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1.
M.S. Tivers A.K. House K.C. Smith C.P.D. Wheeler‐Jones V.J. Lipscomb 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1424-1432
Background
Dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) have hypoplasia of the intrahepatic portal veins. Surgical CPSS attenuation results in the development of the intrahepatic portal vasculature, the precise mechanism for which is unknown, although new vessel formation by angiogenesis is suspected.Hypothesis
That the degree of portal vascular development and the increase in portal vascularization after CPSS attenuation is significantly associated with hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) gene expression and serum VEGF concentration.Animals
Client‐owned dogs with CPSS undergoing surgical treatment. Forty‐nine dogs were included in the gene expression data and 35 in the serum VEGF data.Materials and Methods
Dogs surgically treated by partial or complete CPSS attenuation were prospectively recruited. Relative gene expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 was measured in liver biopsy samples taken at initial and follow‐up surgery using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum VEGF concentration was measured before and after CPSS attenuation using a canine specific ELISA. Statistical significance was set at the 5% level (P ≤ .05).Results
There was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of VEGFR2 after partial attenuation (P = .006). Dogs that could tolerate complete attenuation had significantly greater VEGFR2 mRNA expression than those that only tolerated partial attenuation (P = .037). Serum VEGF concentration was significantly increased at 24 (P < .001) and 48 (P = .003) hours after attenuation.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
These findings suggest that intrahepatic angiogenesis is likely to occur after the surgical attenuation of CPSS in dogs, and contributes to the development of the intrahepatic vasculature postoperatively. 相似文献2.
H. Yamazaki S. Takagi N. Oh Y. Hoshino K. Hosoya M. Okumura 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):204-210
Background
Definitive diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in dogs is relatively difficult by conventional histopathological examination because objective features of HS are not well defined.Hypothesis
Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of selected cellular surface antigens (SAs) specific to HS in dogs can facilitate objective and rapid diagnosis.Animals
Dogs with HS (n = 30) and dogs without HS (n = 36), including those with other forms of lymphoma (n = 4), inflammatory diseases (n = 6), and other malignant neoplasias (n = 26).Methods
Retrospective clinical observational study. Specimens were collected by excisional biopsy, needle core biopsy, or fine needle aspiration. To determine HS detection efficacy, mRNA expression levels of selected SAs specific to HS in dogs, including MHC class IIα, CD11b, CD11c, and CD86, were quantitatively analyzed using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results
Each SA mRNA expression level was significantly higher in HS dogs than in non‐HS dogs (P = .0082). Cutoff values for discriminating between HS and non‐HS dogs based on these expression levels were calculated on the basis of receiver‐operating characteristic analysis. Accuracy of the cutoff values, including MHC class IIα, CD11b, CD11c, and CD86, was 87.9, 86.4, 86.4, and 84.8%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Our results suggest that quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of the selected SAs could be an adjunctive diagnostic technique with high diagnostic accuracy for HS in dogs. Substantial investigation is required for exclusion of diseases with similar cell types of origin to lymphoma. 相似文献3.
K.A. Blass K.E. Schober X. Li B.A. Scansen J.D. Bonagura 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):838-846
Background
Ivabradine is a negative chronotropic drug with minimal effects on central hemodynamics. Its effect on dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives
Ivabradine reduces dynamic obstruction of the LVOT in cats with HCM.Animals
Twenty‐eight client‐owned cats with preclinical HCM and dynamic LVOT obstruction.Methods
Randomized, double‐blind, active‐control single dose study. Cats received a single dose of either ivabradine (0.3 mg/kg PO) or atenolol (2 mg/kg PO). Heart rate, echocardiographic variables, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded before and 3 hours after drug administration. Statistical comparisons were made using ANCOVA.Results
Peak velocity in the LVOT was significantly decreased compared to baseline for both drugs; however, the effect was more prominent with atenolol (mean reduction 2.53 m/s; 95% CI 2.07–3.13 m/s) compared to ivabradine (mean reduction 0.32 m/s; 95% CI −0.04 to 0.71 m/s; P < .0001). Echocardiographic indices of systolic function were largely unchanged by ivabradine, but significantly reduced by atenolol.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
A single dose of ivabradine decreases dynamic LVOT obstruction in cats with HCM, but the clinical effect is negligible and inferior compared to that achieved by atenolol. 相似文献4.
M. Campos R. Ducatelle H.S. Kooistra G. Rutteman L. Duchateau I. Polis S. Daminet 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):564-570
Background
Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine tumor in the dog. Local invasive growth frequently precludes surgical excision and, in up to 38% of dogs, the tumor has already metastasized by the time of diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to investigate new treatment modalities that may be useful for the large number of dogs with inoperable tumors or metastatic disease.Hypothesis/Objectives
To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of potential therapeutic targets in canine thyroid tumors.Animals
74 dogs with thyroid neoplasia.Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p53, cycloxygenase‐2 (cox‐2), and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp).Results
Fifty‐four (73%) tumors were classified as follicular cell thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and 20 (27%) as medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). Eighty percent of FTCs and all MTCs had a high percentage (76–100%) of neoplastic cells immunopositive for VEGF. Thirteen percent of FTCs and 50% of MTCs expressed cox‐2. Seven percent of FTCs and 70% of MTCs expressed P‐gp. No tumor was immunopositive for p53 expression. Expression of VEGF (P = .034), cox‐2 (P = .013), and P‐gp (P < .001) was significantly higher in MTCs compared to FTCs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
VEGF is a potential therapeutic target in both FTC and MTC in dogs. Cox‐2 and P‐gp may be useful molecular targets in canine MTC. 相似文献5.
K.S. Woods A.M.N. Defarges A.C.G. Abrams‐Ogg L. Viel B.A. Brisson D. Bienzle 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1398-1404
Background
Different aspiration techniques to retrieve bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) affect sample quality in healthy dogs. Studies evaluating these techniques in dogs with respiratory disease are lacking.Objectives
To compare sample quality of BALF acquired by manual aspiration (MA) and suction pump aspiration (SPA).Animals
Eighteen client‐owned dogs with respiratory disease.Methods
Randomized, blinded prospective clinical trial. Manual aspiration was performed with a 35‐mL syringe attached directly to the bronchoscope biopsy channel and SPA was performed with a maximum of 50 mmHg negative pressure applied to the bronchoscope suction valve using the suction trap connection. Both aspiration techniques were performed in each dog on contralateral lung lobes, utilizing 2 mL/kg lavage volumes per site. Samples of BALF were analyzed by percentage of retrieved infusate, total nucleated cell count (TNCC), differential cell count, semiquantitative assessment of slide quality, and diagnosis score. Data were compared by paired Student''s t‐test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, chi‐squared test, and ANOVA. Cohen''s kappa coefficient was used to assess agreement.Results
The percentage of retrieved BALF (P = .001) was significantly higher for SPA than MA. Substantial agreement was found between cytologic classification of BALF obtained with MA and SPA (kappa = 0.615). There was no significant difference in rate of definitive diagnosis achieved with cytologic assessment between techniques (P = .78).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Suction pump aspiration, compared to MA, improved BALF retrieval, but did not significantly affect the rate of diagnostic success of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in dogs with pulmonary disease. 相似文献6.
J. Armstrong R.C. da Costa P. Martin‐Vaquero 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1799-1804
Background
Great Danes (GDs) with osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) have osteoarthritis (OA) of the cervical vertebrae. OA is often associated with increases in bone mineral density (BMD) in people and dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To compare the trabecular BMD of the cervical vertebrae between clinically normal (control) GDs and GDs with osseous‐associated CSM by using computed tomography (CT). We hypothesized that the vertebral trabecular BMD of CSM‐affected GDs would be higher than that of control GDs.Animals
Client‐owned GDs: 12 controls, 10 CSM affected.Methods
Prospective study. CT of the cervical vertebral column was obtained alongside a calibration phantom. By placing a circular region of interest at the articular process joints, vertebral body, pedicles, and within each rod of the calibration phantom, trabecular BMD was measured in Hounsfield units, which were converted to diphosphate equivalent densities. Trabecular BMD measurements were compared between CSM‐affected and control dogs, and between males and females within the control group.Results
Differences between CSM‐affected and control dogs were not significant for the articular processes (mean = −39; P = .37; 95% CI: −102 to 24), vertebral bodies (mean = −62; P = .08; 95% CI: −129 to 6), or pedicles (mean = −36; P = .51; 95% CI: −105 to 33). Differences between female and male were not significant.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study revealed no difference in BMD between control and CSM‐affected GDs. Based on our findings no association was detected between cervical OA and BMD in GDs with CSM. 相似文献7.
I.P. Herring D.L. Panciera S.R. Werre 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):488-495
Background
The prevalence and progression of vascular complications of spontaneous diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs have not been described.Objectives
To investigate the effects of duration of disease, as estimated by time since DM diagnosis, and glycemic control on prevalence of systemic hypertension, proteinuria, and diabetic retinopathy in dogs with spontaneous DM.Animals
Seventeen client‐owned dogs with spontaneous DM.Methods
Prospective, longitudinal observational study. Dogs with DM of less than 1 year''s duration were recruited and evaluated once every 6 months for 24 months. Recorded measures included indirect BP, urine albumin, protein and creatinine concentrations, serial blood glucose and serum fructosamine concentrations, ophthalmic examination, and a standardized behavioral questionnaire.Results
Eleven dogs completed the 2‐year follow‐up period, during which the highest recorded prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension was 55 and 64%, respectively. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and elevated urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) ranged up to 73 and 55%, respectively. Prevalence of retinopathy ranged up to 20%. No significant effect of time since DM diagnosis or glycemic control was detected for any of the measures examined. Additionally, no significant associations between BP, urine albumin concentration, UPC and retinopathy were detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
With the exception of proteinuria, which was substantial in some cases, clinically deleterious diabetic vascular complications were not identified in dogs in this study. 相似文献8.
Y. Brito‐Casillas P. Figueirinhas J.C. Wiebe L. Lpez‐Ríos D. Prez‐Barreto C. Melin A.M. Wgner 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1405-1413
Background
Portable blood glucose meters (PBGMs) allow easy glucose measurements. As animal‐specific PBGMs are not available everywhere, those for humans are widely used.Objectives
To assess the accuracy and precision of 9 PBGMs in canine whole blood (WB) and plasma, based on the ISO 15197:2013.Animals
Fifty‐nine client‐owned dogs attending the Veterinary Teaching Hospital.Methods
Analytical evaluation of 100 blood samples was performed for accuracy and 23 for precision (glucose 29–579 mg/dL) following ISO recommendations. A PBGM was considered accurate if 95% of the measurements were within ±15 mg/dL from the reference when glucose was <100 mg/dL and within ±15% when it was ≥100 mg/dL, and if 99% of them were within zones A and B in error grid analysis (EG). A hexokinase‐based analyzer was used as reference. Ninety samples were assessed for hematocrit interferences.Results
Accuracy requirements were not fulfilled by any PBGM in WB (74% of measurements within the limits for the most accurate) and by 1 only in plasma. However, the EG analysis in WB was passed by 6 PBGM and by all in plasma. The most accurate were also the most precise, with coefficients of variation <5% in WB and <3% in plasma. Hematocrit correlated with bias against the reference method in 4 PBGM (r = −0.243 − [−0.371]; P < .021).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This disparity among PBGM suggests that meters approved for humans need to be evaluated before use in other species. 相似文献9.
M.E. Baumstark N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl C. Müller M. Wenger F.S. Boretti C.E. Reusch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):154-159
Background
Some dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (HA) have normal sodium and potassium concentrations, a phenomenon called atypical Addison''s disease. The assumption that the zona glomerulosa and aldosterone secretion in these dogs are normal seems widely accepted; however, aldosterone measurements are missing in most published cases.Objectives
To measure aldosterone in dogs with HA with and without electrolyte abnormalities and to determine the time point of aldosterone peak concentrations during ACTH stimulation.Animals
Seventy dogs with HA, 22 dogs with diseases mimicking HA, and 19 healthy dogs.Methods
Prospective study. Blood samples were taken before and 60 minutes after injection of 250 μg ACTH in all dogs. Additional blood samples were taken 15, 30, and 45 minutes after ACTH in 7 dogs with HA and in 22 with diseases mimicking HA.Results
Baseline and ACTH‐stimulated aldosterone was significantly lower in dogs with HA than in the other groups. Aldosterone was low or undetectable in 67/70 dogs with HA independently of sodium and potassium levels. In 3 dogs, sodium/potassium concentrations were normal; in 1 dog, sodium was normal and potassium decreased. In all 4, ACTH‐stimulated aldosterone concentrations were below the detection limit of the assay. Aldosterone concentrations were not different at 30, 45, or 60 minutes after ACTH administration.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Cortisol and aldosterone secretion is compromised in dogs with HA with and without electrolyte abnormalities. The term atypical Addison''s disease, used for dogs with primary HA and normal electrolytes, must be reconsidered; other mechanisms allowing normal electrolyte balance without aldosterone should be evaluated in these dogs. 相似文献10.
11.
A.C. Freeman S.R. Platt M. Kent E. Huguet C. Rusbridge S. Holmes 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1551-1559
Background
Although Chiari‐like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) have been described in many small breed dogs, the prevalence and clinical manifestations of this complex have not been documented in a large cohort of American Brussels Griffon (ABG) dogs.Objectives
To characterize the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of CM and SM in the ABG breed.Animals
Eighty‐four American Kennel Club registered ABG dogs were recruited.Methods
Prospective study. Complete histories and neurologic examinations were obtained before MRI. Images were blindly reviewed and calculations were made by using OsiriX. All analyses were performed by Student''s t‐test, Spearman''s correlation, ANOVA, and chi‐square test where appropriate.Results
Chiari‐like malformation and SM were present in 65% and 52% of dogs, respectively. Twenty‐eight percent of dogs had neurologic deficits and 20% had neck pain. Mean central canal (CC) transverse height was 2.5 mm with a mean length of 3.6 cervical vertebrae. Neurologic deficits were significantly associated with a larger syrinx (P = .04, P = .08) and syrinx size increased with age (P = .027). SM was associated with a smaller craniocervical junction (CCJ) height (P = .04) and larger ventricles (P = .0001; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Syringomyelia and CM are prevalent in American Brussels Griffon dogs. Syrinx size is associated with neurologic deficits, CM, larger ventricles, a smaller craniocervical junction height, neurologic deficits, and cerebellar herniation. Fifty‐two percent of dogs with a SM were clinically normal. 相似文献12.
D. Schwartz L. Sharkey P.J. Armstrong C. Knudson J. Kelley 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1575-1579
Background
Mean platelet volume (MPV) and plateletcrit (PCT) are indices used in evaluating immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) in humans and in dogs with congenital macrothrombocytopenia. These indices may provide clinically valuable information in acquired thrombocytopenia.Hypothesis/Objectives
Dogs with presumed primary IMT will have increased MPV, and therefore platelet mass (PCT) will increase faster than platelet count (PLT) during recovery.Animals
Forty‐nine dogs with automated PLT < 30,000/μL because of presumed primary IMT and hematocrit (HCT), PCT, MPV, and platelet distribution width determined from the same complete blood count (CBC), and 46 healthy controls.Methods
Case‐control retrospective study; PLT, PCT, MPV, and platelet distribution width (PDW) were recorded from CBCs from 49 dogs, with 45 having data collected on the day of presentation. Fifteen were confirmed to have attained a PLT ≥ 75,000/μL on at least 1 CBC within 15 days after admission. The PCT equivalent to a PLT of 75,000/μL (assuming an average MPV) was calculated for comparison with PLT in terms of time to achieve a threshold of platelet mass by the 2 measures.Results
Mean platelet volume was higher in IMT dogs (17.3 fl) than the reference population (10.5 fl) (P < .0001). The PDW was not significantly different among the groups. The median time for PCT to reach threshold in confirmed responders was faster (3 days) compared with PLT (4 days).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia is characterized by increased MPV. Time to achieve a threshold PCT tended to be shorter than PLT, suggesting that PCT may be a useful platelet parameter for monitoring dogs with IMT. 相似文献13.
H. Okanishi R. Yoshioka Y. Kagawa T. Watari 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):809-817
Background
Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL), a type of protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE), is a dilatation of lymphatic vessels within the gastrointestinal tract. Dietary fat restriction previously has been proposed as an effective treatment for dogs with PLE, but limited objective clinical data are available on the efficacy of this treatment.Hypothesis/Objectives
To investigate the clinical efficacy of dietary fat restriction in dogs with IL that were unresponsive to prednisolone treatment or showed relapse of clinical signs and hypoalbuminemia when the prednisolone dosage was decreased.Animals
Twenty‐four dogs with IL.Methods
Retrospective study. Body weight, clinical activity score, and hematologic and biochemical variables were compared before and 1 and 2 months after treatment. Furthermore, the data were compared between the group fed only an ultra low‐fat (ULF) diet and the group fed ULF and a low‐fat (LF) diet.Results
Nineteen of 24 (79%) dogs responded satisfactorily to dietary fat restriction, and the prednisolone dosage could be decreased. Clinical activity score was significantly decreased after dietary treatment compared with before treatment. In addition, albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration were significantly increased after dietary fat restriction. At 2 months posttreatment, the ALB concentrations in the ULF group were significantly higher than that of the ULF + LF group.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Dietary fat restriction appears to be an effective treatment in dogs with IL that are unresponsive to prednisolone treatment or that have recurrent clinical signs and hypoalbuminemia when the dosage of prednisolone is decreased. 相似文献14.
E. Haas B.C. Rütgen W. Gerner B. Richter A. Tichy A. Galler A. Bilek J.G. Thalhammer A. Saalmüller N. Luckschander‐Zeller 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1708-1715
Background
Many dogs suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are presented to veterinary clinics. These patients are diagnosed based on a history of chronic gastrointestinal signs and biopsy‐confirmed histopathologic intestinal inflammation. Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are part of the first line of defense in the gastrointestinal immune system. Alterations in IEL subsets may play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD.Hypothesis
The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypes of IEL in dogs with IBD compared with healthy control dogs.Animals
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes subpopulations of control dogs (n = 5) obtained from endoscopic biopsies (EB) were compared to those obtained from full thickness biopsies (FTB) on the same day. In addition, the phenotypes of IEL from FTB of control dogs (n = 10) were compared with EB of IBD dogs (n = 10). Each participant was scored clinically using the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI), and all samples were graded histopathologically. Three‐color flow cytometry of isolated IEL was performed using monoclonal antibodies against T‐ and B‐lymphocyte subpopulations.Results
No significant differences in the composition of IEL subpopulations were found in control dogs based on method of biopsy. The IBD dogs had significantly higher CIBDAI and histopathologic scores compared with control dogs and their IEL contained a significantly higher frequency TCRγδ T‐cells.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Endoscopic biopsies provide suitable samples for 3‐color flow cytometry when studying canine intestinal IEL and IBD patients show significant changes of major T‐cell subsets compared to healthy control dogs. 相似文献15.
S. Wesselowski M. Borgarelli N.M. Bello J. Abbott 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1527-1533
Background
Left atrial size is prognostically important in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).Hypothesis/Objectives
To compare the level of agreement in identification of left atrial enlargement (LAE) between the left atrial‐to‐aortic root ratio (LA : Ao) and left atrial volume using the biplane area‐length method indexed to body weight (LA Vol/BW).Animals
Sixty dogs with MMVD and 22 normal dogs were prospectively studied with 2‐dimensional echocardiography.Methods
The upper limit of normal for LA Vol/BW was defined as 1.1 mL/kg. LA : Ao was deemed normal if ≤1.5. To define overall disease severity, each dog was assigned a mitral regurgitation severity score (MRSS) based on echocardiographic parameters that did not include left atrial size. ACVIM staging also was utilized.Results
Of 60 affected dogs, 20 were ACVIM Stage B1, 25 were Stage B2, and 15 were Stage C. LA Vol/BW identified LAE in 12 cases in which LA : Ao was normal; 7 of these were Stage B1 and 5 were Stage B2. This diagnostic disagreement was significant (P = .00012). Of the 12 cases in which diagnostic discrepancies were identified, 5/5 of the B2 dogs and 3/7 B1 dogs had a moderate MRSS, whereas 4/7 B1 dogs had a mild MRSS. No diagnostic discrepancies between LA : Ao and LA Vol/BW were apparent in dogs with a severe MRSS.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study shows evidence of diagnostic disagreement between LA : Ao and LA Vol/BW for assessment of LAE. LA Vol/BW may be superior to LA : Ao for identification of mild LAE. 相似文献16.
M.C. Belanger E. Ct G. Beauchamp 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1498-1503
Background
Predicting subaortic stenosis (SAS) in adult Golden Retriever dogs (GRs) by evaluating them as puppies is hampered by the progressive expression of the SAS phenotype in youth. In some children who develop SAS as adults, an abnormal aortoseptal angle (AoSA) precedes development of stenosis.Objectives
To determine the normal AoSA in young adult GRs using echocardiography; to assess the value of AoSA in GR puppies for predicting development of the SAS phenotype.Animals
Forty‐eight 2‐ to 6‐month‐old GR puppies.Methods
Prospective study. Puppies were recruited from clients and breeders. Puppies were evaluated with a physical examination and an echocardiogram, and this evaluation was repeated when they were 12–18‐month‐old adults. Puppies were classified as unaffected (WNL) or affected (SAS) retroactively, based on their results as adults.Results
In WNL young adult GRs, mean ± SD AoSA was 152.3 ± 6.5°. Mean ± SD AoSA in SAS puppies (144.9 ± 8.6°) was significantly different from mean AoSA in WNL puppies (155.7 ± 8.8°, P < .01). No puppy with AoSA >160° had the SAS phenotype as a young adult; 93% (75.7–99.1%) of puppies with AoSA <145° had the SAS phenotype as young adults. Peak LVOT velocity increased significantly between evaluations (P < .0001) whereas AoSA did not (P = .45).Conclusion and Clinical Significance
A steep AoSA in GR puppies is associated with the SAS phenotype in young adulthood. Some GR puppies have an abnormal AoSA that persists in young adulthood and is detectable before peak LVOT velocity reaches levels consistent with SAS. 相似文献17.
Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Provides an Additional Benefit to a Low‐Dust Diet in the Management of Horses with Chronic Lower Airway Inflammatory Disease 
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下载免费PDF全文 N. Nogradi L.L. Couetil J. Messick M.A. Stochelski J.R. Burgess 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):299-306
Background
Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) may benefit humans and animals with chronic inflammatory diseases.Hypothesis
Omega‐3 PUFA supplementation improves clinical signs, lung function, and airway inflammation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory airway disease (IAD).Animals
Eight research horses and 35 client‐owned horses.Methods
A pilot study examined the dose of PUFA that can alter plasma PUFA composition. Then, a randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed in horses with RAO and IAD. Horses were fed a complete pelleted diet with no hay and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 daily treatments for 2 months: 30 or 60 g of the supplement or 30 g of placebo. Clinical signs, lung function, plasma PUFA composition, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology were evaluated. Data were expressed as median (25–75th percentiles). P < .05 was considered significant.Results
Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation resulted in increased plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that peaked at 4 weeks. Clinical improvement was noted in all horses involved in the clinical trial, but the group that received PUFA had greater improvement in clinical signs (cough score improved 60%), lung function (respiratory effort decreased 48%), and BALF (neutrophils decreased from 23 to 9%) when compared to placebo (cough score improved 33%, respiratory effort decreased 27%, BALF neutrophils increased from 11 to 17%; P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Feeding horses with RAO and IAD a PUFA supplement containing 1.5–3 g DHA for 2 months provides an additional benefit to low‐dust diet. 相似文献18.
J. López‐Alvarez A. Boswood W. Moonarmart M.J. Hezzell N. Lotter J. Elliott 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):393-400
Background
Increased heart rate (HR) and decreased heart rate variability (HRV) are evident in some dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD).Objectives
Evaluation of the factors influencing HR and HRV (assessed by the vasovagal tonus index; VVTI) and their change over time in dogs with DMVD.Animals
Client‐owned dogs (n = 257) with DMVD recruited from first opinion practice.Methods
Prospective longitudinal follow‐up at six‐monthly intervals of dogs with DMVD. Dogs followed up for at least 18 months (n = 102) were grouped according to their outcome as dogs dying/euthanized because of cardiac disease (n = 28; Group 1), noncardiac disease (n = 40; Group 2) and dogs alive (n = 34; Group 3). HR and VVTI were measured on 1‐minute ECG recordings. Repeated measures linear models were constructed to investigate the factors that influence HR and VVTI and their changes over time.Results
Heart rate and VVTI were affected by disease severity and were different in Cavaliers compared to other breeds. Group 1 and Group 2 dogs underwent an increase in HR and decrease in VVTI, evident at least 18 months before death. Group 1 had a further decrease in VVTI followed by an increase in HR approximately 1 year and 6 months before death, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Dogs with DMVD have an increase in HR and decrease in HRV over a year before death, with greater changes in those dogs dying/euthanized because of cardiac disease. Both HR and VVTI can potentially be regarded as biomarkers for all‐cause mortality. 相似文献19.
R. Gonalves H. Volk P.M. Smith J. Penderis L. Garosi E. MacKillop A. de Stefani G. Cherubini J.F. McConnell 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1275-1279
Background
Corpus callosal abnormalities (CCA) in dogs have been only sporadically reported and are poorly characterized.Hypothesis/Objectives
To describe the clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of dogs with CCA.Animals
Fifteen client‐owned dogs.Methods
Retrospective study. Records of the contributing institutions were reviewed to identify dogs diagnosed with malformations affecting the corpus callosum (CC); cases in which the CCA was thought to be secondary were excluded.Results
The most represented breeds were Staffordshire Bull Terriers (5/15) and Miniature Schnauzers (3/15; n = 3, 20%) and the mean age at time of presentation of 19 months (range 3–81 months). The clinical signs most commonly reported were adipsia/hypodipsia with associated hypernatremia (12/15), tremors (6/15), and seizures (6/15). Review of the MR images revealed that 10 dogs had absence of the rostral CC and hypoplasia of the caudal portion, 4 dogs had a diffusely hypoplastic and dysplastic CC, and 1 dog had a diffusely hypoplastic CC. In 14 cases, there was abnormal cortical development with fusion of the ventral frontal lobes and part of the diencephalon, indicating lobar holoprosencephaly.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Previous literature has mainly associated CCA with adipsia and only 12 of 15 dogs in the current series demonstrated this abnormality. There are different degrees of the malformation but in 10 dogs the rostral portion of the CC is most severely affected. Fourteen dogs have simultaneous fusion of the midline structures rostral to the CC; this region has several structures involved in thirst regulation and might explain this derangement. 相似文献20.
P. Martin‐Vaquero R.C. da Costa S.A. Moore A.C. Gross T.D. Eubank 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1268-1274