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《植物医生》2019,(2)
马铃薯晚疫病在贵州省锦屏县常年发生为害,往往造成较大经济损失. 2018年4-5月,贵州省马铃薯晚疫病预警与防控工作协作组和黔东南州植保站共同在贵州省锦屏县敦寨镇龙池村开展相关药效试验,评价了5种不同药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果.结果表明,采用10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂、687. 5 g/L氟菌·霜霉威悬浮剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂对马铃薯整株喷雾可有效防控马铃薯晚疫病.推荐施药时间为4月中下旬至田间开始出现马铃薯晚疫病中心病株期间,每隔7～9 d用药一次,连续用药3次.旨在更好地指导广大农户有效防治田间马铃薯晚疫病,以减少病害造成的损失,实现增产增收. 相似文献
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烟草黑胫病是由烟草疫霉引起的一种土传性真菌病害, 对烟叶生产造成严重的危害。为了探究氟噻唑吡乙酮对烟草黑胫病的防治效果, 在室内离体条件下测定其对烟草疫霉菌丝生长、孢子囊形成的抑制作用;并通过室内盆栽和大田试验评价氟噻唑吡乙酮对烟草黑胫病的防治效果及对烟草的安全性。结果表明, 氟噻唑吡乙酮对各个地区烟草疫霉菌丝生长和孢子囊形成的抑制效果均很好, 与其他对照药剂相比, 毒力较高, EC 50分别为0.000 5 mg/L和0.000 4 mg/L。室内盆栽试验结果表明, 10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂4 000倍液对烟草黑胫病的防效为84.33%, 2 000倍液防效则达到了96.00%, 与对照药剂相比有显著差异。田间药效试验结果表明, 10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂2 000、3 000、4 000倍液的防效分别达到了93.82%、90.18%和83.27%, 对照药剂80%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂2 500倍液和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂600倍液防效分别为77.82%和75.27%。此外, 相比于对照药剂, 氟噻唑吡乙酮在株高、有效叶片数、叶长、叶宽和光合速率方面有更好的促进作用。本研究结果表明, 氟噻唑吡乙酮能够有效防治烟草黑胫病, 并在一定程度上可以提高烟草产量和品质。 相似文献
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测定氟噻唑吡乙酮(杜邦增威赢绿)与代森锰锌桶混对黄瓜霜霉病的田间防治效果,试验结果表明,10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD与80%代森锰锌WP桶混对黄瓜霜霉病防效优异,于黄瓜霜霉病发生前,2次施药,10d间隔,防治效果都在99%以上,优于对照药剂68.75%氟菌·霜霉威SC、68%精甲霜·锰锌WG、60%唑醚·代森联WG和47%烯酰·唑嘧菌SC,3次施药,7d间隔的防治效果。推荐防治黄瓜霜霉病,于黄瓜霜霉病发生前,使用杜邦公司10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD 13.3ml/667m2,与80%代森锰锌WP 166.7g/667m2桶混使用,2次施药,10d间隔,可有效防治黄瓜霜霉病。 相似文献
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田间药效试验结果表明,10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂对葡萄霜霉病有很好的防治效果,有效浓度33.3~50mg/kg,用药2次,末次施药后14d对葡萄霜霉病的防效均在89%以上,明显高于250g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂有效浓度166.7mg/kg处理的防效,是防治葡萄灰霉病较为理想药剂,对作物安全。 相似文献
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几种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《植物医生》2019,(1)
马铃薯晚疫病是贵州省都匀市马铃薯生产上常发生的一种毁灭性病害,给马铃薯生产带来巨大的损失,该研究对目前常用于马铃薯晚疫病防控的7种药剂进行田间药效对比试验.结果表明,供试的7种药剂在推荐剂量下施用对马铃薯的生长发育没有产生不良影响,对生产安全,可有效防控马铃薯晚疫病,实现马铃薯的保产增收.其中,1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂100g/667m2、60%霜脲·嘧菌酯水分散粒剂75g/667m2和68.75%氟菌·霜霉威悬浮剂75g/m2处理对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果良好,连续3次施用防效可达70%以上,对马铃薯的增产效果也可达20%以上,可作为防治马铃薯晚疫病的首选药剂. 相似文献
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本研究测定了7种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病的田间防治效果。结果表明,2次药后7d,68. 75%氟吡菌胺·霜霉威悬浮剂和50%氟啶胺悬浮剂防效最好,分别达到81. 02%和80. 24%;其次为60%霜脲·嘧菌酯水分散粒剂防效达75. 26%;防效在60%～70%之间的有60%锰锌·氟吗啉可湿性粉剂、80%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂、10%氰霜唑悬浮剂; 75%代森锰锌水分散粒剂防效相对最低。上述药剂对马铃薯晚疫病均有一定防效,建议在生产上轮换使用,其中代森锰锌为保护性杀菌剂,应在发病前或发病初期使用,其他药剂兼具保护和治疗效果。 相似文献
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马铃薯晚疫病(Phytothora infestans de Bary)是世界马铃薯生产中最具毁灭性的病害,由于马铃薯晚疫病菌的变异性及其能形成稳定遗传的抗药性,开发新型杀菌剂成为防治马铃薯晚疫病的有效措施。近年来,锰锌.氟吗啉50%可湿性粉剂作为新型杀菌剂对卵菌纲真菌的防治效果突出。为验证该药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果,本文在黑龙江省马铃薯主产区内随机选择了3个试验点,并于2008年和2009年连续2年进行了该药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防效研究,结果表明:在各供试处理中,锰锌.氟吗啉50%可湿性粉剂(3次,1 125ga.i./hm2)对马铃薯晚疫病具有很好的防治效果(平均防效>85%),锰锌·氟吗啉50%可湿性粉剂(3次,750ga.i./hm2)和霜脲.锰锌72%可湿性粉剂(3次,1 080ga.i./hm2)的防效相当(平均防效均在80%左右),也表现出对抗晚疫病有较好的防治作用;并且,各供试药剂处理均能提高马铃薯产量,锰锌·氟吗啉50%可湿性粉剂(3次,1 125g a.i./hm2)的增产率最高,2008年平均增产率为19.51%,2009年平均增产率为21.08%。这表明,锰锌·氟吗啉50%可湿性粉剂不仅对马铃薯晚疫病有较好的防治效果,还可以保证马铃薯稳产、增产。 相似文献
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近年来中国马铃薯晚疫病的时空演变特征及防控情况分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为系统全面地了解马铃薯晚疫病在我国的发生演变特征及防控情况,基于2008—2017年国家统计局官方数据、《中国农业统计资料》《全国植保专业统计资料》及全国马铃薯品种分布等数据,对全国及各马铃薯产区晚疫病的发生及防治情况进行综合量化分析。结果表明：马铃薯晚疫病在我国连年发生,年平均发生面积约197.47万hm2,占马铃薯总种植面积的40.66%;晚疫病造成马铃薯年平均产量损失占所有病害所致产量损失的63.54%,远高于其他病害,损失巨大;在我国马铃薯4大产区中,马铃薯晚疫病在北方一作区的年平均发生面积最大,约73.44万hm2,而在西南混作区造成的年平均产量损失最高,约14.29万t;晚疫病发生与马铃薯种植区域的重心在空间上呈现相似的迁移趋势;以费乌瑞它为代表的高感晚疫病品种在全国大面积种植,但近年来部分抗病品种的种植面积正在逐年增加;近年来我国对马铃薯晚疫病的防治面积大幅度提升,但仍太过依赖化学防治,应加大绿色防控技术的推广和应用力度。 相似文献
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William W Kirk Brendan A Niemira Jeffrey M Stein Raymond Hammerschmidt 《Pest management science》1999,55(12):1151-1158
Fungicides were applied as seed-piece treatments to control potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, US8, A2 biotype in controlled environment and field experiments. Efficacy of seed treatments for controlling late blight was examined under three disease development regimes simulated by artifical inoculation; (a) seed-borne infection, (b) transmission of infection resulting from spread during the seed-cutting operation, and (c) infection of foliage by aerial inoculation. Emergence of plants from the seed-borne infection was uniformly low (<40%) in controlled environment and field experiments. In controlled environment experiments some of the plants that emerged from fungicide-treated seed-pieces were infected with late blight. Following exposure of tuber surfaces to P infestans, emergence rates from seed-pieces treated with formulated products that included mancozeb in the formulation were comparable to the untreated and non-inoculated control in controlled environment and field experiments. Plants that emerged from non-inoculated seed-pieces treated with fungicides that contained active ingredients known to be effective against foliar late blight had lower percentage foliar infection after inoculation than the untreated control. Leaves close to the base of the stem had fewer infections than leaves attached at the mid region of the main stem, 14 days after inoculation, in some of the controlled environment studies. In contrast, field experiments conducted under conditions conducive to late blight development showed that none of the seed treatments applied to late blight-free seed-pieces delayed the onset and severity of late blight infection. In potato production areas at risk of early season late blight, seed treatments applied to healthy seed may confer limited protection against late blight between planting and the first scheduled applications of prophylactic foliar fungicides. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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黄土高原马铃薯晚疫病发生发展与气象条件关系的研究—以甘肃定西市为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用1991-2005年马铃薯晚疫病发生地点、面积、发展趋势等资料,结合气象要素观测资料,采用数理统计方法,分析马铃薯晚疫病发生发展及其与气象条件的关系。结果表明:研究区域马铃薯晚疫病历年发病面积比例呈显著上升趋势,发病面积比例以每年3.5437%的速度增加。马铃薯晚疫病发病面积比例与5~10月马铃薯生长季相对湿度、降水量、气温等呈正相关,而与日照时数、平均风速呈负相关。当可控条件一定时,气象条件是马铃薯晚疫病发生发展的主导因素。本文建立了马铃薯晚疫病发病面积比例气候预测模型,为马铃薯晚疫病的积极防治及科学决策提供了依据。 相似文献
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近年我国马铃薯四大产区病虫害发生及防控情况的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为更系统地了解我国马铃薯四大产区病虫害发生情况,通过对2008—2017年《全国植保专业统计资料》进行汇总,本文重点分析我国马铃薯四大产区北方一作区、中原二作区、西南混作区和南方冬作区的晚疫病、早疫病、蚜虫、蛴螬等病虫害发生及防控情况,并对各产区间的相关指标进行比较分析。结果表明:马铃薯四大产区病虫害发生危害情况不同,晚疫病作为马铃薯最主要病害之一,高发于北方一作区和西南混作区,造成年均产量损失分别占各区总损失的42.41%和64.22%,远高于其它病虫害;中原二作区马铃薯病虫害种类繁多,且均对产量造成威胁。在四大产区中,北方一作区年均病虫害发生面积最大,实际产量损失最高,二者均超出该产区种植面积占比。当前,马铃薯四大产区病虫害防控仍太过依赖化学农药,应进一步推进病虫害绿色防控技术的研发和推广,加快病虫害专业化统防统治与绿色防控技术的融合。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A field study at three highland sites near Quito, Ecuador, was conducted to determine whether host-diversity effects on potato late blight would be as important as recently found in studies conducted in temperate areas. We compared three potato mixtures and use of mixtures in combination with different planting densities and two fungicide regimes. Treatment comparisons were made by absolute and relative measures of host-diversity effects and incorporating a truncated area under the disease progress curve as a means of standardizing comparisons across sites. Potato-faba intercrops consisting of only 10% potato provided an estimate of the effects of dilution of susceptible host tissue. Host-diversity effects were very different across study sites, with a large host-diversity effect for reduced disease only at the site most distant from commercial potato production. Planting density had little influence on host-diversity effects or on late blight in single-genotype stands. Fungicide use in combination with potato mixtures enhanced a host-diversity effect for reduced late blight. Potato-faba intercrops produced only a small decrease in potato late blight. Effects of host diversity on yield were variable, with the greatest increase in yield for mixtures treated with fungicides at the site most distant from commercial potato production. The effects of host diversity on late blight severity may be less consistent in the tropical highlands than in the temperate zone, but can contribute to integrated disease management. 相似文献
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影响五倍子水悬浮液对马铃薯晚疫病田间防治效果的主要气象因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将4.0%五倍子水悬浮液喷施田间马铃薯品种Bintje的叶片,于不同处理时间后,剪下叶片带回室内人工接种致病疫霉孢子囊悬浮液,保湿培养后调查各处理的发病情况。结果表明,喷施五倍子水悬浮液后48h内未经历降雨的处理,病情指数仅为7.41,与清水对照相比,防效为92.59%;喷施后96h接种的处理,由于在田间经历了降雨,完全丧失了防效,病情指数达100。室内毒力测定结果显示,0.4%五倍子水悬浮液喷施96h后,对致病疫霉游动孢子释放的抑制率仍在80%以上,在室外避雨不避光条件下五倍子水悬浮液96h内抑菌效果无显著降低,表明日光的影响作用较小。在室内盆栽条件下,通过喷淋水滴模拟田间降雨对药液的冲刷作用。结果表明,冲刷作用可导致五倍子水悬浮液对马铃薯晚疫病的防效显著降低。进一步说明,降雨是导致五倍子水悬浮液对马铃薯晚疫病田间防治效果降低的主要气象因素。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The use of host diversity as a tool for management of potato late blight has not been viewed as promising in the past. But the increasing importance of late blight internationally has brought new consideration to all potential management tools. We studied the effect of host diversity on epidemics of potato late blight in Oregon, where there was little outside inoculum. The experimental system consisted of susceptible potato cv. Red LaSoda and a highly resistant breeding selection, inoculated with local isolates of US-8 Phytophthora infestans. Potatoes were grown in single-genotype plots and also in a mixture of 10 susceptible and 26 resistant potato plants. Half of the plots received inoculation evenly throughout the plot (general inoculation) and half received an equal quantity of inoculum in only one corner of the plot (focal inoculation). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was greater in single genotype stands of susceptible cv. Red LaSoda inoculated throughout the plot than with stands inoculated in one focus. The host-diversity effect on foliar late blight was significant in both years of the investigation; the AUDPC was reduced by an average of 37% in 1997 and 36% in 1998, compared with the mean disease level for the potato genotypes grown separately. Though the evidence for influence of inoculum pattern on host-diversity effects was weak (P = 0.15), in both years there was a trend toward greater host-diversity effects for general inoculation. Statistical significance of host-diversity effects on tuber yield and blight were found only in one of the two years. In that year, tuber yield from both the resistant and susceptible cultivar was increased in mixtures compared with single genotype stands and tuber blight was decreased in mixtures for susceptible cv. Red LaSoda. 相似文献
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为了明确当前市场上具有代表性的11种防治马铃薯晚疫病杀菌剂的适宜施用时期,采用人工接种马铃薯叶片的方法,测定了其中5种药剂在接种晚疫病菌前10 d内不同时间施用的预防效果和其中7种药剂在接种后24 h内不同时间施用的治疗效果。结果显示:在保证良好防治效果的前提下,药剂在病原菌接种前保护性施用的适宜时期比在接种后治疗性施用的适宜时期要长。在测试浓度下,接种前5种供试药剂保持100%防治效果的适宜施用时期为接种前3~10 d;而接种后7种供试药剂保持相同防效的适宜施用时期仅为接种后6~12 h,在生产实际中难以操作。研究结果说明,在田间马铃薯晚疫病的化学防治中,为了取得良好防治效果,每次用药均应在病菌侵入之前采用保护性施用,尽量避免在病菌侵入之后进行治疗性施用。 相似文献