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1.
宋扬  周维博  李慧 《节水灌溉》2016,(9):124-128
基于泾惠渠灌区30a的气象资料,采用CROPWAT模型分析了泾惠渠灌区作物蒸发蒸腾量及灌溉需水量的变化,并运用SPSS软件,计算了灌区作物需水量与气象因子的相关系数。分析表明:玉米蒸发蒸腾量平均值为524.33mm,蒸发蒸腾量高峰期出现在7月中旬到8月下旬;棉花蒸发蒸腾量平均值为869.13mm,峰值出现时间与玉米一致;灌区玉米在抽雄-开花期灌溉需水量为130.12mm,籽粒形成-乳熟期灌溉需水量为359.32mm,9月下旬以后,灌溉需水量下降;棉花生育期需水量空间分布比较均匀,平均值为869 mm,整个灌区灌溉需水量平均值为453.6mm,棉花苗床期灌溉需水量开始增加,花铃期达到最大值,吐絮期灌溉需水量减小;灌区作物需水量与气温呈正相关,与降水呈负相关,与风速和相对湿度相关性较小,与日照时数相关性较大。  相似文献   

2.
作物节水灌溉需水规律研究   总被引:17,自引:4,他引:17  
基于节水灌溉条件下作物需水量试验资料,分析了控制灌溉和覆膜旱作节水灌溉的水稻需水规律以及节水高效灌溉模式下冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花作物的需水规律。结果表明,节水灌溉模式通过对水稻、冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花等作物产生的生长调控作用与补偿生长效应,使植株蒸腾量和棵间蒸发量较大幅度减少,各阶段需水量、需水强度和需水模系数均发生显著变化,形成了节水灌溉模式的主要农作物新的需水规律。可为节水灌溉制度的制定、节水型灌区动态配水及灌溉预报等提供科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
为了促进江西省灌区技术现代化及灌溉用水管理现代化的发展,为实时灌溉决策提供较为精确和及时的作物需水量预报数据支持,开发了江西省逐日水稻需水量预报与网络发布系统。系统通过关系型数据管理系统MySQL来获取水稻需水量预报模型计算所需的参数及基本信息,分别使用率定了的Hargreaves-Samani(HS)模型、Blaney-Criddle(BC)模型、McCloud(MC)模型和作物系数来预测江西省未来7天26个气象站点的作物腾发量ETc值。用户可登陆网址查询任意站点、任意水稻生长阶段、任意模型预报的ETc数值,页面简洁,易于操作。总体而言,率定后的4种模型均具有较高的预报精度,可用于全省的水稻需水量预报,为灌溉决策和节约灌溉用水提供科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
通过CROPWAT模型分析泾惠渠灌区冬小麦和玉米蒸发蒸腾量及灌溉需水量的变化,同时运用SPSS软件,计算灌区作物需水量与气象因子的相关系数,分析结果表明:冬小麦整个生育期蒸发蒸腾量平均值为634.04 mm,蒸发蒸腾量最高峰出现在4月中旬—5月中旬,灌区各分区蒸发蒸腾量趋势基本一致;玉米蒸发蒸腾量平均值为525.22 mm,蒸发蒸腾量高峰期出现在7月中旬—8月下旬,其中三原最大为535.97 mm,富平最小为514.68 mm;灌区冬小麦在播种—越冬期灌溉需水量最低,返青—拔节期需水量增加;灌区玉米在拔节—抽雄期需水量增加,灌溉平均需水量为133.04 mm;7月—8月为籽粒形成乳熟期,需水量为359.15 mm,至9月下旬,玉米灌溉需水量下降;灌区作物需水量与气温呈正相关,与降水呈负相关,与风速和相对湿度相关性较小,气温、日照时数和相对湿度是影响作物需水量的主要因素.  相似文献   

5.
基于建三江垦区1995—2018年逐日气象数据,采用Penman-Monteith公式结合单作物系数法计算其主要作物水稻、玉米、大豆生育期的需水量,利用去趋势预置白(TFPW)的Mann-Kendall(TFPW-MK)研究3种作物需水量变化特征,并通过重标极差(R/S)分析法预测作物未来需水量变化趋势;借助通径分析法研究6个气象因子与作物需水量的相关性,识别了作物需水量变化的关键影响因子,并分析了关键影响因子变化与作物需水量变化趋势间的关系。结果表明:建三江垦区主要作物水稻、玉米、大豆全生育期需水量存在显著差异,3种作物多年平均需水量分别为484.84、425.91、319.11 mm;影响水稻、玉米和大豆需水量的关键影响因子为平均气温、净辐射和日照时长,对作物需水量有明显增进作用;风速、相对湿度通过与其他因子协同作用对作物需水量有一定限制作用;在1995—2018年时间序列中,水稻和大豆的全生育期作物需水量呈上升趋势,玉米的全生育期需水量呈下降趋势;未来,水稻和大豆全生育期需水量呈上升趋势,玉米全生育期需水量呈降低趋势。研究可为该垦区作物灌溉水量分配和灌溉制度的制定提供决策依据。  相似文献   

6.
风沙区参考作物需水量的计算   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
孙景生  刘祖贵等 《灌溉排水》2002,21(2):17-20,24
根据国内外相关的研究成果,分析选择并确定了适宜于风沙区参考作物需水量(ET0)的计算模式。利用典型风沙区的气象资料,对多年逐旬参考作物需水量及2001年春小麦与春玉米生育时段内逐日参考作物需水量进行了分析计算。结果表明,FAO最新修正的Penman-Moteith公式可较好地用于风沙区参考作物需水量的估算,一般ET0值在年内与年龄间变化较大,最高值发生在6月上旬左右,多年平均为5.82mm/d,最低值发生在1月上旬,多年平均0.43mm/d左右,年内各日ET0值受气象因素的影响变幅很大,因此,精确灌溉应设法提高短期天气预报和灌溉预报的精度。  相似文献   

7.
通过CROPWAT模型分析泾惠渠灌区冬小麦和玉米蒸发蒸腾量及灌溉需水量的变化,同时运用SPSS软件,计算灌区作物需水量与气象因子的相关系数,分析结果表明:冬小麦整个生育期蒸发蒸腾量平均值为634.04 mm,蒸发蒸腾量最高峰出现在4月中旬—5月中旬,灌区各分区蒸发蒸腾量趋势基本一致;玉米蒸发蒸腾量平均值为525.22 mm,蒸发蒸腾量高峰期出现在7月中旬—8月下旬,其中三原最大为535.97 mm,富平最小为514.68 mm;灌区冬小麦在播种—越冬期灌溉需水量最低,返青—拔节期需水量增加;灌区玉米在拔节—抽雄期需水量增加,灌溉平均需水量为133.04 mm;7月—8月为籽粒形成乳熟期,需水量为359.15 mm,至9月下旬,玉米灌溉需水量下降;灌区作物需水量与气温呈正相关,与降水呈负相关,与风速和相对湿度相关性较小,气温、日照时数和相对湿度是影响作物需水量的主要因素.  相似文献   

8.
风沙区参考作物需水量的计算   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
根据国内外相关的研究成果 ,分析选择并确定了适宜于风沙区参考作物需水量 (ET0 )的计算模式。利用典型风沙区的气象资料 ,对多年逐旬参考作物需水量及 2 0 0 1年春小麦与春玉米生育时段内逐日参考作物需水量进行了分析计算。结果表明 ,FAO最新修正的 Penman-Moteith公式可较好地用于风沙区参考作物需水量的估算 ,一般 ET0 值在年内与年际间变化较大 ,最高值发生在 6月上旬左右 ,多年平均为 5 .82 mm/ d,最低值发生在 1月上旬 ,多年平均 0 .43 mm/ d左右 ,年内各日 ET0 值受气象因素的影响变幅很大 ,因此 ,精确灌溉应设法提高短期天气预报和灌溉预报的精度  相似文献   

9.
明确运城市主要粮食作物冬小麦和夏玉米灌溉需水量的时空变化规律,为未来该市灌溉用水的科学配置提供基本参数。基于运城市域内13个气象站点的长期观测资料,利用Penman-Monteith公式确定参考作物蒸散量,结合有效降雨量和作物系数等参数,计算分析了运城市近50 a冬小麦与夏玉米的灌溉需水量及其时空变化特征。结果表明:在研究时段内,冬小麦和夏玉米年灌溉需水量整体均呈现波动式降低的变化趋势,整体降低幅度分别为-0.7和-2.1 mm/(10 a)。冬小麦在4月和5月的灌溉需水量较多,分别为80.5 mm和108.4 mm;夏玉米则为8月份的灌溉需水量最大,约为85.3 mm。冬小麦和夏玉米全生育期的平均灌溉需水量都呈现从东向西逐渐递增的趋势,冬小麦灌溉需水量的变化范围处于283.6~336.8 mm,夏玉米则为165.4~253.9 mm。相关分析结果表明,水汽压差与太阳辐射对运城市冬小麦和夏玉米灌溉需水量的影响较大。运城市冬小麦与夏玉米灌溉需水量在时间上呈波动降低趋势,在空间上则由东向西逐步递增;气温与降水的变化趋势显示运城市的气候正在朝暖湿化方向发展,未来灌溉方案的制定与优化应当予以充...  相似文献   

10.
河南省主粮作物需水量变化趋势与成因分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
河南省是我国粮食主产区,研究河南省主粮作物的灌溉需水变化规律可为水分高效管理和节水增粮提供实践参考。基于河南省18个气象站点1958—2013年逐日气象观测资料,根据FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算参考作物蒸发蒸腾量及冬小麦和夏玉米各生育期需水量,利用时间序列分析法和Arc GIS普通克里金插值法研究需水量时空变化特征,采用通径分析法研究作物需水量的变化成因。结果表明:河南省近56 a来年均参考作物蒸发蒸腾量为807.0 mm/a,日均蒸发蒸腾量为2.2 mm/d,呈波动减少趋势,其中西北和东南地区参考作物蒸发蒸腾量最大,豫西地区的参考作物蒸发蒸腾量跨度较大。冬小麦和夏玉米的净灌溉需水量分别为350~525 mm和243~368 mm,灌溉需求指数随经度和纬度的增加而增大,冬小麦生长对灌溉的依赖程度高于夏玉米。影响河南省主粮作物需水量的气象因子主要为气温、水汽压、日照、最高气温和风速。  相似文献   

11.
作物需水量预报对灌区编制和执行用水计划具有重要作用。以灰色系统理论为基础,建立作物需水量和残差修正序列系统云灰色SCGM(1,1)c模型,通过对模型拟合精度和预报精度的检验,证明满足预报要求,解决了作物需水量数据序列小样本、贫信息的预报问题,为灌区灌溉制度的确定提供了数量指标和理论依据。应用分析表明,该方法用于灌区作物需水预报有效、可行。  相似文献   

12.
作物光合作用对土壤水分有明显的阈值反应。通过土壤水分预报,控制土壤水分较长期处在略多于阈值的范围,有利于提高作物水分生产率。大定额的蓄水灌溉有利于创造下湿上干的土壤水分剖面,可减少土壤蒸发,提高水分有效利用率。 根据作物需水与年内得到降雨的补偿程度进行作物种值区划,称之为作物生态需水区划。根据这一区划进行作物布局,有利于灌溉节水。 根据作物生态需水区划,华北地区可分为四个地带:①双季作物需水补偿带;②双季作物需水基本补偿带;③一季作物需水补偿带;④一季作物需水基本补偿带。  相似文献   

13.
Aiming at the analysis of the regional variation of potato crop irrigation water requirements over the Trás-os-Montes region, data from 106 rainfall stations and eight weather stations were utilized in an irrigation scheduling simulation model to estimate net irrigation water requirements of the potato crop. The simulation model was first validated using a field experiment which allows to derive the required crop data to be used in the simulations. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was estimated using the FAO Penman–Monteith method. The model was applied to all 106 locations, each with a data set spanning a 19-year period. As a result of this application, series of the net irrigation water requirements for a 19-year period were obtained for each location. The resulting 106 point values of the net water requirements of the potato crop have been treated as a regionalized variable. The respective semivariograms have been computed and the kriging method then applied to estimate the spatial distribution of the water requirements in the region. Contour lines of this regionalized variable have been drawn using a GIS system. Results show an estimation error averaging 5% for the entire region.  相似文献   

14.
基于人工神经网络土壤墒情动态预测模型应用研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
快速、准确地测定土壤墒情对作物生长发育及节水灌溉具有重要的意义。在2011-2012年的实测墒情资料的基础上,系统分析了三义寨灌区土壤墒情的时空分布规律;基于人工神经网络(ANN)理论构建了灌区不同埋深条件下土壤墒情的数值预报数学模型,模型计算值与实测值吻合较好,能够准确预测三义寨灌区不同埋深条件下的土壤墒情分布情况,为大型引黄灌区精细化灌溉模式应用提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

15.
南方大型灌区水稻田灌溉制度实时优化方法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】提高南方大型平原自流灌区农业用水效率,发展精准灌溉。【方法】针对江苏省洪金灌区,基于降雨短期预报和水量平衡方程,开展水稻灌溉制度的实时优化研究。【结果】基于7 d短历时天气预报,2017年7月7─13日洪金灌区采用实时优化方法确定的灌溉方案与传统灌溉制度相比,在满足同样灌水要求情况下的灌溉水量减少了32%。【结论】该方法对南方水稻区种植具有普遍指导意义,能够更加精确地安排水稻灌溉制度,提高雨水利用率,优化地区水资源分配。  相似文献   

16.
This paper presents a statistical practical approach to the estimation of irrigation water requirement in the western region of Saudi Arabia. The approach describes the variation in water requirements as a function of regional climatic parameters, types of crop grown and irrigation techniques used. Irrigation water requirements are also calculated, for comparison purposes, by Modified Penman and Blaney-Criddle methods, taking leaching requirements and losses into consideration. It is found that irrigation water requirements for vegetables and perennial crops are close to the values estimated by Blaney-Criddle method, while for fodder and cereal they are close to the values estimated by Modified Penman Method.  相似文献   

17.
节水灌溉的作物需水量试验研究   总被引:28,自引:6,他引:28  
对节水灌溉条件下的冬小麦、夏玉米、棉花和水稻需水量进行试验研究 ,结果表明 ,节水灌溉模式对作物需水量变化产生较大影响。与浅水灌溉模式相比 ,控制灌溉模式的水稻需水量减少 3 4.6% ,覆膜旱作节水模式的水稻需水量减少 3 9.94%。采用节水灌溉模式后 ,冬小麦需水量减少 1 0 %左右 ,夏玉米需水量减少1 3 % ,棉花需水量减少 3 0 %。因此 ,对大田农作物进行高效节水灌溉 ,能在获得高产 (增产 )的前提下 ,较大幅度地减少作物的蒸发蒸腾量 ,其中无效蒸腾量的减少成为主要因素之一  相似文献   

18.
A sensitivity analysis of irrigation water requirements at the regional scale was conducted for the humid southeastern United States. The GIS-based water resources and agricultural permitting and planning system (GWRAPPS), a regional scale, GIS-based, crop water requirement model, was used to simulate the effect of climate, soil, and crop parameters on crop irrigation requirements. The effects of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) methods, available soil water holding capacities (ASWHC), crop coefficients (Kc), and crop root zone depths (z) were quantified for 203 ferneries and 152 potato farms. The irrigation demand exhibited a positive relationship with Kc and z, a negative relationship with ASWHC, and seasonal variations depending on the choice of ETo methods. The average irrigation demand was most sensitive to the choice of Kc with a 10% shift in Kc values resulting in approximately 15% change in irrigation requirements. Most ETo methods performed reasonably well in estimating annual irrigation requirements as compared to the FAO-56 PM method. However, large differences in monthly irrigation estimates were observed due to the effect of the seasonal variability exhibited by the methods. Our results suggested that the selection of ETo method is more critical when modeling irrigation requirements at a shorter temporal scale (daily or monthly) as necessary for many applications, such as daily irrigation scheduling, than at a longer temporal scale (seasonal or annual). The irrigation requirements were more sensitive to z when the resultant timing of irrigation coincided with rainfall events. When compared with the overall average of the irrigation requirements differences, the site-to-site variability was low for Kc values and high for the other variables. In particular, soil properties had considerable average regional differences and variability among sites. Thus, the extrapolation of site-specific sensitivity studies may not be appropriate for the determination of regional responses crop water demand.  相似文献   

19.
Due to the competitive use of available water resources, it has become important to define appropriate strategies for planning and management of irrigated farmland. To achieve effective planning, accurate information is needed for crop water use requirements, irrigation withdrawals, runoff and nitrate leaching as a function of crop, soil type and weather conditions at a regional level. Interfacing crop models with a geographic information system (GIS) extends the capabilities of the crop models to a regional level. The objective of this study was to determine the irrigation requirements, annual runoff and annual nitrate leaching for the most important crops of the Tibagi river basin in the State of Parana, Brazil. The computer tool selected for this study was the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) version 3.5 (98.0) and its associated crop modeling and spatial application system AEGIS/WIN. It was assumed that farms within the same county use similar management practices. To achieve representative estimates of irrigation requirements, the weather data from stations located within each county or the nearest weather station were used. A weighting factor based on the proportion of soil type and crop acreage was applied to determine total annual irrigation withdrawals, annual runoff and nitrate leaching for each county in the river basin. The model predicted outputs, including yield, irrigation requirements, runoff and nitrate leached for different soil types in each county, were analyzed, using spatial analysis methods. This allowed for the display of thematic maps for irrigation requirements, annual runoff and nitrate leaching, and to relate this information with irrigation management and planning. The maximum annual irrigation withdrawal, runoff and nitrate leaching were 22,969 m3 per year, 31,152 m3 per year and 1488 t N per year in the Tibagi river basin. This study showed that crop simulation models linked to GIS can be an effective planning tool to help determine irrigation requirements for river basins and large watersheds.  相似文献   

20.
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