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1.
柿果类胡萝卜素化学成份及其含量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对柿果中类胡萝卜素化学成份及其含量的季节性变化以及栽培条件的影响等进行了调查,旨在为柿色素代谢及其功能性成分合成与调控等的深入研究奠定基础。结果如下：柿果实中的色素成份为玉米黄质、β-隐黄质、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素和番茄红素;果皮中的类胡萝卜素总含量约是果肉中的6-11倍;按类胡萝卜素组成成分的含量由高至低,果皮依次为玉米黄质、β-隐黄质、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素和番茄红素;而果肉依次为β-隐黄质、玉米黄质和β-胡萝卜素。结果表明,柿果肉主要色素成份为功能性β-隐黄质。温室栽培磨盘柿果中功能性成分β-隐黄质含量是露地的3倍。供试7品种间色素成分与含量有很大区别。 相似文献
2.
甜玉米乳熟期籽粒维生素A源和维生素E组分的变异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
维生素A和维生素E是人与动物必须从食物中摄取的微营养物质。甜玉米是人类直接食用的一种鲜食玉米类型。本研究利用高效液相色谱法测定了47份甜玉米自交系籽粒乳熟期的维生素A源和维生素E各组分的含量。结果表明,不同基因型甜玉米材料间维生素A源和维生素E各组分及α/γ-生育酚存在显著差异。非维生素A源的叶黄素和玉米黄质为维生素A组分中的主要成分,γ-生育酚为维生素E组分中的主要成分。相关分析表明多数性状间表现为显著正相关或不相关,其中β-胡萝卜素极显著正相关于玉米黄质、β-隐黄质和α-类胡萝卜素,维生素E各组分两两极显著相关,α/γ-生育酚极显著负相关于δ-生育酚和γ-生育酚,极显著正相关于玉米黄质和α-生育酚,β-胡萝卜素与α-生育酚的呈正相关。这些数据为进一步研究甜玉米籽粒中维生素A源和维生素E的代谢和微营养品质的改良提供了有益的表型数据。 相似文献
3.
玉米籽粒含有几种类胡萝卜素(维生素A原)，它们在哺乳动物中可形成脂溶性维生素A。将黄色和橘色传递给玉米胚乳的两类类胡萝卜素是胡萝卜素和叶黄素。维生素A原的活性主要由β-胡萝卜素活性决定的，它与α-胡萝卜素、β-玉米黄素和γ-胡萝卜素的关系 相似文献
4.
籽粒颜色是玉米重要的性状之一,籽粒色素影响玉米的营养价值和商品品质,解析其遗传机制对玉米优良种质选育至关重要。本研究以244份玉米优良自交系为材料,分析其籽粒颜色的遗传变异规律,并利用覆盖玉米全基因组的913万个SNP标记,开展籽粒颜色的全基因组关联分析,以期初步解析玉米籽粒颜色的遗传学基础。结果显示,共检测到258个SNP位点与玉米籽粒颜色性状紧密关联,其中与Level、R、G、B、Gray和RGB性状显著关联的SNP位点(Sig SNP)分别有27、11、7、197、5和11个,且有6个位点/区间(meta SNP)被至少2个性状同时定位到。所有显著性SNP位点附近共定位到482个候选基因,其中37个候选基因位于meta SNP区域,控制玉米黄白粒的Y1基因和类胡萝卜素合成的DXS3基因被籽粒颜色B值定位到。本研究结果可为进一步筛选控制籽粒颜色的基因和指导籽粒颜色选择育种提供理论基础。 相似文献
5.
不同来源玉米自交系籽粒品质性状研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提供玉米育种品质改良的依据,研究了不同来源的211份玉米自交系籽粒品质性状间的差异及相关性。采用近红外光谱分析仪测定籽粒粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗淀粉、赖氨酸含量4个籽粒品质性状,并在系统聚类分析的基础上进行了类群间各性状变异分析。结果表明,各性状不同自交系间、年份间、地点间、年份×自交系、自交系×年份×地点均存在显著或极显著差异;不同自交系间粗蛋白、粗脂肪和赖氨酸的含量存在明显差异,赖氨酸含量变异系数最大（22.77%）,粗淀粉含量变异系数相对较小（1.89%）;各品质间的相关性分析显示粗脂肪和粗蛋白、赖氨酸和粗蛋白、赖氨酸和粗脂肪含量间呈显著正相关,粗淀粉和粗蛋白、粗脂肪、赖氨酸含量间呈负相关;供试自交系可分为9类,其中类群G1~G5包含205个自交系,占97.16%,品质性状优良的自交系以类群G1、G2、G4和G5最多,与‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’两大杂交种的4个亲本自交系比较,本研究共选出32份籽粒品质优良自交系,为玉米自交系籽粒品质性状的改良提供参考。 相似文献
6.
鹤望兰黄色花萼色素成分分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过鹤望兰黄色花萼色素成分分析,对研究其花色形成机理具有重要意义。该文对鹤望兰黄色花萼进行紫外-可见光谱分析、花色表型测定和高效液相色谱分析。结果发现,黄色花萼含有类胡萝卜素和黄酮类化合物。在类胡萝卜素中,β-胡萝卜素含量最高,达825.80 μg/(g·FW),其次是β-隐黄质含量[322.28 μg/(g·FW)],含量最少是叶黄素[3.87 μg/(g·FW)]。该项研究为鹤望兰花色素成分的进一步分离和鉴定等工作提供了参考,同时也为鹤望兰花色的分子育种提供帮助。 相似文献
7.
为探讨外源硒对60Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长以及生理的影响,以菜豆品种‘13-6-1-2’和‘紫冠’为试验材料,通过外源喷施50 μg/mL的亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)溶液,研究60Co-γ辐射(120 Gy)下外源Se对菜豆的表型、抗氧化酶活性(POD、SOD、CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素以及硒含量的影响。结果显示,60Co-γ辐射下外源硒显著提高了菜豆幼苗体内的硒含量,也不同程度提高了抗氧化酶活性及MDA和叶绿素的含量。研究表明,叶面喷施适当浓度的外源硒可以促进菜豆的生长发育,提高菜豆自身的硒含量,提高其抗氧化能力,缓解60Co-γ射线对菜豆幼苗生长的影响。 相似文献
8.
为筛选出川中丘陵区食用型甘薯‘川M1422’适宜的综合栽培技术,采用三元二次通用组合正交设计方法,研究移栽密度、复合肥和保水剂施用量对‘川M1422’鲜薯产量和品质指标的影响。结果表明,3个栽培因素对‘川M1422’鲜薯产量、商品薯率、干物率、蛋白质、淀粉和维生素C含量的影响为移栽密度>保水剂施用量>复合肥施用量,对β-胡萝卜素含量的影响为保水剂施用量>移栽密度>复合肥施用量。以β-胡萝卜素含量、维生素C含量、商品薯率为优先考虑指标,能同时满足β-胡萝卜素含量>0.47%、维生素C含量>29.00 mg/100 g、商品薯率>93.00%的综合优化栽培措施为移栽密度4.82×104~5.76×104株/hm2、复合肥施用量709.72~785.21 kg/hm2、保水剂施用量32.67~41.03 kg/hm2。 相似文献
9.
建立了利用高效液相色谱法同时测定玉米籽粒类胡萝卜素和生育酚各组分含量的技术体系,分析了112份黄色胚乳玉米自交系的类胡萝卜素和生育酚含量,其中包括32份高油自交系和80份在生产上广泛应用的普通玉米自交系。结果表明,不同自交系间存在广泛的变异,各组分含量变幅最大的是α-生育酚,含量相差达162倍;变幅最小的是δ-生育酚,含量相差也接近4倍。类胡萝卜素各组分含量在高油和普通玉米自交系之间并没有显著差异,但普通玉米的变异范围更为广泛;高油玉米生育酚各组分含量显著高于普通玉米,其中γ-生育酚、α-生育酚和总生育酚含量的均值分别是普通玉米均值的2.4、2.5和2.4倍。尽管供试的高油玉米材料仅32份,但其生育酚的某些组分比普通玉米具有更广泛的遗传变异。这为进一步的玉米高油、高维生素A原、高维生素E,即“三高”品质成分育种提供了有益参考。 相似文献
10.
大白菜的类胡萝卜素种类鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为建立大白菜类胡萝卜素鉴定方法,利用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）,根据标样和二极管阵列检测器的检测结果,对不同类型大白菜材料的类胡萝卜素种类进行鉴定。结果表明：利用C30柱从大白菜中共分离出48类胡萝卜素,根据保留时间和吸收谱特征鉴定出其中的30种成分,链孢红素、玉米黄质、六氢番茄红素、ζ-胡萝卜素、γ-胡萝卜素和紫黄质均为首次在大白菜中报道。橙色大白菜中的类胡萝卜素种类最多,与其他大白菜存在很大差异。说明该鉴定方法适用于大白菜的类胡萝卜素种类研究。 相似文献
11.
The basis of the novel cream/yellow flower color found in two Sandersonia aurantiaca lines was examined as part of a project to develop new colors for this cut flower crop in New Zealand. The original color,
bright orange, is due to the accumulation of the carotenoid pigments zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin. The cream/yellow lines
have much lower levels of total carotenoid pigments (17% and 21%) in their tepal tissue compared to the wild type progenitor.
Microscopic analysis of epidermal cells showed alteration in the pigment cluster bodies of tepal tissue of the cream/yellow
lines compared to the orange wild type. HPLC analysis of the pigments showed that one cream/yellow line (Y-H) produced the
same pigment profile as the wild type (zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin). In comparison, the other cream/yellow line (Y-S) produced
the carotenoid profile normally found in green vegetative tissue (β-carotene and lutein). Analysis of carotenoid biosynthetic
gene expression in Sandersonia indicated that the cream/yellow Y-H line showed expression patterns similar to the wild type, and gene expression in the
Y-S line is decreased relative to the wild type and the Y-H line.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Carotenoids are not only important to the plants themselves but also are beneficial to human health. Since citrus fruit is a good source of carotenoids for the human diet, it is important to study carotenoid profiles and the accumulation mechanism in citrus fruit. Thus, in the present paper, we describe the diversity in the carotenoid profiles of fruit among citrus genotypes. In regard to carotenoids, such as β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, lycopene, and β-citraurin, the relationship between the carotenoid profile and the expression of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes is discussed. Finally, recent results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of carotenoid contents and expression levels of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes in citrus fruit are shown. 相似文献
13.
Constantino Tomás Senete Paulo Evaristo de Oliveira Guimarães Maria Cristina Dias Paes João Cândido de Souza 《Euphytica》2011,182(3):395-404
Vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia in preschool-aged children worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate
the genetic parameters that would be useful in selecting parent plants for developing productive hybrids with higher levels
of provitamin A in the maize kernel. A complete 7 × 7 diallel mating scheme was used to generate 21 single-cross hybrids.
The F1 crosses and check hybrids were evaluated in complete block design across three different Brazilian environments, and carotenoid
content was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. General combining ability effects were significant for all
traits except α-carotene This result indicates that the contribution of the additive effect was more important for provitamin
A and other carotenoids and, consequently that there is high chance of improving this trait through recurrent selection methods.
Line 3 produced the highest level of kernel provitamin A among the inbred lines evaluated and also demonstrated the potential
to contribute to the development of genetic materials with a good performance for provitamin A. Inbred lines 1, 6, and 7 showed
a higher concentration of favorable alleles for grain yield, and inbred lines 3 and 6 exhibited a higher concentration of
favorable alleles for β-carotene. Hybrid 1 × 3 performed well in terms of provitamin A and grain yield and combination 2 × 3
was the best performer in terms of lutein content. 相似文献
14.
Abebe Menkir Bussie Maziya-Dixon Wende Mengesha Torbert Rocheford Emmanuel Oladeji Alamu 《Euphytica》2017,213(5):105
Maize has been targeted as one of the major crops for provitamin enrichment and delivery because it is an inexpensive and easily available source of food for millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa. Although tropical-adapted yellow maize contains provitamin-A carotenoids that can be converted into vitamin A in the human body, they represent less than 25% of the total carotenoids in most widely grown and consumed maize cultivars in Africa. Novel genes conditioning high concentration of β-carotene and other carotenoids were then continually introduced from the temperate zone and tropics to boost provitamin A in tropical-adapted maize. Several promising inbred lines developed from backcrosses involving diverse exotic donor lines displayed provitamin A concentrations that match or surpass the current breeding target of 15 μg g?1. Some of these lines attained high provitamin A content by accumulating mainly high β-carotene while others contained high provitamin A by promoting accumulation of high levels of both carotenes and xanthophylls. Several inbred lines with intermediate to high levels of provitamin A have already been used to develop hybrids and synthetics without compromising grain yield and other adaptive traits that are required to profitably cultivate maize by farmers in West and Central Africa. 相似文献
15.
本研究以‘皮球桃’及其芽变桃不同发育阶段的果肉与叶片中脉为试材,采用HPLC法测定两种桃中类胡萝卜素的组分构成与含量积累,并对类胡萝卜素生物合成及代谢过程中关键基因的转录水平进行实时荧光定量PCR分析。结果显示,芽变桃中类胡萝卜素总含量极显著高于‘皮球桃’,β-隐黄质、α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素的积累差异是造成两种桃呈色不同的主要原因。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,CCD4在果肉和叶片中脉中的表达规律完全相同,且与类胡萝卜素的积累模式一致,因此CCD4的表达差异可能是导致芽变桃果肉及叶片中脉突变为黄色的重要原因。本研究利用‘皮球桃’及其自然突变体作为探讨类胡萝卜素合成及代谢调控的理想材料,以期从生理及分子层面揭示变异黄桃的形成机理,为桃的类胡萝卜素调控基因开发、变异的早期鉴定、认识和选育富含类胡萝卜素桃品种提供理论基础。 相似文献
16.
高油玉米杂交种由高油玉米自交系和普通玉米自交系杂交组配而成,高油玉米育种的核心仍然是杂种优势的利用。为了高油玉米育种的亲本选择和组合配制提供理论依据,以3份高油玉米新种质为父本,自选的4份普通自交系为母本,采用不完全双列杂交设计组配12个F1组合为供试材料,对其子粒油分、蛋白质和淀粉含量进行配合力分析。结果表明:不同的自交系,不同品质性状的配合力表现不同。XGY003、YZ141B、H195-2具有油分含量一般配合力较高的自交系。C279、YZ141B、H195-2自交系的蛋白质一般配合力较高。XGY003、XGY020、C279、H78-3自交系的淀粉一般配合力较高。一般配合力高的亲本,容易产生特殊配合力高的组合,但双亲的一般配合力较高的也不一定组合的特殊配合力就高。本试验没有发现3个品质性状一般配合力效应值都高的自交系。综合看来,3份高油玉米种质中XGY003油分含量一般配合力效应值较高,4份普通自交系中YZ141B、H195-2油分含量一般配合力效应值较高,这3个自交系在长治地区玉米育种中可作为高油玉米自交系加大利用,以选出油分含量较高的优势组合。C279、YZ141B、H195-2自交系的蛋白质一般配合力较高,XGY003、XGY020、C279、H78-3自交系的淀粉一般配合力较高,在以后玉米育种中可作为特用玉米自交系作进一步的改良和应用。 相似文献
17.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,43(1):14-22
Degreening with ethylene is a common postharvest practice in citrus fruit. In this work we have examined the effect of ethylene treatment on carotenoid content and composition, and on the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes in the flavedo of Navelate orange (Citrus sinensis L.) harvested at two ripening stages. The ethylene-induced fruit coloration and carotenoid content in the flavedo increased with the ripening stage of the fruit. Analysis of the changes in individual carotenoids revealed that ethylene stimulated an increase in phytoene, phytofluene, (9Z)-violaxanthin which is the main carotenoid in fully ripened orange peel, and the apocarotenoid β-citraurin, and decreased the concentration of chloroplastic carotenoids. These changes are consistent with the effect of ethylene on the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, since it up-regulated the expression of phytoene synthase, ζ-carotene desaturase and β-carotene hydroxylase genes, sustained or transiently increased accumulation of phytoene desaturase, plastid terminal oxidase, β-lycopene cyclase and zeaxanthin epoxidase mRNAs, and decreased the expression of the ɛ-lycopene cyclase gene. These data indicate that exogenous ethylene reproduces and accelerates the physiological and molecular changes in the carotenoid biosynthesis naturally occurring during maturation of citrus fruit. On the other hand, gibberellic acid, which delays fruit degreening, reduced the ethylene-induced expression of early carotenoid biosynthetic genes and the accumulation of phytoene, phytofluene and β-citraurin. 相似文献