共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
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用生态经济型植物控制豚草的"绿色污染" 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
豚草是一种严重危害农业生产、人体健康和生物环境的恶性杂草，是一种典型的“绿色污染”。根据群落演替规律，采用具有生态和经济功能的树种创造不利豚草生长的环境，人为创建多物种和谐共存的植物群落，能降低豚草的种群优势，使单一种群优势转变为良性演替的生态系统。 相似文献
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豚草卷蛾是豚草的重要天敌，它以老熟幼虫在茎杆内越冬，根据调查每株豚草上不足1只豚草卷蛾越冬幼虫，所以冬季保护和增加豚草卷蛾越冬幼虫顺利越冬，是利用豚草卷蛾进行生物防治控制豚草漫延的重要环节。 相似文献
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Gyula Pinke Péter Karácsony Zoltán Botta-Dukát Bálint Czúcz 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(3):621-631
The weed control of sunflower is a great challenge for farmers throughout the World. In Hungary, one of the greatest concerns is the pernicious weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia, which produces allergenic pollen. The main goal of this study was to identify cultural, weed-management and environmental factors determining weed species composition and the abundance of A. artemisiifolia in sunflower fields. Altogether 49 sunflower fields across Hungary were surveyed for their weed flora, and 30 environmental, cultural and weed-management factors were measured. Using a minimal adequate model containing 14 terms, 38 % of the total variation in species data could be explained. Soil Mg and Ca content, preceding crop, temperature, and field size had significant effects on species composition. Most of the herbicides were effective against annual grass species, but no herbicide was universally effective against broad-leaved weeds. Almost all types of weeds were efficiently reduced with mechanical weed control. A relatively high share of the explanatory variables were environmental factors, suggesting that the success of weed management in sunflower fields strongly depends on a complex of edaphic and climatic constraints. The abundance of Ambrosia artemisiifolia was positively correlated with high soil Ca content, lower temperature, the preceding crop being a cereal, and smaller field sizes; while considering herbicides it seemed to be most sensitive to fluorchloridon and propisochlor application. To reduce noxious broad-leaved weed species could require specific herbicide mixtures, and mechanical weed control should also be integrated into weed management. 相似文献
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抚顺西排土场矸石山阴坡随着排矸年限的增加，物种多样性发生变化，物种数由初期的4科5种增至后期14科29种。植被由最初的鹅绒藤＋豚草＋刺蒺藜群落，逐步演变到榆树群落。在阴坡，不同排矸年限的样地，植物群落多样性指数随着排矸时间的延长而增加；物种综合多样性指数、丰富度指数与排矸年限呈显著正相关关系。 相似文献
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乐昌外来植物变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对乐昌市1986—1988、2002—2003、2006—2013年共3次植物资源普查资料对比分析,结果表明乐昌市2006—2013年外来植物种类与1986—1988年相比增加了近40%,且增速有加快的趋势;外来植物种群数量也呈现较快增长,尤其是危害性较大的入侵植物,如空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides）、豚草（Ambrosia artemisiifolia）、毒麦（Lolium temulentum）等。分析认为,乐昌市外来植物种类和数量显著增加的主要原因是：该地交通条件的改善;经贸、旅游活动及引种活动的增加以及气候变化的影响。为降低外来入侵植物对乐昌市的危害,应作出如下应对：一是尽快建立外来入侵植物防御体系;二是开展调查,广泛宣传;三是建立外来物种入侵风险评估系统;四是建立外来物种入侵爆发快速反应系统。 相似文献
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A new chloro-pseudoguaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactone, 11β-hydroxy-13-chloro-11,13-dihydrohymenin (1), was isolated from the Egyptian medicinal plant Ambrosia maritima. The structure was determined by spectroscopic methods, particularly high-resolution 1H, 13C-NMR and 2D 1H–1H and 1H–13C COSY NMR analysis. 相似文献
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Amani Bellahirech Maria L. Incio Steve Woodward Mohamed L. Ben Jama Filomena Nbrega 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(1)
Ambrosia beetles, including Platypus cylindrus, commonly act as vectors of Ophiostomatales. In an investigation of fungi associated with P. cylindrus, several species of Ophiostomatales were identified, including two species of Ophiostoma s. str. These two species were characterized based on comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions including the 5.8S gene of rDNA and β‐tubulin gene. Two distinct clades were discernable in the phylogenetic trees, supported by high bootstrap values. One clade included the species Ophiostoma tsotsi, reported herein for the first time in Tunisia, and the species Ophiostoma quercus. 相似文献
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A three-year aeropalynological study was carried out in the month of August for each of the three years 2005, 2006 and 2007 in the Beijing Olympic Park. A total of 19550 pollen grains were counted (15057 grains in 2005, 2717 in 2006 and 1776 in 2007) for the following taxa: Gramineae, Chenopodiaceae, Humulus L., Artemisia L., Ambrosia L. and Pinus L. The analysis indicated that in the three consecutive years of 2005–2007, airborne pollen types and daily number of pollen in August in the Beijing Olympic Park were closely related to environmental change and vegetation composition. The daily variations of airborne pollen displayed similar patterns in August in each of the three years, which were affected positively by periods of daily sunshine, negatively by daily relative humidity and daily precipitation. Continuously high daily temperatures and stable daily wind speeds seemed to have little effect on the fluctuation of airborne pollen. 相似文献
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Tian Zhenqi Chen Guangmei Zhang Yan Ma Chao Tian Zhenya Gao Xuyuan Chen Hongsong Guo Jianying Zhou Zhongshi 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(3):1233-1244
Low winter temperatures severely stress newly arriving insect species. Adaptive evolutionary changes in cold tolerance can facilitate their establishment in new environments. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a noxious invasive plant, occurs throughout China. Ophraella communa, a biological control agent of A. artemisiifolia, mainly occurs in southern China. However, in 2012, it established populations in Beijing (39.98°N, 115.97°E) following introduction from Laibin (23.62°N, 109.37°E), implying cold adaptation. The mechanisms underlying its rapid evolution of cold tolerance remain unknown. We investigated the levels of cryoprotectants and energy reserves in adult O. communa from two latitudes. In high-latitude insects, we found high trehalose, proline, glycerol, total sugar, and lipid levels; five potential genes (Tret1a, Tret1b, Tret1-2, P5CS, and GST), responsible for regulating cold tolerance and involved in trehalose transport, proline biosynthesis, and glutathione S-transferase activation, were highly expressed. These hybridisation changes could facilitate cold temperature adaptation. We demonstrate the genetic basis underlying rapid adaptation of cold tolerance in O. communa, explaining its extension to higher latitudes. Thus, specialist herbivores can follow host plants by adapting to new temperature environments via rapid genetic evolution.
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Marigolds (Tagetes erecta and T. patula) or sea ambrosia (Ambrosia maritima) as intercropped plants with soybean (Glycine max) cv. Giza 21 infected with Meloidogyne incognita, the root-knot nematode, significantly (P0.05 and 0.01) reduced nematode numbers on soybean as indicated by the percentage reduction of galls, developmental stages and egg masses in roots and juveniles (J2) in soil. Marigolds significantly (P0.05 or 0.01), in most cases, increased plant growth parameters of soybean, but sea ambrosia had an adverse effect on plant growth parameters. Addition of chopped green leaves of sea ambrosia to the soil planted to soybean significantly (P0.05 and/or 0.01) reduced M. incognita reproduction and development. Sea ambrosia also had an adverse effect on soybean plant growth. 相似文献
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The common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a widespread invasive weed species in Europe. In order to estimate the deteriorative effect of native arthropods on the
invasive ragweed the effect of three indigenous aphid species on plant development and pollen production was studied. Common
ragweed plants grown in a greenhouse were artificially infested with five apterous individuals of either Aphis fabae, Brachycaudus helichrysi or Myzus persicae at the 4-leaf stage. Feeding by all three aphid species over a 5-week period significantly reduced plant height, the number
of male inflorescences, the length of racemes, pollen emission and plant dry mass. Brachycaudus helichrysi produced the largest colonies, followed by A. fabae and M. persicae. In a host plant choice test, B. helichrysi showed significant preference for ragweed over sunflower, whereas A. fabae preferred sunflower and M. persicae did not show any preference. In a field experiment, the growth rate of A. fabae on caged ragweed plants was similar to that in the greenhouse, but the final numbers of B. helichrysi and M. persicae after 30 days was ten and seven times lower than under greenhouse conditions, respectively. On exposed field plants, B. helichrysi was more abundant than other species. However, no aphid species affected the height or dry mass of either caged or exposed
plants during a 30-day period. Under controlled conditions aphids effectively hampered development and pollen production of
ragweed, however, under Hungarian field conditions the development of ragweed was much more dynamic, therefore no deleterious
effect of aphid feeding occurred. 相似文献