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1.
Y. Merbl A. Sommer O. Chai I. Aroch G. Zimmerman A. Friedman H. Soreq M.H. Shamir 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1775-1781
Background
Idiopathic and acquired epilepsy are common in dogs. Up to 30% of these dogs are refractory to pharmacological treatment. Accumulating experimental evidence indicates that brain immune response and presence of inflammatory mediators decrease the threshold for individual seizures and contribute to epileptogenesis.Hypothesis
Dogs with seizures have higher cerebrospinal interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations compared to dogs with no seizures.Methods
A prospective double blinded study; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum IL‐6, TNF‐α and total protein (TP) concentrations were measured by a blinded investigator for the study group and CSF IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels and TP concentrations were measured in the control group (CG).Animals
Dogs presented with seizures that had enough CSF collected to allow analysis were included in the study group. Twelve apparently healthy, quarantined, stray dogs served as control (CG).Results
Cerebrospinal fluid TNF‐α and IL‐6 concentrations were significantly higher (P = .011, P = .039) in dogs with seizures (0 ± 70.66, 0.65 ± 10.93 pg/mL) compared to the CG (0 ± 19, 0.73 ± 0.55 pg/mL). When assessing cytokine concentrations of specifically the idiopathic epilepsy (IE) dogs compared to the CG, only TNF‐α concentrations (8.66 ± 62, 0 ± 19 pg/mL) were significantly higher (P = .01). CSF TP concentrations were not significantly higher in the study dogs compared to the CG.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Higher TNF‐α and IL‐6 concentration in the CSF of dogs with naturally occurring seizures. The higher supports the hypothesis that inflammatory processes through certain mediators play a role in the pathogenesis of seizures in dogs. 相似文献2.
J.D. Foster S. Sample R. Kohler K. Watson P. Muir L.A. Trepanier 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):905-911
Background
Immune‐mediated polyarthopathy (IMPA) is common in dogs, and is monitored by serial arthrocenteses.Hypothesis/Objectives
Plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and CXCL8 (interleukin‐8) would serve as noninvasive markers of joint inflammation in IMPA.Animals
Nine client‐owned dogs with idiopathic IMPA; 6 healthy controls.Methods
Prospective study. Plasma CRP, IL‐6, and CXCL8 were measured by ELISA at baseline, 2, and 4 weeks during treatment with prednisone at 50 mg/m2/day. Arthrocenteses, the canine brief pain inventory (CBPI), and accelerometry collars were used to assess joint inflammation, lameness, and mobility at all 3 time points.Results
C‐reactive protein concentrations were higher in IMPA dogs (median 91.1 μg/mL, range 76.7–195.0) compared with controls (median <6.3 μg/mL, <6.3–13.7; P = .0035), and were significantly lower at week 2 (10.6 μg/mL, <6.3–48.8) and week 4 (<6.3 μg/mL, <6.3–24.4; P < .001).C‐reactive protein was correlated with median CBPI scores (r = 0.68; P = .0004), joint cellularity (r = 0.49, P = .011), and mobility by accelerometry (r = −0.42, P = .048). Plasma IL‐6 concentrations were also higher in IMPA dogs (median 45.9 pg/mL), compared with controls (median <15.7 pg/mL; P = .0008). IL‐6 was lower in IMPA dogs by week 4 (<15.7 pg/mL; P = .0099), and was modestly correlated with CBPI scores (r = 0.47, P = .023). CXCL8 did not differ significantly between IMPA and healthy dogs.Conclusions
Plasma CRP and IL‐6 might be useful surrogate markers of synovial inflammation and disease activity in dogs with IMPA. 相似文献3.
S.D. Dumusc E.C. Ontsouka M. Schnyder S. Hartnack C. Albrecht R.M. Bruckmaier I.A. Burgener 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1684-1691
Background
Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of pro‐inflammatory prostaglandins and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) is the major source of leukotrienes. Their role in IBD has been demonstrated in humans and animal models, but not in dogs with chronic enteropathies (CCE).Hypothesis
COX‐2 and 5‐LO are upregulated in dogs with CCE.Animals
Fifteen healthy control dogs (HCD), 10 dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and 15 dogs with food‐responsive diarrhea (FRD).Methods
Prospective study. mRNA expression of COX‐2, 5‐LO, IL‐1b, IL‐4, IL‐6, TNF, IL‐10 and TFG‐β was evaluated by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR in duodenal and colonic biopsies before and after treatment.Results
COX‐2 expression in the colon was significantly higher in IBD and FRD before and after treatment (all P < .01). IL‐1b was higher in FRD in the duodenum after treatment (P = .021). TGF‐β expression was significantly higher in the duodenum of HCD compared to FRD/IBD before treatment (both P < .001) and IBD after treatment (P = .012). There were no significant differences among groups and within groups before and after treatment for IL‐4, IL‐6, TNF, and IL‐10. There was a significant correlation between COX‐2 and IL‐1b in duodenum and colon before treatment in FRD and IBD, whereas 5‐LO correlated better with IL‐6 and TNF. IL‐10 and TGF‐β usually were correlated.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
COX‐2 is upregulated in IBD and FRD, whereas IL‐1b and TGF‐β seem to be important pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, respectively. The use of dual COX/5‐LO inhibitors could be an interesting alternative in the treatment of CCE. 相似文献4.
K.‐D. Cho J. Paek J.‐H. Kang D. Chang K.‐J. Na M.‐P. Yang 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):429-436
Background
An excess of intra‐abdominal fat is observed frequently in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Adipokine dysregulation is a possible cause of complications related to visceral obesity, but little information is available on adipokine in dogs with naturally occurring HAC.Objectives
To examine the differences in the circulating adipokines concentrations in overweight dogs with and without pituitary‐dependent HAC (PDH).Animals
Thirty healthy dogs and 15 client‐owned dogs with PDH.Methods
Case–controlled observational study, which enrolled 15 overweight dogs diagnosed with PDH and 30 otherwise healthy dogs of similar body condition score. Nine of 15 dogs with PDH were treated with low‐dose trilostane twice daily and reassessed after treatment.Results
The serum leptin (P < .0001) and insulin (P < .0001) concentrations were significantly higher in the PDH group (leptin, 22.8 ± 8.8 [mean ± SD]; insulin, 9.1 ± 6.1) than the healthy group (leptin, 4.9 ± 3.7; insulin, 1.9 ± 0.9). However, there were no significant differences in the adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐18 levels between the 2 groups. In the PDH group, the serum cortisol concentrations had a linear association with the leptin concentrations, and there were significant decreases in the leptin (P = .0039) and insulin (P = .0039) levels after trilostane treatment. However, the leptin and insulin levels remained higher after trilostane treatment than in healthy control dogs with similar body condition score.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Hypercortisolemia in dogs with PDH might upregulate the circulating leptin levels. However, a large population‐based study will be necessary to determine whether the upregulation of leptin is involved directly with the complications caused by HAC. 相似文献5.
M. Campos R. Ducatelle H.S. Kooistra G. Rutteman L. Duchateau I. Polis S. Daminet 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):564-570
Background
Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine tumor in the dog. Local invasive growth frequently precludes surgical excision and, in up to 38% of dogs, the tumor has already metastasized by the time of diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to investigate new treatment modalities that may be useful for the large number of dogs with inoperable tumors or metastatic disease.Hypothesis/Objectives
To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of potential therapeutic targets in canine thyroid tumors.Animals
74 dogs with thyroid neoplasia.Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p53, cycloxygenase‐2 (cox‐2), and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp).Results
Fifty‐four (73%) tumors were classified as follicular cell thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and 20 (27%) as medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). Eighty percent of FTCs and all MTCs had a high percentage (76–100%) of neoplastic cells immunopositive for VEGF. Thirteen percent of FTCs and 50% of MTCs expressed cox‐2. Seven percent of FTCs and 70% of MTCs expressed P‐gp. No tumor was immunopositive for p53 expression. Expression of VEGF (P = .034), cox‐2 (P = .013), and P‐gp (P < .001) was significantly higher in MTCs compared to FTCs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
VEGF is a potential therapeutic target in both FTC and MTC in dogs. Cox‐2 and P‐gp may be useful molecular targets in canine MTC. 相似文献6.
P. Martin‐Vaquero R.C. da Costa S.A. Moore A.C. Gross T.D. Eubank 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1268-1274
Background
Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of human cervical spondylotic myelopathy and could also play a role in cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) in dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
That cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine concentrations would differ between clinically normal (control) and CSM‐affected Great Danes (GDs), with affected GDs showing higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1/chemokine ligand 2 (MCP‐1/CCL2).Animals
Client‐owned GDs: 15 control, 15 CSM‐affected.Methods
Prospective study. Dogs underwent cervical vertebral column magnetic resonance imaging and collection of CSF from the cerebellomedullary cistern. Cytokine concentrations were measured using a commercially available canine multiplex immunoassay. Cytokine concentrations were compared between groups. Associations with the administration of anti‐inflammatory medications, disease duration and severity, severity of spinal cord (SC) compression, and SC signal changes were investigated in affected GDs.Results
Affected GDs had significantly lower MCP‐1/CCL2 (mean 138.03 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 114.85–161.20) than control GDs (212.89 pg/mL, 95% CI = 165.68–260.11, P = .028). In affected GDs, MCP‐1/CCL2 concentrations correlated inversely with the severity of SC compression. There were no associations with administration of anti‐inflammatory medications, disease duration, or disease severity. IL‐6 concentrations were significantly higher (2.20 pg/mL, 95% CI = 1.92–2.47, P < .001) in GDs with SC signal changes.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Lower MCP‐1/CCL2 in CSM‐affected GDs might compromise clearance of axonal and myelin debris, delay axon regeneration, and affect recovery. Higher IL‐6 in CSM‐affected GDs with SC signal changes suggests more severe inflammation in this group. 相似文献7.
A.N.K. Floras M.K. Holowaychuk D. Bienzle A.M.E. Bersenas S. Sharif T. Harvey S.K. Nordone G.A. Wood 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1447-1453
Background
Serum N‐terminal pro‐C‐natriuretic peptide (NT‐proCNP) concentration at hospital admission has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to differentiate naturally occurring sepsis from nonseptic systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). However, little is known about serum NT‐proCNP concentrations in dogs during the course of sepsis.Objective
To determine serum NT‐proCNP and cytokine kinetics in dogs with endotoxemia, a model of canine sepsis.Samples
Eighty canine serum samples.Methods
Eight healthy adult Beagles were randomized to receive Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 μg/kg) or placebo (0.9% NaCl) as a single IV dose in a randomized crossover study. Serum collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours was stored at −80°C for batch analysis. Serum NT‐proCNP was measured by ELISA and 13 cytokines and chemokines by multiplex magnetic bead‐based assay.Results
Serum NT‐proCNP concentrations did not differ significantly between LPS‐ and placebo‐treated dogs at any time. When comparing serum cytokine concentrations, LPS‐treated dogs had higher interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐10, TNF‐α and KC‐like at 1, 2, and 4 hours; higher CCL2 at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours; and higher IL‐8 and CXCL10 at 4 hours compared to placebo‐treated dogs. There were no differences in serum GM‐CSF, IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐7, IL‐15 or IL‐18 between LPS‐ and placebo‐treated dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Serum NT‐proCNP concentration does not change significantly in response to LPS administration in healthy dogs. Certain serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations are significantly increased within 1–4 hours after LPS administration and warrant further investigation as tools for the detection and management of sepsis in dogs. 相似文献8.
P. Pazzi A. Goddard A.T. Kristensen E. Dvir 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):21-29
Background
Canine spirocercosis is caused by the nematode Spirocerca lupi and is characterized by esophageal fibro‐inflammatory nodules that may undergo neoplastic transformation. No sensitive and specific laboratory assays other than histopathology have been reported to differentiate non‐neoplastic from neoplastic disease.Hypothesis/Objectives
Dogs with spirocercosis will have evidence of hypercoagulability based on thromboelastography (TEG)‐derived maximal amplitude (MA); increased MA will be correlated with increased acute phase protein (APP) concentrations (C‐reactive protein [CRP] and fibrinogen); increased MA and APPs will be exacerbated with neoplastic spirocercosis.Animals
Thirty‐nine client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring spirocercosis and 15 sex‐matched healthy controls.Methods
A prospective comparative study evaluating TEG, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin (AT) activity, platelet count and D‐dimer concentration, and APPs of dogs with non‐neoplastic (n = 24) and neoplastic (n = 15) spirocercosis compared to control dogs.Results
Median MA was significantly increased in the non‐neoplastic group (P < .01) and neoplastic group (P < .01) compared to the controls. Both APPs were significantly increased in the neoplastic group compared to the non‐neoplastic and control groups. MA was strongly correlated with fibrinogen (r = 0.85, P < .001) and CRP (r = 0.73, P < .001). An MA >76 mm provided 96% specificity and 73% sensitivity for differentiation of disease state.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Canine spirocercosis is associated with increased TEG variables, MA and α, and decreased AT activity, which may indicate a hypercoagulable state seemingly more severe with neoplastic transformation. MA was correlated with APP in dogs with spirocercosis and can be used as an adjunctive test to support the suspicion of neoplastic transformation. 相似文献9.
C. Damoiseaux A.‐C. Merveille E. Krafft A.M. Da Costa S. Gomart P. Jespers C. Michaux C. Clercx C. Verhoeven K. Mc Entee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1738-1745
Background
In humans, a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a favorable cardiovascular risk profile whereas, in patients with heart failure (HF), a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a less favorable prognosis.Hypothesis/Objectives
To evaluate the physiological determinants of plasma adiponectin concentration in dogs and the influence of heart disease, myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Animals
One hundred and fourteen client‐owned dogs and 9 Beagles from the research colony of the Clinical Veterinary Unit of the University of Liège.Methods
We prospectively measured circulating adiponectin concentration in healthy control dogs (n = 77), dogs with MMVD (n = 22) and dogs with DCM (n = 15) of various degrees of severity. Diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler echocardiography. Plasma adiponectin concentration was measured by a canine‐specific sandwich ELISA kit.Results
An analysis of covariance showed an association between adiponectin concentration and age, neuter status, and heart disease. No association between adiponectin concentration and class of HF, sex, body condition score, body weight, circadian rhythm, or feeding was found. Plasma adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with age (P = .001). Adiponectin was lower in neutered (P = .008) compared to intact dogs. Circulating adiponectin concentration was increased in dogs with DCM compared to healthy dogs (P = .018) and to dogs with MMVD (P = .014).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Age and neutering negatively influence circulating adiponectin concentration. Plasma adiponectin concentration increased in dogs with DCM. Additional research is required to investigate if this hormone is implicated in the pathophysiology of DCM and associated with clinical outcome. 相似文献10.
A.C. Freeman S.R. Platt M. Kent E. Huguet C. Rusbridge S. Holmes 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1551-1559
Background
Although Chiari‐like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) have been described in many small breed dogs, the prevalence and clinical manifestations of this complex have not been documented in a large cohort of American Brussels Griffon (ABG) dogs.Objectives
To characterize the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of CM and SM in the ABG breed.Animals
Eighty‐four American Kennel Club registered ABG dogs were recruited.Methods
Prospective study. Complete histories and neurologic examinations were obtained before MRI. Images were blindly reviewed and calculations were made by using OsiriX. All analyses were performed by Student''s t‐test, Spearman''s correlation, ANOVA, and chi‐square test where appropriate.Results
Chiari‐like malformation and SM were present in 65% and 52% of dogs, respectively. Twenty‐eight percent of dogs had neurologic deficits and 20% had neck pain. Mean central canal (CC) transverse height was 2.5 mm with a mean length of 3.6 cervical vertebrae. Neurologic deficits were significantly associated with a larger syrinx (P = .04, P = .08) and syrinx size increased with age (P = .027). SM was associated with a smaller craniocervical junction (CCJ) height (P = .04) and larger ventricles (P = .0001; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Syringomyelia and CM are prevalent in American Brussels Griffon dogs. Syrinx size is associated with neurologic deficits, CM, larger ventricles, a smaller craniocervical junction height, neurologic deficits, and cerebellar herniation. Fifty‐two percent of dogs with a SM were clinically normal. 相似文献11.
T.A. Burns M.R. Watts P.S. Weber L.J. McCutcheon R.J. Geor J.K. Belknap 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1280-1288
Background
In EMS‐associated laminitis, laminar failure may occur in response to energy failure related to insulin resistance (IR) or to the effect of hyperinsulinemia on laminar tissue. 5′‐Adenosine‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a marker of tissue energy deprivation, which may occur in IR.Hypothesis/Objectives
To characterize tissue AMPK regulation in ponies subjected to a dietary carbohydrate (CHO) challenge.Animals
Twenty‐two mixed‐breed ponies.Methods
Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting for total AMPK and phospho(P)‐AMPK and RT‐qPCR for AMPK‐responsive genes were performed on laminar, liver, and skeletal muscle samples collected after a 7‐day feeding protocol in which ponies stratified on body condition score (BCS; obese or lean) were fed either a low‐CHO diet (ESC + starch, approximately 7% DM; n = 5 obese, 5 lean) or a high‐CHO diet (ESC + starch, approximately 42% DM; n = 6 obese, 6 lean).Results
5′‐Adenosine‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase was immunolocalized to laminar keratinocytes, dermal constituents, and hepatocytes. A high‐CHO diet resulted in significantly decreased laminar [P‐AMPK] in lean ponies (P = .03), but no changes in skeletal muscle (lean, P = .33; obese, P = .43) or liver (lean, P = .84; obese, P = .13) [P‐AMPK]. An inverse correlation existed between [blood glucose] and laminar [P‐AMPK] in obese ponies on a high‐CHO diet.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Laminar tissue exhibited a normal response to a high‐CHO diet (decreased [P‐AMPK]), whereas this response was not observed in liver and skeletal muscle in both lean (skeletal muscle, P = .33; liver, P = .84) and obese (skeletal muscle, P = .43; liver, P = .13) ponies. 相似文献12.
13.
M. Campos R. Ducatelle G. Rutteman H.S. Kooistra L. Duchateau H. de Rooster K. Peremans S. Daminet 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1805-1813
Background
Prognostic markers for dogs with thyroid tumors are limited.Hypothesis/Objectives
To identify clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical prognostic factors for dogs with thyroid tumors.Animals
Seventy dogs with thyroid neoplasia.Methods
Retrospective study. Dogs with thyroid neoplasia were included when follow‐up information and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor samples were available. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, Ki‐67, and E‐cadherin. Correlation of tumor variables (diameter, volume, localization, scintigraphic uptake, thyroid function, IHC) with local invasiveness and metastatic disease was performed on all tumor samples. Forty‐four dogs treated by thyroidectomy were included in a survival analysis.Results
Fifty dogs (71%) had differentiated follicular cell thyroid carcinoma (dFTC) and 20 (29%) had medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). At diagnosis, tumor diameter (P = .007; P = .038), tumor volume (P = .020), tumor fixation (P = .002), ectopic location (P = .002), follicular cell origin (P = .044), and Ki‐67 (P = .038) were positively associated with local invasiveness; tumor diameter (P = .002), tumor volume (P = .023), and bilateral location (P = .012) were positively associated with presence of distant metastases. Forty‐four dogs (28 dFTC, 16 MTC; stage I–III) underwent thyroidectomy. Outcome was comparable between dogs with dFTC and MTC. Macroscopic (P = .007) and histologic (P = .046) vascular invasion were independent negative predictors for disease‐free survival. Although time to presentation, histologic vascular invasion and Ki‐67 were negatively associated with time to metastases, and time to presentation was negatively associated with time to recurrence, no independent predictors were found. E‐cadherin expression was not associated with outcome.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Prognostic factors have been identified that provide relevant information for owners and clinicians. 相似文献14.
R. Suzuki H. Matsumoto T. Teshima Y. Mochizuki H. Koyama 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):386-392
Background
Systolic dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. However, assessment of systolic variables by conventional echocardiographic methods is difficult in these dogs because of mitral regurgitation (MR).Hypothesis
We hypothesized that assessment of systolic function by dobutamine stress may identify systolic dysfunction in dogs with MR, and that 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) could quantitatively evaluate myocardial function.Animals
Anesthetized dogs with experimentally induced MR.Methods
Dogs were examined for systolic myocardial deformations using 2D‐STE during dobutamine infusion before and 3 and 6 months after MR induction. We evaluated peak systolic rotation and rotation rate in each basal and apical view; peak systolic torsion and torsion rate were also calculated.Results
Invasive peak positive first derivatives of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt) were significantly decreased in dogs 6 months after induction of MR compared with pre‐MR results. After 3 and 6 months of MR, dogs had diminished peak systolic torsion values and torsion rates in response to dobutamine infusion compared with pre‐MR results (3 months, P < .001 and P = .006; 6 months, P = .003 and P = .021). These results were significantly correlated with overall invasive dp/dt (r = 0.644, P < .001; r = 0.696, P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Decreased torsion during dobutamine infusion in dogs with MR may reflect latent systolic dysfunction. Dobutamine infusion, therefore, may be useful for the assessment of systolic function in dogs with MR. 相似文献15.
K.S. Woods A.M.N. Defarges A.C.G. Abrams‐Ogg L. Viel B.A. Brisson D. Bienzle 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1398-1404
Background
Different aspiration techniques to retrieve bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) affect sample quality in healthy dogs. Studies evaluating these techniques in dogs with respiratory disease are lacking.Objectives
To compare sample quality of BALF acquired by manual aspiration (MA) and suction pump aspiration (SPA).Animals
Eighteen client‐owned dogs with respiratory disease.Methods
Randomized, blinded prospective clinical trial. Manual aspiration was performed with a 35‐mL syringe attached directly to the bronchoscope biopsy channel and SPA was performed with a maximum of 50 mmHg negative pressure applied to the bronchoscope suction valve using the suction trap connection. Both aspiration techniques were performed in each dog on contralateral lung lobes, utilizing 2 mL/kg lavage volumes per site. Samples of BALF were analyzed by percentage of retrieved infusate, total nucleated cell count (TNCC), differential cell count, semiquantitative assessment of slide quality, and diagnosis score. Data were compared by paired Student''s t‐test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, chi‐squared test, and ANOVA. Cohen''s kappa coefficient was used to assess agreement.Results
The percentage of retrieved BALF (P = .001) was significantly higher for SPA than MA. Substantial agreement was found between cytologic classification of BALF obtained with MA and SPA (kappa = 0.615). There was no significant difference in rate of definitive diagnosis achieved with cytologic assessment between techniques (P = .78).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Suction pump aspiration, compared to MA, improved BALF retrieval, but did not significantly affect the rate of diagnostic success of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in dogs with pulmonary disease. 相似文献16.
J. Armstrong R.C. da Costa P. Martin‐Vaquero 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1799-1804
Background
Great Danes (GDs) with osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) have osteoarthritis (OA) of the cervical vertebrae. OA is often associated with increases in bone mineral density (BMD) in people and dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To compare the trabecular BMD of the cervical vertebrae between clinically normal (control) GDs and GDs with osseous‐associated CSM by using computed tomography (CT). We hypothesized that the vertebral trabecular BMD of CSM‐affected GDs would be higher than that of control GDs.Animals
Client‐owned GDs: 12 controls, 10 CSM affected.Methods
Prospective study. CT of the cervical vertebral column was obtained alongside a calibration phantom. By placing a circular region of interest at the articular process joints, vertebral body, pedicles, and within each rod of the calibration phantom, trabecular BMD was measured in Hounsfield units, which were converted to diphosphate equivalent densities. Trabecular BMD measurements were compared between CSM‐affected and control dogs, and between males and females within the control group.Results
Differences between CSM‐affected and control dogs were not significant for the articular processes (mean = −39; P = .37; 95% CI: −102 to 24), vertebral bodies (mean = −62; P = .08; 95% CI: −129 to 6), or pedicles (mean = −36; P = .51; 95% CI: −105 to 33). Differences between female and male were not significant.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study revealed no difference in BMD between control and CSM‐affected GDs. Based on our findings no association was detected between cervical OA and BMD in GDs with CSM. 相似文献17.
H. Yamazaki S. Takagi N. Oh Y. Hoshino K. Hosoya M. Okumura 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):204-210
Background
Definitive diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in dogs is relatively difficult by conventional histopathological examination because objective features of HS are not well defined.Hypothesis
Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of selected cellular surface antigens (SAs) specific to HS in dogs can facilitate objective and rapid diagnosis.Animals
Dogs with HS (n = 30) and dogs without HS (n = 36), including those with other forms of lymphoma (n = 4), inflammatory diseases (n = 6), and other malignant neoplasias (n = 26).Methods
Retrospective clinical observational study. Specimens were collected by excisional biopsy, needle core biopsy, or fine needle aspiration. To determine HS detection efficacy, mRNA expression levels of selected SAs specific to HS in dogs, including MHC class IIα, CD11b, CD11c, and CD86, were quantitatively analyzed using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results
Each SA mRNA expression level was significantly higher in HS dogs than in non‐HS dogs (P = .0082). Cutoff values for discriminating between HS and non‐HS dogs based on these expression levels were calculated on the basis of receiver‐operating characteristic analysis. Accuracy of the cutoff values, including MHC class IIα, CD11b, CD11c, and CD86, was 87.9, 86.4, 86.4, and 84.8%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Our results suggest that quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of the selected SAs could be an adjunctive diagnostic technique with high diagnostic accuracy for HS in dogs. Substantial investigation is required for exclusion of diseases with similar cell types of origin to lymphoma. 相似文献18.
A.B. Saunders S.G. Gordon M.M. Boggess M.W. Miller 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):401-410
Background
Published information regarding survival and long‐term cardiac remodeling after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure in dogs is limited.Objectives
To report outcome and identify prognostic variables in dogs with PDA, and to identify risk factors for persistent remodeling in dogs with a minimum of 12 months of follow‐up after closure.Animals
Five hundred and twenty client‐owned dogs.Methods
Retrospective review of medical records of 520 dogs with PDA. Outcome was determined by contacting owners and veterinarians. Dogs with PDA closure and ≥ 12 months of follow‐up were asked to return for a re‐evaluation.Results
In multivariable analysis of 506 dogs not euthanized at the time of diagnosis, not having a PDA closure procedure negatively affected survival (HzR = 16.9, P < .001). In 444 dogs undergoing successful PDA closure, clinical signs at presentation (HzR = 17, P = .02), concurrent congenital heart disease (HD) (HzR = 4.8, P = .038), and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) documented within 24 hours of closure (HzR = 4.5, P = .028) negatively affected survival. Seventy‐one dogs with ≥ 12 months follow‐up demonstrated a significant reduction in radiographic and echocardiographic measures of heart size (P = 0) and increased incidence of acquired HD (P = .001) at re‐evaluation. Dogs with increased left ventricular size and low fractional shortening at baseline were more likely to have persistent remodeling at re‐evaluation.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Patent ductus arteriosus closure confers important survival benefits and results in long‐term reverse remodeling in most dogs. Clinical signs at presentation, concurrent congenital HD, and severe MR negatively affect survival. Increased left ventricular systolic dimensions and systolic dysfunction at baseline correlated significantly with persistent remodeling. 相似文献19.
S.E. Cremer G.E. Singletary L.H. Olsen K. Wallace J. Hggstrm I. Ljungvall K. Hglund C.A. Reynolds N. Pizzinat M.A. Oyama 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1534-1540
Hypothesis/Objectives
Altered serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) signaling is postulated in development and progression of canine myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Little is known regarding platelet, plasma, valvular, or myocardial 5HT concentration ([5HT]) in affected dogs. We quantified [5HT] in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), platelet‐poor plasma (PPP), mitral valve leaflets (MV), and left ventricular myocardium (LV).Animals
Forty‐five dogs comprised 4 plasma groups of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) or non‐CKCS, either healthy (CON) or MMVD affected: CKCS CON (n = 12); non‐CKCS CON (n = 8); CKCS MMVD (n = 14); non‐CKCS MMVD (n = 11). Twenty‐four dogs comprised 3 tissue groups: MMVD (n = 8); other‐HD (heart disease) (n = 7); non‐HD, extracardiac disease (n = 9).Methods
High‐performance liquid chromatography measured PRP, PPP, MV, and LV [5HT].Results
Platelet‐rich plasma platelet [5HT] was greater in CKCS CON (1.83 femtograms/platelet [fg/plt]; range, 0.20–4.76; P = .002), CKCS MMVD (1.58 fg/plt; range, 0.70–4.03; P = .005), and non‐CKCS MMVD (1.72 fg/plt; range, 0.85–4.44; P = .003) versus non‐CKCS CON (0.92 fg/plt; range, 0.63–1.30). There was no group difference in PPP [5HT]. MV [5HT] was significantly higher in MMVD (32.4 ng/mg; range, 8.4–106.7) versus non‐HD (3.6 ng/mg; range, 0–28.3; P = .01) and LV [5HT] was significantly higher in MMVD (11.9 ng/mg; range, 4.0–104.8) versus other‐HD (0.9 ng/mg; range, 0–10.1; P = .011) and non‐HD (2.5 ng/mg; range, 0–6.9; P = .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Platelet [5HT] was highest in healthy CKCS and both MMVD groups, but plasma [5HT] showed no group differences. Tissue [5HT] was highest in MV and LV of MMVD‐affected dogs, suggesting altered 5HT signaling as a potential feature of MMVD. Interactions of platelet, valvular, and myocardial 5HT signaling warrant further investigation. 相似文献20.
F.R. Bertin J.M. Squires J.E. Kritchevsky S.D. Taylor 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):368-374