resistant to powdery mildew under field conditions. The interval mapping method was applied for the identification of genomic regions conferring U 211 resistance to powdery mildew. The genetic maps of the ‘Idared’ and U 211 genome sectors were constructed using amplified fragment lenght polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers and 98 individuals from the progeny of the cross ‘Idared’× U 211. On the basis of the phenotypic and molecular marker data 10 powdery mildew resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in U 211 and ‘Idared’. One of the QTL in the clone U 211 explained 48‐72% of the phenotypic variation and its effect was stable over years. 相似文献
4.
Validation of a major QTL for scab resistance with SSR markers and use of marker-assisted selection in wheat 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
The objectives of this study were to validate the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for scab resistance on the short arm of chromosome 3B in bread wheat and to isolate near‐isogenic lines for this QTL using marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Two resistant by susceptible populations, both using ‘Ning7840’ as the source of resistance, were developed to examine the effect of the 3BS QTL in different genetic backgrounds. Data for scab resistance and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the resistance QTL were analyzed in the F2:3 lines of one population and in the F3:4 lines of the other. Markers linked to the major QTL on chromosome 3BS in the original mapping population (‘Ning7840’/‘Clark’) were closely associated with scab resistance in both validation populations. Marker‐assisted selection for the QTL with the SSR markers combined with phenotypic selection was more effective than selection based solely on phenotypic evaluation in early generations. Marker‐assisted selection of the major QTL during the seedling stage plus phenotypic selection after flowering effectively identified scab resistant lines in this experiment. Near‐isogenic lines for this 3BS QTL were isolated from the F6 generation of the cross ‘Ning7840’/‘IL89‐7978’ based on two flanking SSR markers, Xgwm389 and Xbarc147. Based on these results, MAS for the major scab resistance QTL can improve selection efficiency and may facilitate stacking of scab resistance genes from different sources. 相似文献
5.
Yuanxia Liu Jinhao Lan Caihong Wang Baohua Li Jun Zhu Chunxiao Liu Hongyi Dai 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(1):119-125
Apple Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is a severe fungal disease that damages apple leaves during the summer in China. Breeding new apple varieties that are resistant to the disease is considered the best way of controlling GLS. Fine mapping and tightly linked marker are critically essential for the preselection of resistant seedlings. In this study, a population of 207 F1 individuals derived from a cross between ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’ was used to construct a fine simple sequence repeat (SSR)‐based genetic linkage map. The position of Rgls, a locus responsible for resistance to GLS, was identified on apple linkage group (LG) 15 using SSR markers CH05g05 and CH01d08, which was adapted from a published set of 300 SSR markers that were developed using the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method. These two SSR markers flanked the gene, and its recombination rate was 8.7% and 23.2%, respectively. A total of 276 newly developed SSR markers around the target region and designed from the genome apple assembly contig of LG15 were screened. Only nine of these were determined to be linked to the Rgls locus. Thus, a total of 11 SSR markers were in linkage with Rgls, and mapped at distances ranging from 0.5 to 33.8 cM. The closest marker to the Rgls locus was S0405127, which showed a genetic distance of approximately 0.5 cM. The first mapping of the gene Rgls was constructed, and the locations of the 11 effective primers in the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple genome sequence were anchored. This result facilitates better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the trait of resistance to GLS and could be used in improving the breeding efficiency of GLS‐resistant apple varieties. 相似文献
6.
This report describes the conversion of a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker (the 2B12a locus). linked to the Sd1 aphid resistance gene, to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based marker. A section of the 2BI2 probe was sequenced and two primers were designed lo amplify this sequence in the cultivars‘Prima’and‘Fiesta’: all the amplification products were the same size. After sequencing. two specific 24-mer oligonueleotides were synthesized (DdARM-51 and DdAR.M-32) to exploit a single base-pair difference. These primers were used to screen 44 plants from the‘Prima’x‘Fiesta’family and generated a single amplification product (196bp). in approximately half of the seedlings, which was linked to the resistance gene Sd1,. The DdARM primer combination was used to evaluate a range of apple cultivars and selections, including some varieties derived from‘Cox’and alternative sources of resistance reported in the literature. In parallel with this work, the phenotypic response of the same genotypes was either confirmed or determined in replicated glasshouse tests. The sequence characterized amplified regions (.SCAR) marker was amplified in all the resistant plants, with the exception of‘Northern Spy’and 3760 (the sources of Sd2 and Sd3 resistance, respectively), but never in the susceptible plants. The possible role of this marker in a marker-assisted breeding strategy, and its compatibility with a SCAR marker linked to the I, gene for resistance to apple scab. is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Evaluation of common wheat cultivars for tan spot resistance and chromosomal location of a resistance gene in the cultivar 'Salamouni' 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A total of 50 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated for resistance to tan spot, using Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis race 1 and race 5 isolates. The cultivars ‘Salamouni’, ‘Red Chief’, ‘Dashen’, ‘Empire’ and ‘Armada’ were resistant to isolate ASC1a (race 1), whereas 76% of the cultivars were susceptible. Chi‐squared analysis of the F2 segregation data of hybrids between 20 monosomic lines of the wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ and the resistant cultivar ‘Salamouni’ revealed that tan spot resistance in ‘Salamouni’ was controlled by a single recessive gene located on chromosome 3A. This gene is designated tsn4. The resistant cultivars identified in this study are recommended for use in breeding programmes to improve tan spot resistance in common wheat. 相似文献
8.
Analysis of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) indicated the presence of a novel resistance gene in the indica rice cultivar ‘Tetep’ which was highly resistant to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea.‘Tetep’ was crossed to the widely used susceptible cultivar ‘CO39’ to generate the mapping population. A Mendelian segregation ratio of 3 : 1 for resistant to susceptible F2 plants further confirmed the presence of a major dominant locus, in ‘Tetep’, conferring resistance to the blast fungal isolate B157, corresponding to the international race IC9. Simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) was used for molecular genetic analysis. The analysis revealed that the SSLP marker RM 246 was linked to a novel blast resistance gene designated Pi‐tp(t) in ‘Tetep’. 相似文献
9.
Early determination of genotypes for apple scab resistance by forced flowering of test cross progenies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Apple selections with different major genes for resistance to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) derived from Malus floribunda and M. pumila were crossed with each other. The progenies were screened as young seedlings for their reaction to V. inaequalis race 1. A gene for resistance from M. pumila, causing stellate necrotic (SN) lesions, was epistatic to a second gene for resistance from M. floribunda, causing irregular chlorotic (Chl) lesions. Although in most cases SN, Chl and susceptible phenotypes were clearly distinct, occasionally reactions were difficult to characterize or varied from one inoculation to another. Selected seedlings showing resistant or susceptible reactions were forced to flower in 16–20 months in the greenhouse and test crossed with susceptible cultivars. Test cross seedlings were screened for scab reaction. The presence of both genes for resistance in a resistant plant was indicated by presence of both Chl and SN resistant phenotypes in the test cross progeny. Chi-square analysis of four large progenies produced a good fit to the expected ratio. The use of the forced flowering technique to determine scab resistance genotypes in 28 months demonstrated its value in breeding apples with multiple disease resistance. 相似文献
10.
Molecular mapping of a novel blast resistance gene Pi38 in rice using SSLP and AFLP markers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Blast, caused by Magnaporthe grisea, is the most devastating disease of rice worldwide. In this study, the main objective was to identify and map a new gene for blast resistance, in an indica rice cultivar ‘Tadukan’ against blast fungal isolate B157, using molecular tools. F2 segregating population was derived from ‘CO39’ (susceptible) and ‘Tadukan’ (resistant), and molecular mapping of the blast resistance gene was carried out using simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methods. Two SSLP markers, RM206 and RM21 and three AFLP markers (AF1: E‐aca/M‐ctt; AF2: E‐aca/M‐cat and AF3: E‐acc/M‐cac2) were identified to be linked to the resistance gene. The co‐segregation analysis using SSLP markers implied that the blast resistance gene designated Pi38 resides on rice chromosome 11. 相似文献
11.
12.
Black rot is the most devastating disease of cauliflower worldwide causing severe damage to crop. The identification of markers linked to loci that control resistance can facilitate selection of plants for breeding programmes. In the present investigation, F2 population derived from a cross between ‘Pusa Himjyoti’, a susceptible genotype, and ‘BR‐161’, a resistant genotype, was phenotyped by artificial inoculation using Xcc race 1. Segregation analysis of F2 progeny indicated that a single dominant locus governed resistance to Xcc race 1 in ‘BR‐161’. Bulk segregant analysis in resistant and susceptible bulks of F2 progeny revealed seven differentiating polymorphic markers (three RAPD, two ISSR and two SSR) of 102 markers screened. Subsequently, these markers were used to genotype the entire F2 population, and a genetic linkage map covering 74.7 cM distance was developed. The major locus Xca1bo was mapped in 1.6‐cM interval flanked by the markers RAPD 04833 and ISSR 11635. The Xca1bo locus was located on chromosome 3. The linked markers will be useful for marker‐assisted resistance breeding in cauliflower. 相似文献
13.
J. Ovesná J. Vacke L. Kucera J. Chrpová I. Nováková A. Jahoor V. &#;ip 《Plant Breeding》2000,119(6):481-486
The inheritance of resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was studied in the selected 24 spring and winter barley cultivars that showed a high or intermediate resistance level in 1994‐97 field infection tests. The polymerase chain reaction diagnostic markers YLM and Ylp were used to identify the resistance gene Yd2. The presence of the Yd2 gene was detected with both markers in all the resistant spring barley cultivars and lines from the CIMMYT/ICARDA BYDV nurseries. The results of field tests and genetic analyses in winter barley corresponded with marker analyses only when the Ylp marker was used. Genes non‐allelic with Yd2 were detected by genetic analyses and the Ylp marker in moderately resistant spring barley cultivars ‘Malvaz’, ‘Atribut’ and ‘Madras’, and in the winter barley cultivars ‘Perry’ and ‘Sigra’. Significant levels of resistance to BYDV were obtained by combining the resistance gene Yd2 with genes detected in moderately resistant cultivars. The utilization of analysed resistance sources in barley breeding is discussed. 相似文献
14.
Venturia nashicola, the cause of scab on Asian pears, is distinct from Venturia pirina, a causal fungus of European pear scab. Although scab caused by V. nashicola is one of the most serious diseases in the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai var. culta Nakai), information available regarding resistant breeding against V. nashicola is limited. In this study, 12 genotypes of Japanese pear, seven genotypes of Chinese pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.) and four genotypes of European pear (Pyrus communis L. var. sativa DC.) and/or their offspring were evaluated for susceptibility to V. nashicola with leaf and fruit inoculation tests. At 30–40 days after full bloom in their developmental stage, unfolded young leaves and fruit were inoculated with conidial suspensions of V. nashicola for each genotype, and the responses were rated at 30 days postinoculation for the inoculated leaves and at 42 days postinoculation for the inoculated fruits. No visible symptoms were found in European pear ‘Bartlett’ and ‘La France’ and their respective offspring ‘290‐36’ and ‘282‐12’, in the Japanese pear ‘Kinchaku’ and in the Chinese pears ‘Cangxili’ and ‘Hongli’; these genotypes were evaluated as highly resistant to V. nashicola. Necrotic lesions without sporulation were observed in the Chinese pears ‘Qiubaili’, ‘Manyuanxiang’, ‘Yuanbali’ and ‘Xiangyali’, which were regarded as resistant. Sporulating lesions were formed on the other genotypes, such as the major Japanese pear cultivars ‘Kosui’ and ‘Nijisseiki’, which were regarded as susceptible. The response of inoculated leaves coincided well with that of inoculated fruit for each genotype. When the severity of scab symptoms on scab‐susceptible genotypes was further rated with disease severity (DS) values, a genotypic difference was observed for overall DS values in a successive 2‐year measurement among the susceptible genotypes. Based on the DS values of leaf and fruit scabs, the Japanese pears ‘Niitaka’, ‘Shinko’, ‘Nijisseiki’, ‘Gold Nijisseiki’, ‘Osa Nijisseiki’ and ‘Shinsui’ were considered to be less susceptible to V. nashicola than the typical susceptible cultivar ‘Kosui’. 相似文献
15.
Barley yellow dwarf disease (BYDD) is one of the main viral diseases of small grain cereals. This disease, reported on numerous plant species of the Poaceae family, is caused by a complex of viral species including the species Barley yellow dwarf virus‐PAV (BYDV‐PAV, family Luteoviridae, genus Luteovirus), frequently found in western Europe. Resistance sources towards BYDD are scarce. Indeed, breeding‐resistant genotypes is a long and expensive process. Thus, estimating the durability of the resistance genes before the achievement of selection would be an asset for breeders. One isolate of BYDV‐PAV has been serially passaged on two hosts, ‘Zhong ZH’ and ‘TC14’, carrying a gene for partial resistance. The resulting viral population showed an increase of the speed of development of the infection in controlled conditions. In this study, these viral populations were evaluated in a 3‐year field trial, including a susceptible host, ‘Rendezvous’, and a host carrying the resistance gene of ‘TC14’ in a ‘Rendezvous’ background, to assess the effect of serial passages in field conditions. Results indicate that isolates issued from serial passages on hosts carrying a gene for partial resistance induced increased damage in field conditions when compared with the initial isolate. Yield losses are mainly due to a decrease of the number of kernels per square metre. The interest on using partial resistance gene to control BYDD is discussed. 相似文献
16.
Sang-Nag Ahn Yeon-Kyu Kim Ha-Cheol Hong Seong-Sook Han Soo-Jin Kwon Hae-Chune Choi Huhn-Pal Moon Susan R. McCouch 《Euphytica》2000,116(1):17-22
A single dominant blast resistance gene conferring resistance to a Korean rice blast isolate was identified in rice variety
`Suweon 365'. We report the chromosomal localization and molecular mapping of this blast resistance gene designated as Pi-18, which confers resistance to Korean isolate `KI-313' of the blast pathogen. To know whether there is a relationship among
genes conditioning resistance to location-specific isolates of the blast pathogen and thereby to identify linked markers to
resistance gene for isolate KI-313 collected in Korea, RFLP markers previously reported to be linked to major blast resistance
genes in different rice germplasm and other markers mapped to nearby regions were surveyed for polymorphism between a resistant
(`Suweon 365') and a susceptible (`Chucheongbyeo') parent. Linkage associations of the RFLP markers with the resistance gene
were verified using an F2 and F3 segregating population of known blast reaction. RFLP analysis showed that Pi-18 was located near the end of chromosome 11, linked to a single copy clone RZ536 at a distance of 5.4 centiMorgans (cM) and
that this gene was different from Pi-1(t). An allelism test revealed that this gene was also different from Pi-k. Currently, a combination of RAPD and microsatellite primers is being employed to find additional markers in this region.
Tightly linked DNA markers will facilitate selection for resistant genotypes in breeding programs and provide the basis for
map based cloning of this new blast resistance gene.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Incompatibility and resistance to woolly apple aphid in apple 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The study investigated the reported linkage of the locus for resistance to woolly apple aphid with the locus for incompatibility. Apple seedlings from the cross ‘Northern Spy’(heterozygous for resistance) בTotem’(susceptible) were scored for resistance, and for incompatibility genotype, by analysis of stylar ribonucleases, and for Got‐1, the isoenzyme marker for incompatibility. Cosegregation analysis provided no evidence that the loci for resistance and incompatibility are linked. Two rootstock cultivars,‘M9’and ‘Merton 789′, which in early work had been reported to give poor set in crosses with ‘Northern Spy’, were found to have the same incompatibility genotype as ‘Northern Spy’, namely S1S3.‘M4’and ‘Irish Peach’, two other cultivars that had given poor set when crossed on to ‘Northern Spy’, appeared to be homozygous at the incompatibility locus and to have the genotypes S3S3 and S1S1, respectively. 相似文献
18.
Molecular mapping of a new gene for resistance to frogeye leaf spot of soya bean in 'Peking' 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) techniques were used to map the _RGSpeking gene, which is resistant to most isolates of Cercospora sojina in the soya bean cultivar ‘Peking’. The mapping was conducted using a defined F2 population derived from the cross of ‘Peking’(resistant) בLee’(susceptible). Of 64 EcoRI and MseI primer combinations, 30 produced polymorphisms between the two parents. The F2 population, consisting of 116 individuals, was screened with the 30 AFLP primer pairs and three mapped SSR markers to detect markers possibly linked to RcsPeking. One AFLP marker amplified by primer pair E‐AAC/M‐CTA and one SSR marker Satt244 were identified to be linked to ResPeking. The gene was located within a 2.1‐cM interval between markers AACCTA178 and Satt244, 1.1 cM from Satt244 and 1.0 cM from AACCTA178. Since the SSR markers Satt244 and Satt431 have been mapped to molecular linkage group (LG) J of soya bean, the ResPeking resistance gene was putatively located on the LG J. This will provide soya bean breeders an opportunity to use these markers for marker‐assisted selection for frogeye leaf spot resistance in soya bean. 相似文献
19.
X. Wang Y. Jacob S. Mastrantuono J. Bazzano R. Voisin D. Esmenjaud 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(1):79-83
The spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla was studied in the diploid species Rosa multiflora and R. indica. The host suitability of seven rose rootstocks, namely five R. multiflora (K2, K1, Floradale, CE63 and CE65) and two R. indica (CE35 and Maroc) clonal accessions, was evaluated using four geographic isolates of M. hapla. Plants grown under greenhouse conditions were tested at high and durable inoculum pressure of nematodes and rated for nematode infestation five months after inoculation on a 0–5 gall index. Different host suitabilities to M. hapla were demonstrated depending on the nematode isolates: in R. multiflora, the clone K2 had a resistant (R) response to all isolates; the clone K1 ranged from intermediate (I) (isolate ‘Canada’) to resistant (other isolates), Floradale was shown to be intermediate, whereas CE63 and CE65 were moderate to good hosts (H). In R. indica, both rootstocks were good to excellent hosts for the isolate Canada but resistant to all three other isolates, thus expressing an isolate‐specific resistance. A study on the genetics of resistance in R. multiflora to the M. hapla isolate Canada was then conducted using an incomplete diallel cross involving all previous clones except Floradale. A total of 120 hybrid individuals belonging to several progenies representing the cross combinations R × I, R × H, I × H and H × H were evaluated. Individuals of each progeny generally ranged into a monomodal distribution that suggests polygenic inheritance of resistance. In the family Rosaceae, the differences in the resistance genetics to the meiotic species M. hapla and to the mitotic species, M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica are discussed in relation to the reproductive status of the nematodes. 相似文献
20.
The Japanese barley cultivar, ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’, is partially resistant to the PAV serotype of barley yellow-dwarf virus (BYDV), but its induced mutant line, Ea52, is susceptible. The inheritance of resistance in cv. ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ to BYDV-PAV was investigated. The F, and F2 plants of crosses of cvs ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’, Ea52, ‘Vixen’, carrying the Yd2 gene of resistance, and ‘Plaisant’, a susceptible French cultivar, were tested in growth chamber and field conditions. Isolate RG, against which ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ is partially resistant in growth chamber and field conditions, and isolate 2t, which overcomes the partial resistance of ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ in field conditions (Chalhoub et al. 1994) were used. The segregation of F2 plants of crosses between ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ and the susceptible cultivars to isolate RG (one resistant to three susceptible) suggests that the resistance of ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ is controlled by a single recessive gene. All 537 F2 plants of ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’בVixen’ tested with isolate RG in growth chamber and field conditions were resistant. The F2 plants of this cross were all resistant to isolate 2t in growth chamber conditions but segregated with a ratio of one resistant to three susceptible in field conditions owing to the susceptibility of ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ to this isolate. Results suggest that the resistance gene in ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ is tightly linked or allelic with the Yd2 gene in ‘Vixen’. However, it differs from this gene in ‘Vixen’ in that it can be overcome by isolate 2t in field conditions. 相似文献