共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
自从40年代有机氯杀虫剂滴滴涕问世以来，它在防治卫生害虫、保障人类健康方面立I；了汗马功劳，多年来曾是卫生杀虫剂吨位最大的农药中评1。但由于滴滴涕的高残出，卫生害虫又对其产生抗药性，大多数国家已经禁用。为了寻求替代药剂，各国开展了大量研究，取得了重要成果目前用于防治卫生害虫的药剂有拟除虫菊酯类、昆虫生长谢节剂、引诱剂和驱进剂、有机磷类、氮么甲酸酯类和有机氯类等。五拟除虫菊酯类拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，对害虫高效广谱、击倒快、＊渠小；很快在防治卫生害虫上大显身手。目前已批准登记的用于防治卫生’或虫的主要品… 相似文献
2.
自公元前900年中国使用雄磺(砒霜、硫化物)防治庭院害虫以来,人类为了食物和生存,用自己手中的有毒物质同害虫进行了长期的斗争.直到40年代初无机化合物如砷、汞、铜、铅和钡,天然植物产品如烟草、松脂以及除虫菊和鱼藤粉还是重要的害虫防治剂.采用“第二代杀虫剂”包括有机磷酸酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、有机氯类和合成除虫菊酯类,对提高粮食产量作出 相似文献
3.
昆虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的代谢抗性机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂在卫生和农业害虫防治中的广泛应用,昆虫对此类杀虫剂产生抗性的报道越来越多。目前已明确昆虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性机制包括表皮穿透率下降、靶标抗性以及代谢抗性,其中代谢抗性机制较为普遍,而且其与昆虫对多种杀虫剂的交互抗性关系密切。目前,随着基因组、转录组以及蛋白质组学等新技术的发展及应用,昆虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的代谢抗性机制研究也取得了很多新进展。昆虫体内细胞色素P450酶（P450s）、羧酸酯酶（CarE）及谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTs）等重要解毒酶系的改变均与昆虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的代谢抗性有关,其中这3类解毒酶的活性及相关基因表达量的变化是昆虫对此类杀虫剂产生代谢抗性的主要原因。明确昆虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的代谢抗性机制,对合理使用此类杀虫剂及延缓抗药性的产生均具有重要意义。本文在总结拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂代谢路径及相关生物酶研究概况的基础上,综述了近年来有关昆虫对此类杀虫剂代谢抗性机制研究的主要进展。 相似文献
4.
5.
几丁质合成抑制剂在白蚁防治中的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
昆虫生长调节剂是一类新型的第三代杀虫剂,能阻碍或干扰昆虫正常的生长发育,活性高,残毒小,对环境污染少,大量应用于农、林、卫生害虫防治。其中,应用比较广泛的是几丁质合成抑制剂,能阻碍白蚁新表皮的形成,抑制白蚁的蜕皮而致死。目前,几丁质合成抑制剂如氟铃脲、杀铃脲、除虫脲、氟啶脲等已应用于白蚁群体防治,对白蚁有显著的控制作用,是目前砒剂和灭蚁灵较理想的替代物。 相似文献
6.
金世纪 (通用名称 3%啶虫脒 EC)是江苏克胜集团于 2000年成功开发的高效、低毒、低残留新型烟碱类杀虫剂.金世纪的杀虫机理与传统的杀虫剂有所不同.金世纪主要作用于昆虫神经接合部后膜,通过与乙酰胆碱受体结合,使昆虫异常兴奋,全身痉挛、麻痹而死;而拟除虫菊酯类作用于昆虫神经轴突;有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类则是抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶.金世纪不仅内吸性强、杀虫谱广、活性高,而且作用速度快、持效期长,而且对拟除虫菊酯类、有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类产生抗性的害虫亦有效. 相似文献
7.
拟除虫菊酯类农药急性中毒的防治鲁锡荣（中国预防医学科学院劳动卫生与职业病研究所１０００５０）拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂是模拟天然植物除虫菊的有效杀虫成分除虫菊素，经人工合成的一类农药。自１９４９年合成第１个拟除虫菊酯化合物丙烯菊酯以来，已合成了近万种拟除虫菊... 相似文献
8.
天然除虫菊的开发及应用 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
天然除虫菊素对害虫有着击倒快、使用浓度低、杀虫广谱、害虫不产生抗性、对温血动物及人畜低毒、低残留等诸多优点 ,但由于其在光照及空气下不稳定 (易分解 )和资源的短缺 ,其发展逐步陷入低迷状态。自２０世纪２０年代Ｅｌｌｉｏｔｔ．Ｍ博士合成第一个拟除虫菊酯以来 ,３０年代就有大量拟除虫菊酯类化合物面世 ,成为继有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯后的另一大类新农药。拟除虫菊类农药 (主要是杀虫剂 )比起天然除虫菊素有着光稳性优点。但经长期的使用发现害虫对这类农药易产生抗性。由于在自然条件下比较稳定 ,对农产品、环境中的残留问题… 相似文献
9.
10.
拟除虫菊酯对松毛虫赤眼蜂和狭臀瓢虫的毒力测定 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
拟除虫菊酯类农药是七十年代崛起的,由于其用量少、杀虫效果高、对人畜比较安全,很快便应用于农业、卫生、仓库害虫等的防治。八十年代初期,由于有机氯杀虫剂主要品种六六六和DDT等高残留农药停止生产和被禁止使用后,拟除虫菊酯类农药的使用范围进一步扩大。在森林害虫的防治上,已有一些地方用溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯等进行飞机或地面喷雾防治松毛虫,取得满意的防治效果。本所松突圆蚧组曾提出用氯氰菊酯防治松突圆蚧,地面喷雾试验用25ppm的防治效果达92％。 相似文献
11.
Surveys of sheep dipping and spraying during 1965–66 showed that, after the end of 1965, the use of organochlorine formulations decreased greatly, and the use of organophosphorus formulations and formulations containing both organochlorine and organophosphorus compounds increased. The ways in which toxic residues were disposed of, and the hazards, are summarised. 相似文献
12.
Studies of the uptake of dieldrin, lindane, and DDT by isolated rat hepatocytes in Krebs-Henseleit salt solution containing 2.34% bovine serum albumin have shown that the partition equilibrium of these hydrophobic organochlorine compounds is established very rapidly between the hepatocytes and the extracellular medium by reversible uptake and release processes. In the hepatocyte suspension system, these compounds are in dynamic partition equilibrium between the hepatocytes and the Krebs-Henseleit salt solution, and also between the bovine serum albumin molecules and the solution. The respective rate constants for the uptake and release processes were 0.83 and 2.52 × 10?2 sec?1 in a 2-ml suspension containing 106 cells. It has thus been demonstrated that the transport of hydrophobic organochlorine compounds between the hepatocytes and the extracellular medium is a much faster process than the metabolic transformation reaction in hepatocytes. 相似文献
13.
Sediment samples were collected from a subarctic salt marsh on James Bay, Ontario in May 1976. Of 15 organochlorine compounds analyzed, trace amounts mainly of p,p-DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected, but could not be quantitated. 相似文献
14.
R M Prouty W L Reichel L N Locke A A Belisle E Cromartie T E Kaiser T G Lamont B M Mulhern D M Swineford 《Pesticides monitoring journal》1977,11(3):134-137
Eighty-six bald eagles found sick or dead during 1973-74 in 24 States were analyzed for organochlorine compounds. DDE was detected in all caracasses; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were found in all but two. Seventy-five carcasses contained TDE and/or dieldrin. Four eagles had possibly lethal levels of dieldrin in the brain. Bald eagles continue to retain high residue levels of organochlorine pollutants. Illegal shooting remained the most common cause of death but accounted for a smaller percentage of the mortalities than in the two previous biennial collections. 相似文献
15.
Results are presented for the determination of organochlorine insecticide residues in grain, pulses and nuts sampled on arrival in Britain during the 2½ years up to June 1969. BHC was detected in nearly every sample but the general level was low, most samples containing less than 0·1 ppm. DDT was found less frequently. Very few samples contained more than 1 ppm of either insecticide. DDE in trace amounts was found in about 10% of the samples of grain and nuts and TDE was found in one sample of grain. The only other organochlorine compounds detected were aldrin in one sample of pulses and hexachlorobenzene in 7 samples of wheat. 相似文献
16.
Susana Bayarri Pilar Conchello Agustín A. Ario Regina Lzaro Antonio Herrera 《Pest management science》1997,50(2):120-126
The method of analysis employed in an in-vitro study on degradation of organochlorine compounds by meat starter micro-organisms was evaluated using the recommendations made by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recoveries of the organochlorine pesticides α-, β- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene, pp′DDE, dieldrin and the polychlorinated biphenyl PCB 153 from a mixture added to four different liquid media, tryptic soy broth, brain heart infusion, a commercial broth and a mineral salts medium, were determined. Recoveries were between 80 and 110% with all components, irrespective of the medium used, and there were no analytical interferences due to the reagent blank or to the matrix. The repeatability was very good with relative standard deviations in the range 2·5 to 11·1%. The concentration of each component of the mixture was determined by capillary GC analysis of extracts using an electron capture detector. © 1997 SCI. 相似文献
17.
The sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry makes this an attractive technique for the confirmation and quantification of trace levels of pesticide residues. Two applications of mass spectrometry are outlined, that of combined headspace gas chromatography (g.c.)/mass spectrometry (m.s.), for the analysis of volatile fumigants such as ethylene dibromide (EDB) in imported fruits and multi-residue halogenated compounds in bran products, and that of quantitative g.c./m.s. for the determination of a range of organochlorine pesticide residues. The approach to setting-up a capillary g.c. multiple ion monitoring programme is described, with emphasis on quantitative aspects, and in particular the use of stable isotope internal standards. This is illustrated with an example of the quantification of organochlorine pesticide residues in eggs. 相似文献
18.
气相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物样品中17种有机氯农药和8种多氯联苯 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
建立了植物样品中17种有机氯农药和8种多氯联苯单体的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品以 V(丙酮):V(乙酸乙酯)=1:1为溶剂进行提取,采用石墨化炭黑及氨基联合SPE小柱净化,GC-MS/MS测定。25种化合物的平均添加回收率在66.6%~113.1%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.1%~14.1%之间,方法检出限(MDL)在0.03~0.29 ng/g之间。该方法灵敏度高,满足环境调查的需求。对污染区采集的植物样品进行检测,发现被变压器油污染地区的植物体内含有较高质量分数的PCB28和PCB52,最高达108 ng/g,说明多氯联苯能够通过迁移等途径从土壤传递到植物中。 相似文献
19.
Peter Donkin John Widdows Sheila V. Evans Fred J. Staff Tie Yan 《Pest management science》1997,49(2):196-209
The effects of selected neurotoxic pesticides on the feeding rate of marine mussels (Mytilus edulis) were determined. Two organochlorine pesticides, lindane and endrin, two acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting compounds, dichlorvos and carbaryl and two pyrethroids, flucythrinate and permethrin, were studied. No evidence was found for any specific neurotoxic effect of the organochlorines and pyrethroids on feeding efficiency. In contrast, dichlorvos and carbaryl inhibited the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in mussel gills and were more toxic to feeding efficiency than could be explained by a narcotic mechanism of toxicity alone. Dichlorvos also caused clear behavioural changes in the mussels. The significance of these observations for the application of mussels to impact assessment in the marine environment is discussed. © 1997 SCI. 相似文献
20.
Roy Edwards 《Pest management science》1974,5(3):293-304
Retention volumes for polychlorobiphenyls (PCB's) and organochlorine pesticides have been measured on “Florisi”b and silicic acid in various activity states using petroleum spirit eluant. The majority of organochlorine pesticides can be separated from PCB's by column chromatography. The exceptions areheptachlor, aldrin and BHC (apart from the gamma-isomer), and the separation of DDE from PCB's was only achieved with highly active silicic acid. With PCB residues normally found, the separations not secured by column chromatography were obtained by gas chromatography. 相似文献