共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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以牛皮杜鹃(Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.)为试材,采用脱落酸(ABA)预处理4d,常温和低温胁迫下培养2d后,分别对其进行叶绿素荧光含量与气孔大小测定,研究了外源ABA对低温胁迫下牛皮杜鹃PSⅡ光合特性与气孔性状的影响,以期为探究其抗寒性机制提供参考依据。结果表明:牛皮杜鹃幼苗的正常生长由于低温胁迫,受到显著抑制,导致PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)以及非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)、潜在活性(Fv/Fo)显著下降(P<0.05)。外源ABA能够显著缓解低温胁迫对牛皮杜鹃叶片光合能力的影响,优化气体交换过程,对气孔长度、宽度、长宽比影响显著(P<0.05),提高PSⅡ反应中心活性,提高光能利用率,促进物质积累,提高牛皮杜鹃对低温胁迫的耐受性。 相似文献
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盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片光合特性及叶绿素和β-胡萝卜素含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以新疆当地栽培种"石红305"和"黑番茄"为试材,采用基质栽培方法,设置50、100、150、200mmol/L不同盐胁迫浓度,以0mmol/L为对照,测定了番茄幼苗叶片的光合特性以及叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和β-胡萝卜素的含量变化,以探讨盐胁迫对不同番茄品种光合特性及光合色素含量的影响。结果表明:随盐胁迫程度的增加,2个番茄品种叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,且光合速率的降低主要由气孔限制因素造成;而水分利用效率(WUE)却基本成增高趋势,这与Pn和Tr的下降幅度有关;叶绿素a含量随盐胁迫浓度的增加而逐渐降低,而叶绿素b、总叶绿素以及β-胡萝卜素含量的变化趋势与净光合速率等的变化趋势相同;这说明一定程度的盐胁迫在影响植物的光合作用、叶绿素合成等初级代谢的同时,也会对其次级代谢色素产生影响,且β-胡萝卜素的含量变化与叶绿素以及净光合速率的变化趋势相符合。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下葡萄超微弱发光和光合特性的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以"赤霞珠"(‘Cabernet Sauvignon’)和"梅鹿辄"(‘Merlot’)葡萄品种为试材,采用控水方式进行干旱胁迫,对比分析了干旱胁迫过程中葡萄叶片超微弱发光(UWL)与光合作用的关系。结果表明:在干旱胁迫过程中,葡萄叶片的光合指标均有明显变化,净光合速率(assimilation rate,A)、气孔导度(stomatal conductance,Gs)、蒸腾速率(transportation rate,E)均随胁迫程度的加深呈下降趋势,胞间CO_2浓度(internal CO_2concentration,Ci)呈上升趋势;UWL强度随胁迫程度的加深呈逐渐下降趋势。相关分析表明,UWL强度与净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量呈正相关,与胞间CO_2浓度呈负相关。试验表明,随着干旱胁迫程度加重,UWL强度随光合作用的减弱而降低,二者相关性显著,UWL与光合作用有关。 相似文献
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以1年生科罗拉多蓝杉幼树为试材,对其盆栽进行干旱胁迫处理,共设对照(CK,40%水分)、轻度干旱(H1,30%水分)、中轻度干旱(H2,20%水分)、中度干旱(H3,10%水分)和重度干旱(H4,5%水分)5个处理,4周后测定蓝杉幼树的生理特性,以期为合理规划蓝杉苗圃水分补给及选择栽植地提供科学支持。结果表明:1)干旱胁迫干扰了蓝杉幼树叶片有机渗透物质及相对电导率的平衡,脯氨酸含量降低,可溶性糖含量升高;2)干旱胁迫抑制了蓝杉幼树叶片抗氧化酶活性,过氧化物酶及超氧化物歧化酶活性降低,丙二醛含量升高;3)干旱胁迫抑制了蓝杉幼树光合作用速率,叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量及叶片气体交换速率降低;4)在轻度干旱胁迫(H1)下,蓝杉幼树的生长生理特性相较于CK组并没有受到显著影响,但随着胁迫的加剧,其生理及光合作用特性则明显受到干扰;5)在干旱胁迫的作用下,水分不低于20%是蓝衫幼树能够正常生长的阔值。这说明蓝杉可以在轻度干旱地区进行栽植;其育苗及栽植过程中,应避免过于干旱对其造成有害影响。 相似文献
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NaCl胁迫对番茄叶片光合特性及蔗糖代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了从碳水化合物生产及代谢的角度分析盐胁迫影响番茄产量和果实品质的原因,以番茄品种‘辽园多丽’为试材,研究不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理对番茄光合特性及叶片中糖代谢的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫导致番茄叶片的净光合速率下降,NaCl浓度越大降低得越多;盐胁迫降低了番茄叶片的气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率,降低了番茄叶片的叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量,这种降低与NaCl浓度正相关。NaCl胁迫导致番茄叶片中果糖和葡萄糖大量积累,NaCl浓度越高积累得越多;NaCl胁迫降低了番茄叶片中的蔗糖和淀粉含量;NaCl胁迫后,番茄叶片中的转化酶活性以及蔗糖合成酶活性均有所提高,而且随着盐浓度增加而增大。说明NaCl胁迫破坏了番茄叶片的光合机能,降低了光合作用效率,而且盐浓度越大降低得越多;NaCl改变了番茄叶片中的糖代谢方向,显著增加了淀粉和蔗糖的分解,提高了叶片中的果糖和葡萄糖含量,而且这种影响随着盐浓度增加而增大。 相似文献
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以1年生葡萄幼苗“霞多丽”为材料,在幼苗期对其进行4个水平(5%、10%、15%、20%)的PEG-6000人工模拟干旱胁迫,利用Li-6400便携式光合作用系统测定干旱胁迫下的光合生理指标,研究干旱胁迫下酿酒葡萄幼苗叶片光合参数的变化。结果表明,干旱胁迫会显著影响酿酒葡萄幼苗的水分变化及光合特性。不同胁迫水平下,葡萄幼苗叶片的相对含水量(RWC)随干旱胁迫时间的延长而降低;叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和RuBP羧化酶活性均随着干旱胁迫时间的延长呈先升高后降低趋势,且在同一胁迫时间段内,随着PEG浓度增大,均表现出递减变化趋势;5%、10%PEG处理下,从胁迫开始至结束,葡萄幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、RuBP羧化酶活性均高于对照,表明上述处理对光合作用具有一定的促进作用;15%、20%PEG处理下,前期(0～24 h)葡萄幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci(胞间CO2浓度)、RuBP羧化酶活性均高于对照,但中后期(24～96 h)均远低于对照,表明上述处理对光合作用有一定的抑制作用。本研究结果在一... 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对园林绿化中3种观赏果树生理指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国南方果树》2017,(3)
以3种常见观赏果树苗木:枇杷、樱桃、石榴为材料,正常水分条件为对照,研究3种观赏果树苗木叶片中丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(pro)、可溶性糖(WSS)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、叶绿素生理指标受干旱胁迫影响的动态变化。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,MDA、pro、WSS含量逐渐升高,干旱胁迫第26d(重度干旱)时其含量皆显著高于对照(p0.05)。而POD、SOD及叶绿体含量表现出先增大后减小的规律,在中度干旱(11~16d)胁迫期间达到最大值。经过主成分分析得出,3种苗木抗旱性大小排序为:石榴樱桃枇杷,石榴抗旱性最强。 相似文献
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In order to screen almond genotypes for drought tolerance, three different irrigation levels including moderate and severe stress (Ψs = −1.2 and −1.8 MPa respectively) and a control treatment (Ψs = −0.33 MPa) were applied for five weeks to six different cultivated almond seedlings. A factorial experiment was conducted with a RCBD which included 3 irrigations factors, 6 genotype factors and 3 replications. Seeds were prepared from controlled pollination of the bagged trees (after emasculation and flower isolation using isolator packets in the previous year). Genotypes included: homozygote sweet (Butte), heterozygote sweet (SH12, SH18, SH21 and White) and homozygote Bitter (Bitter Genotype). Leaf and root morphological and physiological traits including; midday relative water content, midday leaf (xylem) water potential, shoot dry weight and growth, total leaf area, leaf size, total leaf dry weight, specific leaf area, leaf greenness (SPAD), stomatal size and density, root and leaf nitrogen content and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured throughout the study. Results showed the six genotypes had different reactions to water stress but all genotypes showed an ability to tolerate the moderate and severe stresses and they showed different degrees of response time to drought stress. Almond seedling leaves could tolerate Ψw between −3 and −4 MPa in short periods. Water availability did not significantly affect stomatal density and size of young almond plants. The analysis of leaf anatomical traits and water relations showed the different strategies for almond genotypes under water stress conditions. Although almond seedlings even in severe stress kept their leaves, they showed a reduction in size to compensate for the stress effects. All genotypes managed to recover from moderate stress so Ψw = −1.2 could be tolerated well by almond seedlings but Ψw = −1.8 limited young plant growth. Leaf greenness, leaf size, shoot growth, shoot DW, TLDW and stomatal density were not good markers for drought resistance in almond seedlings. Root DW/LA, lower stomatal size and lower SLA might be related to drought resistance in cultivated almonds. Butte had the least resistance and White showed better performance during water stress while other genotypes were intermediate. Bitter seedlings showed no superiority in comparison with other genotypes under water stress conditions except for better germination and greater root DW which might make them suitable as rootstocks under irrigation conditions. 相似文献
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以盆栽金光杏梅幼苗为试材,研究了不同程度水分胁迫对金光杏梅叶片叶绿素含量和光合特性的影响。结果表明,随着土壤水分胁迫程度的加重,金光杏梅叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度逐渐下降,而细胞间隙CO2浓度逐渐上升。水分胁迫下,净光合速率的下降是由气孔因素与非气孔因素双重作用造成的,轻度水分胁迫下气孔限制是光合速率下降的主要原因,而严重水分胁迫下非气孔限制是光合速率下降的主要原因。通过回归分析发现,金光杏梅叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和细胞间隙CO2浓度与土壤水分之间,均存在极显著线性关系。 相似文献
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为了明确结果期水分调控对樱桃番茄产量和品质的影响，以千禧和红玉为试验材料，对不同土壤相对含水量（40%～50%、60%～70%、80%～90%）下日光温室冬春茬和秋冬茬樱桃番茄品质、产量和水分利用效率进行研究。结果表明，随着土壤相对含水量降低，樱桃番茄的果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、VC 含量显著提高，水分利用效率也明显提高；但叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量以及单果质量、产量随着土壤相对含水量降低呈现出先增加后降低的变化趋势。通过熵权法和TOPSIS 法相结合，综合分析樱桃番茄品质、产量和水分利用效率各项指标，得出樱桃番茄结果期最佳土壤相对含水量为40%～50%。 相似文献
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不同红光与远红光对盐胁迫下番茄叶绿素合成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以番茄"MoneyMaker"植株为试材,采用营养液水培方法,在盐胁迫下设置不同红光(R)与远红光(FR)处理,T_1(R∶FR=7.4)、T_2(R∶FR=1.2)、T_3(R∶FR=0.8),以正常营养液栽培(R∶FR=7.4)为对照,研究了在盐胁迫条件下不同红光与远红光比值(R∶FR)光环境对番茄生长指标、叶绿素及其前体物质含量和气体交换参数的影响,探讨低R∶FR光环境对盐胁迫下叶绿素合成途径的影响。结果表明:在盐胁迫下,番茄植株的干质量、鲜质量、叶绿素a(Chl a)含量、叶绿素b(Chl b)含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)均显著下降,叶绿素含量下降导致光合能力下降,进一步造成干物质积累减少;在盐胁迫下,降低番茄植株光环境中的R∶FR值,干物质量、气体交换参数和叶绿素含量均显著上升,且在T_3处理下显著高于T_2处理。盐胁迫下番茄叶片中的5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)、胆色素原(PBG)和尿卟啉Ⅲ(UroⅢ)的含量显著升高,而原卟啉Ⅸ(ProtoⅨ)、镁原叶琳Ⅸ(Mg-protoⅨ)和原叶绿素酸酯(Pchl)显著降低。低R∶FR处理降低了ALA、PBG、UroⅢ的积累量,增加了ProtoⅨ、Mg-protoⅨ、Pchl的含量,同时降低了Chl a/b的值,T_2和T_3处理中的差异不明显。表明低R∶FR值光环境通过促进叶绿素合成缓解了番茄受到的盐胁迫,R∶FR值为0.8时效果最佳,盐胁迫下番茄叶绿素合成受阻的起始点在ProtoⅨ的合成过程,低R∶FR值能缓解叶绿素合成受阻碍的程度,R∶FR值为1.2和0.8对叶绿素合成的促进没有显著差异。 相似文献
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Citrus rootstock responses to water stress 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Juan Rodríguez-Gamir Eduardo Primo-MilloJuan B. Forner M. Angeles Forner-Giner 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Tolerance to drought-stress (DS) of the citrus rootstock Forner–Alcaide no. 5 (FA-5) was tested and compared with that of its parents, Cleopatra mandarin (CM) and Poncirus trifoliata (PT). Nine-month-old seedlings of CM, PT and FA-5 and 15-month-old grafted trees of ‘Valencia’ orange scions on these three rootstocks were cultivated in sand under glasshouse conditions and irrigated with a nutrient solution. Plants were drought-stressed by withholding irrigation until leaves were fully wilted. Survival time of both seedlings and grafted trees under DS was linked to the water extraction rate from the soil, which depended mainly on leaf biomass and on transpiration rate. Seedling responses to DS affecting leaf water relationships and gas exchange parameters varied among genotypes. FA-5 seedlings survived longer than the other seedlings, maintaining the highest levels of water potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and net CO2 assimilation towards the end of the experiment, when water stress was most severe. Thus, FA-5 was more resistant to DS than its parents (CM and PT). Moreover, rootstock affected the performance of grafted trees under water stress conditions. The higher drought tolerance induced by FA-5 rootstock could be related to the greater osmotic adjustment (OA), which was reflected by smaller reductions in leaf relative water content (RWC) and in higher turgor potentials and leaf gas exchange than the other rootstocks. 相似文献
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In this study we implemented a potted water supply experiment for 100 days by a completely random sole-factored design with five treatments: 100% (W100), 80% (W80), 60% (W60), 40% (W40) and 20% (W20) of water holding capacity (WHC), corresponding to the soil volumetric water content (SVWC) maintained at 38.8 ± 0.3%, 31.6 ± 1.7%, 25.6 ± 1.3%, 16.5 ± 0.7%, and 8.1 ± 1.1%, respectively. The objective was to evaluate the ability of the 2-month-old Campylotropis polyantha (Franch.) Schindl. seedlings to tolerate drought and to explore the mechanism resisting drought. We monitored the growth process of seedling height and leaf number monthly and further investigated those changes in plant growth, dry mass accumulation and allocation, water-use efficiency (WUE), leaf functional traits, chlorophyll a fluorescence and pigment contents across the water deficit gradient. We found that the seedlings presented optimal growth, dry mass production, and physiological activity only at the W100 and W80 treatments and afterwards significantly decreased with progressive water deficit; the WUE was improved under moderate water stress (W60 and W40) but reduced under severe stress (W20). The serious leaf shedding, growth stopping and seedling death under the W20 condition revealed that the current-year shrub seedlings could not withstand severe drought. Water stress-induced decrease in total plant leaf area due to a combination of limited expansion of younger leaves and shedding of old leaves caused the leaf area ratio reduction under drought. The reduced mesophyll cell was a major anatomical response of leaves along the water stress gradient. The progressive water stress significantly damaged light harvesting complex and reduced photochemical processes and PSII activity. Our results clearly showed that the current-year shrub seedlings took the avoidance and tolerance mechanisms to withstand progressive drought stress and around 25.6% SVWC and around 12.3% SVWC separately are thresholds to limit the optimal growth and dry mass production and to last growing and surviving for the current-year shrub seedlings. 相似文献
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喀斯特地区古茶树幼苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应及其抗旱性综合评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以贵州喀斯特地区10个古茶树扦插苗为材料,采用盆栽控水法研究其对干旱胁迫的生理响应,并筛选出抗旱的种质资源。试验结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的加重,10个古茶树扦插苗的相对含水量、Fv/Fm、气孔开放率和气孔大小均呈下降趋势,而相对电导率、丙二醛含量、H2O2含量与产生速率以及气孔密度呈上升趋势;从10个古茶树扦插苗中选出1个强抗旱材料,5个较强抗旱材料。田间持续干旱试验验证了基于生理指标的隶属函数分析对于古茶树扦插苗筛选的准确性及可靠性。 相似文献
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摘要：为了研究不同灌溉策略在樱桃番茄上的应用效果，以樱桃番茄“凤珠”为供试材料，设置多量
少次灌溉策略和少量多次灌溉策略试验处理，比较分析不同处理樱桃番茄的植株生长、品质以及产量指
标。结果表明：与多量少次灌溉相比较，少量多次灌溉能促进植株生长，茎粗、叶宽、叶片叶绿素相对
含量、平均单果质量分别增加16.4%、13.1%、8.4%、13.3%，果实可溶性固形物、维生素C、番茄红素含
量分别增加6.4%、7.0%、20.6%，667 m2
产量和收入分别增加14.08%和2 486.4元；少量多次灌溉不仅能促
进植株生长，提高果实口感、营养品质和产量，而且能降低肥料淋溶风险，有助于科学指导樱桃番茄种
植。 相似文献
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芸苔素内酯水剂对辣椒幼苗水分胁迫生理的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以辣椒幼苗为试材,采用盆栽控水的方法,研究干旱胁迫下芸苔素内酯(BR)对提高辣椒幼苗抗旱性的效应。结果表明:经过BR和水分胁迫同时处理的辣椒幼苗叶片组织水含量、可溶性糖含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量都较对照高;质膜相对透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量则相反,表明BR能提高辣椒幼苗的抗旱性。 相似文献