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1.
M. Krofi
el N. Tozon A. Nemec Svete 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):130-136
Background
Serum selenium concentrations and the activity of plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decrease with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in human patients. Selenium is considered a limiting factor for plasma GPx synthesis. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is decreased in CKD cats in comparison to healthy cats.Hypothesis
Serum selenium concentrations and plasma and erythrocyte GPx activity in cats with CKD are lower than in healthy cats. Serum selenium concentrations, the activity of enzymes, and plasma TAC progressively decrease with the progression of kidney disease according to IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) classification.Animals
Twenty‐six client‐owned cats in IRIS stages I–IV of CKD were compared with 19 client‐owned healthy cats.Methods
A CBC, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, plasma and erythrocyte GPx activity, serum selenium concentration, and plasma TAC were measured in each cat.Results
Cats in IRIS stage IV CKD had a significantly higher (P = .025) activity of plasma GPx (23.44 ± 6.28 U/mL) than cats in the control group (17.51 ± 3.75 U/mL). There were no significant differences in erythrocyte GPx, serum selenium concentration, and plasma TAC, either among IRIS stages I–IV CKD cats or between CKD cats and healthy cats.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Erythrocyte GPx activity, serum selenium concentration, and plasma TAC do not change in CKD cats compared with healthy cats. Selenium is not a limiting factor in feline CKD. Increased plasma GPx activity in cats with stage IV CKD suggests induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Antioxidant defense systems might not be exhausted in CKD in cats. 相似文献2.
F.R. Bertin J.M. Squires J.E. Kritchevsky S.D. Taylor 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):368-374
Background
Information pertaining to clinical presentation and outcome of neonatal New World camelids (NWC) is limited when compared to calves and foals.Hypothesis
Values of variables at admission and subsequent treatment would predict survival in sick neonatal NWC.Animals
Fifty‐six client‐owned sick neonatal NWC presented over a 10‐year period to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.Methods
A retrospective study was performed. Inclusion criteria were NWC less than 30 days of age with complete medical records that presented between 2000 and 2010.Results
The median age at presentation was 1 day (range 1–20). The most common diagnoses were systemic inflammatory response syndrome (50%), congenital defects (41%), ophthalmic lesions (21%), sepsis (16%), and gastrointestinal diseases (16%). Sixty‐six percent of NWC survived to discharge. Clinicopathologic findings on admission were variable and not specific for disorders. Factors associated with survival were absence of choanal atresia (P = .001, OR: 55.9 [2.5–1,232]), administration of llama plasma (P = .013, OR: 4.9 [1.4–17.7]), and antimicrobial treatment with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMS) (P = .016, OR: 6.5 [1.3–32.2]).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The use of antibiotics, particularly TMS, and llama plasma are recommended in sick neonatal NWC. Results from this study could contribute toward defining a NWC‐specific sepsis scoring system. 相似文献3.
J. Braff E. Obare M. Yerramilli J. Elliott M. Yerramilli 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1699-1701
Background
Direct measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the preferred method to assess renal function in cats, but it is not widely used in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In cats with CKD, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to increase and to correlate with plasma creatinine concentrations.Hypothesis
In cats, reduced GFR corresponds with increased serum SDMA concentration.Animals
The study group consisted of ten client‐owned cats whose GFR had been measured previously. Cats ranged in age from 11.1 to 16.9 years; both azotemic and nonazotemic animals were included.Methods
Glomerular filtration rate was determined for each cat by plasma iohexol clearance using the three sample slope‐intercept method, and serum SDMA concentration was measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry.Results
A linear relationship was observed between GFR and the reciprocal of serum SDMA concentration (R 2 = 0.82, P < .001). A similar relationship was found between GFR and the reciprocal of plasma creatinine concentration (R 2 = 0.81, P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Increased serum SDMA concentrations were observed in cats with reduced renal function as determined by direct measurement of GFR. This finding indicates that SDMA could have clinical applications in the diagnosis of CKD in cats. 相似文献4.
E.H. Hooijberg R. van den Hoven A. Tichy I. Schwendenwein 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1587-1593
Background
A wide spectrum of laboratory tests is available to aid diagnosis and classification of equine inflammatory disease.Objectives
To compare diagnostic efficacy and combined predictive capability of the myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), and plasma fibrinogen, iron and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations for the diagnosis of inflammation.Animals
Twenty‐six hospitalized horses with systemic inflammation (SI), 114 with local inflammation (LI) and 61 healthy horses or those with noninflammatory disease (NI) were included.Methods
A retrospective study was performed; clinicopathologic data from horses were compared between groups. Receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate diagnostic efficacy; classification and regression tree analysis (CART) and logistic regression analysis were used to generate diagnostic algorithms.Results
Horses with SI had significantly higher SAA than horses with LI (P = .007) and NI (P < .001) and lower iron concentrations than horses with LI (P < .001) and NI (P < .001). Fibrinogen concentration was higher in horses with inflammation than in those without inflammation (P = .002). There was no difference between the SI and LI groups. White blood cell count, neutrophil count and MPXI were similar between groups. SAA had the highest accuracy for diagnosing inflammation (area under ROC curve [AUC], 0.83 ± 0.06) and iron and SAA concentration had the highest accuracy for differentiating SI from LI (AUC, 0.80 ± 0.09 and 0.73 ± 0.10 respectively). Predictive modeling failed to generate useful algorithms and classification of cases was moderate.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Very high SAA and low iron concentrations may reflect SI, but diagnostic guidelines based on quantitative results of inflammatory markers could not be formulated. 相似文献5.
K.A. Blass K.E. Schober X. Li B.A. Scansen J.D. Bonagura 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):838-846
Background
Ivabradine is a negative chronotropic drug with minimal effects on central hemodynamics. Its effect on dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives
Ivabradine reduces dynamic obstruction of the LVOT in cats with HCM.Animals
Twenty‐eight client‐owned cats with preclinical HCM and dynamic LVOT obstruction.Methods
Randomized, double‐blind, active‐control single dose study. Cats received a single dose of either ivabradine (0.3 mg/kg PO) or atenolol (2 mg/kg PO). Heart rate, echocardiographic variables, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded before and 3 hours after drug administration. Statistical comparisons were made using ANCOVA.Results
Peak velocity in the LVOT was significantly decreased compared to baseline for both drugs; however, the effect was more prominent with atenolol (mean reduction 2.53 m/s; 95% CI 2.07–3.13 m/s) compared to ivabradine (mean reduction 0.32 m/s; 95% CI −0.04 to 0.71 m/s; P < .0001). Echocardiographic indices of systolic function were largely unchanged by ivabradine, but significantly reduced by atenolol.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
A single dose of ivabradine decreases dynamic LVOT obstruction in cats with HCM, but the clinical effect is negligible and inferior compared to that achieved by atenolol. 相似文献6.
C. Damoiseaux A.‐C. Merveille E. Krafft A.M. Da Costa S. Gomart P. Jespers C. Michaux C. Clercx C. Verhoeven K. Mc Entee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1738-1745
Background
In humans, a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a favorable cardiovascular risk profile whereas, in patients with heart failure (HF), a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a less favorable prognosis.Hypothesis/Objectives
To evaluate the physiological determinants of plasma adiponectin concentration in dogs and the influence of heart disease, myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Animals
One hundred and fourteen client‐owned dogs and 9 Beagles from the research colony of the Clinical Veterinary Unit of the University of Liège.Methods
We prospectively measured circulating adiponectin concentration in healthy control dogs (n = 77), dogs with MMVD (n = 22) and dogs with DCM (n = 15) of various degrees of severity. Diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler echocardiography. Plasma adiponectin concentration was measured by a canine‐specific sandwich ELISA kit.Results
An analysis of covariance showed an association between adiponectin concentration and age, neuter status, and heart disease. No association between adiponectin concentration and class of HF, sex, body condition score, body weight, circadian rhythm, or feeding was found. Plasma adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with age (P = .001). Adiponectin was lower in neutered (P = .008) compared to intact dogs. Circulating adiponectin concentration was increased in dogs with DCM compared to healthy dogs (P = .018) and to dogs with MMVD (P = .014).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Age and neutering negatively influence circulating adiponectin concentration. Plasma adiponectin concentration increased in dogs with DCM. Additional research is required to investigate if this hormone is implicated in the pathophysiology of DCM and associated with clinical outcome. 相似文献7.
P.E. Frowde A.G. Gow C.A. Burton R. Powell V.J. Lipscomb A.K. House R.J. Mellanby M.S. Tivers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1203-1205
Background
Microcytic anemia is common in dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt (cPSS) and typically resolves after surgical attenuation of the anomalous vessel. However, the pathophysiology of the microcytic anemia remains poorly understood. Hepcidin has been a key role in controlling iron transport in both humans and animals and in mediating anemia of inflammatory disease in humans. The role of hepcidin in the development of microcytic anemia in dogs with a cPSS has not been examined.Hypothesis
To determine whether hepatic hepcidin mRNA expression decreases, while red blood cell count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increase in dogs after surgical attenuation of a cPSS.Animals
Eighteen client‐owned dogs with confirmed cPSS undergoing surgical attenuation.Method
Prospective study. Red blood cell count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), together with hepatic gene expression of hepcidin, were measured in dogs before and after partial attenuation of a cPSS.Results
There was a significant increase in both RBC (median pre 6.17 × 1012/L, median post 7.08 × 1012/L, P < .001) and MCV (median pre 61.5fl, median post 65.5fl, P = .006) after partial surgical attenuation of the cPSS. Despite the increase in both measured red blood cell parameters, hepatic gene expression of hepcidin remained unchanged.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study found no evidence that dysregulated production of hepcidin was associated with anemia in dogs with a cPSS. 相似文献8.
E. Beltran S.R. Platt J.F. McConnell R. Dennis D.A. Keys L. De Risio 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1256-1262
Background
The prognostic value of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dogs after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear.Objectives
Determine whether MRI findings are associated with prognosis after TBI in dogs.Animals
Fifty client‐owned dogs.Methods
Retrospective study of dogs with TBI that underwent 1.5T MRI within 14 days after head trauma. MRI evaluators were blinded to the clinical presentation, and all images were scored based on an MRI grading system (Grade I [normal brain parenchyma] to Grade VI [bilateral lesions affecting the brainstem with or without any lesions of lesser grade]). Skull fractures, percentage of intraparenchymal lesions, degree of midline shift, and type of brain herniation were evaluated. MGCS was assessed at presentation. The presence of seizures was recorded. Outcome was assessed at 48 h (alive or dead) and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after TBI.Results
Sixty‐six percent of the dogs had abnormal MRI findings. MRI grade was negatively correlated (P < .001) with MGCS. A significant negative correlation of MRI grade, degree of midline shift, and percentage of intraparenchymal lesions with follow‐up scores was identified. The MGCS was lower in dogs with brain herniation (P = .0191). Follow‐up scores were significantly lower in dogs that had brain herniation or skull fractures. The possibility of having seizures was associated with higher percentage of intraparenchymal lesions (P = 0.0054) and 10% developed PTE.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Significant associations exist between MRI findings and prognosis in dogs with TBI. MRI can help to predict prognosis in dogs with TBI. 相似文献9.
S. Lalor A.M. Schwartz H. Titmarsh N. Reed S. Tasker L. Boland J. Berry D. Gunn‐Moore R.J. Mellanby 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):351-355
Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal small cell lymphoma (ISCL) are common diseases in cats. The prevalence of alterations in the serum concentrations of fat soluble vitamins, such as vitamin D, in cats with IBD and ISCL is unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives
The objective of this study was to measure serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations in cats with IBD or ISCL. Serum 25(OH)D also was measured in healthy cats, and in hospitalized ill cats with nongastrointestinal diseases.Animals
Eighty‐four cats were included in the study: 23 in the healthy group, 41 in the hospitalized ill group, and 20 in the IBD/ISCL group.Methods
Retrospective study. Serum samples for vitamin D analysis were frozen at −20°C until serum 25(OH)D was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results
Although there was overlap in serum 25(OH)D concentrations among the 3 groups, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower in the cats with IBD or ISCL compared to healthy cats (P < .0001) and hospitalized ill cats (P = .014). In the IBD/ISCL group, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between serum albumin and 25(OH)D concentrations (r = 0.58, P = .018).Conclusion and Clinical Importance
The median serum concentration of 25(OH)D was significantly lower in cats with IBD/ISCL than in healthy cats and in hospitalized ill cats. Additional studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of hypovitaminosis D in cats with gastrointestinal diseases, to define the best management strategy to treat this complication, and to investigate its potential prognostic implications. 相似文献10.
M.S. Kraus K.M. Rassnick J.J. Wakshlag A.R.M. Gelzer A.S. Waxman A.M. Struble K. Refsal 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):109-115
Background
Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in cardiac function, and there is increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) in people.Hypothesis
Serum vitamin D concentration is lower in dogs with CHF compared with unaffected controls and serum vitamin D concentration is associated with clinical outcome in dogs with CHF.Animals
Eighty‐two client‐owned dogs.Methods
In this cross‐sectional study, we examined the association between circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], a measure of vitamin D status, and CHF in dogs. In the prospective cohort study, we examined whether 25(OH)D serum concentration was associated with clinical outcome in dogs with CHF.Results
Mean 25(OH)D concentration (100 ± 44 nmol/L) in 31 dogs with CHF was significantly lower than that of 51 unaffected dogs (123 ± 42 nmol/L; P = .023). The mean calculated vitamin D intake per kg of metabolic body weight in dogs with CHF was no different from that of unaffected dogs (1.37 ± 0.90 μg/kg metabolic body weight versus 0.98 ± 0.59 μg/kg body weight, respectively, P = .097). There was a significant association of serum 25(OH)D concentration on time to clinical manifestation of CHF or sudden death (P = .02).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
These findings suggest that low concentrations of 25(OH)D may be a risk factor for CHF in dogs. Low serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with poor outcome in dogs with CHF. Strategies to improve vitamin D status in some dogs with CHF may prove beneficial without causing toxicity. 相似文献11.
S.M. McLeland K.F. Lunn C.G. Duncan K.R. Refsal J.M. Quimby 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):827-837
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats is associated with gastrointestinal signs commonly attributed to uremic gastropathy. Consequently, patients often are treated with antacids and gastrointestinal protectants. This therapeutic regimen is based on documented gastric lesions in uremic humans and dogs, but the nature and incidence of uremic gastropathy in cats are unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives
Evaluate uremic gastropathy in CKD cats to facilitate refinement of medical management for gastrointestinal signs.Animals
Thirty‐seven CKD cats; 12 nonazotemic catsMethods
Stomachs were evaluated for the presence of classic uremic gastropathy lesions. Histopathologic lesions were compared with serum creatinine concentrations, calcium‐phosphorus product (CPP), and serum gastrin concentrations.Results
Gastric ulceration, edema, and vascular fibrinoid change were not observed. The most important gastric lesions in CKD cats were fibrosis and mineralization. Sixteen CKD cats (43%) had evidence of gastric fibrosis of varying severity and 14 CKD cats (38%) had gastric mineralization. CKD cats were more likely to have gastric fibrosis and mineralization than nonazotemic controls (P = .005 and P = .021, respectively). Only cats with moderate and severe azotemia had gastric mineralization. CPP was correlated with disease severity; severely azotemic CKD cats had significantly higher CPP when compared with nonazotemic controls, and to mildly and moderately azotemic cats (P < .05). Gastrin concentrations were significantly higher in CKD cats when compared with nonazotemic controls (P = .003), but increased concentrations were not associated with gastric ulceration.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Uremic gastropathy in CKD cats differs from that described in other species and this difference should be considered when devising medical management. 相似文献12.
C.M. Bonadio E.C. Feldman T.A. Cohen P.H. Kass 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1239-1243
Background
Trilostane medical treatment of naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism (NOH) in dogs is common, as is use of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test (ACTHst) in monitoring response to treatment. There is uncertainty regarding when the ACTHst should be started relative to time of trilostane administration.Objective
To compare ACTHst results in dogs being treated for NOH with trilostane when the test is begun 2 versus 4 hours after trilostane administration.Animals
Twenty‐one privately owned dogs with NOH, each treated with trilostane for at least 30 days.Methods
Each dog had 2 ACTHst completed, 1 started 2 hours and the other 4 hours after trilostane administration. The second test was started no sooner than 46 hours and no later than 74 hours after the first.Results
For all 21 dogs, the mean post‐ACTH serum cortisol concentration from tests started 2 hours after trilostane administration (5.4 ± 3.7 μg/dL) was significantly lower (P = .03) as compared with results from the tests started 4 hours after administration (6.5 ± 4.5 μg/dL).Conclusions
Results of ACTHst started at different times yield significantly different results. Dogs with NOH, treated with trilostane, and monitored with ACTHst results should have all of their subsequent ACTHst tests begun at or about the same time after trilostane administration. 相似文献13.
K. Borgeat K. Sherwood J.R. Payne V. Luis Fuentes D.J. Connolly 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1731-1737
Background
The use of cardiac biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis of occult and symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats has been established. There is limited data describing their prognostic utility in cats with HCM.Hypothesis
Circulating concentrations of N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) predict cardiac death in cats with HCM.Animals
Forty‐one cats diagnosed with HCM at a veterinary teaching hospital, between February 2010 and May 2011.Methods
Prospective investigational study. Plasma samples were collected from cats diagnosed with HCM and concentrations of NTproBNP and cTnI were analyzed at a commercial laboratory. Echocardiographic measurements from the day of blood sampling were recorded. Long‐term outcome data were obtained. Associations with time to cardiac death were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.Results
When controlling for the presence/absence of heart failure and echocardiographic measures of left atrial size and function, cTnI > 0.7 ng/mL was independently associated with time to cardiac death. In univariable analysis, NTproBNP > 250 pmol/L was associated with cardiac death (P = .023), but this did not remain significant (P = .951) when controlling for the effect of clinical signs or left atrial size/function.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma concentration of cTnI (cutoff >0.7 ng/mL) is a predictor of cardiac death in cats with HCM that is independent of the presence of heart failure or left atrial dilatation. 相似文献14.
P. Pazzi A. Goddard A.T. Kristensen E. Dvir 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):21-29
Background
Canine spirocercosis is caused by the nematode Spirocerca lupi and is characterized by esophageal fibro‐inflammatory nodules that may undergo neoplastic transformation. No sensitive and specific laboratory assays other than histopathology have been reported to differentiate non‐neoplastic from neoplastic disease.Hypothesis/Objectives
Dogs with spirocercosis will have evidence of hypercoagulability based on thromboelastography (TEG)‐derived maximal amplitude (MA); increased MA will be correlated with increased acute phase protein (APP) concentrations (C‐reactive protein [CRP] and fibrinogen); increased MA and APPs will be exacerbated with neoplastic spirocercosis.Animals
Thirty‐nine client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring spirocercosis and 15 sex‐matched healthy controls.Methods
A prospective comparative study evaluating TEG, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin (AT) activity, platelet count and D‐dimer concentration, and APPs of dogs with non‐neoplastic (n = 24) and neoplastic (n = 15) spirocercosis compared to control dogs.Results
Median MA was significantly increased in the non‐neoplastic group (P < .01) and neoplastic group (P < .01) compared to the controls. Both APPs were significantly increased in the neoplastic group compared to the non‐neoplastic and control groups. MA was strongly correlated with fibrinogen (r = 0.85, P < .001) and CRP (r = 0.73, P < .001). An MA >76 mm provided 96% specificity and 73% sensitivity for differentiation of disease state.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Canine spirocercosis is associated with increased TEG variables, MA and α, and decreased AT activity, which may indicate a hypercoagulable state seemingly more severe with neoplastic transformation. MA was correlated with APP in dogs with spirocercosis and can be used as an adjunctive test to support the suspicion of neoplastic transformation. 相似文献15.
D.I. Mawby J.C. Whittemore K.A. Fecteau 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1244-1250
Background
Specificity of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) assays in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is unknown.Hypothesis
Results of cPLI assays differ for clinically healthy dogs and dogs with HAC.Animals
Seventeen healthy dogs and 20 dogs with HAC diagnosed by ACTH stimulation test results without evidence of clinical pancreatitis.Methods
Dogs were enrolled between December 2009 and November 2010. Serum cPLI concentrations were determined by quantitative (Spec cPL test, SPEC) and semiquantitative (SNAP cPL test, SNAP) assays. Results were categorized as normal, equivocal, or abnormal (SPEC) or negative or positive (SNAP). Associations between group and cPLI were assessed using Fisher''s exact test or the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (ρ) were determined for SNAP and SPEC results. Significance was set at P < .05.Results
Spec cPL test concentrations were significantly (P < .001) higher in dogs with HAC (491.1 μg/L) than in healthy dogs (75.2 μg/L), with more abnormal SPEC results in HAC dogs (P < .001). There were more (P = .002) positive SNAP results in dogs with HAC (55%) than in healthy dogs (6%). SNAP and SPEC results were highly correlated (ρ = 0.85; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Dogs with HAC had higher SPEC concentrations and more positive SNAP results than clinically healthy dogs with normal ACTH stimulation test results. Specificity of SPEC and SNAP assays in HAC dogs without clinical pancreatitis were 65 and 45%, respectively. Pending further study, SNAP and SPEC results should be interpreted cautiously in dogs with HAC to avoid false diagnosis of concurrent pancreatitis. 相似文献16.
E.M. Strage M.S. Lewitt J.M. Hanson U. Olsson F. Norrvik I. Lilliehöök B.S. Holst T. Fall 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):419-428
Background
In the dog, the normal estrous cycle includes a prolonged luteal phase. Progesterone stimulates local canine mammary growth hormone (GH) production, which may act systemically and contribute to insulin resistance. Swedish Elkhounds are predisposed to progesterone‐related diabetes mellitus, and the relationship among insulin resistance, GH, and insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) is of particular interest.Objective
To study insulin resistance in relation to GH and IGF‐I in nondiabetic Swedish Elkhounds during diestrus. We also assessed whether alterations in these hormones could predict diestrus‐linked diseases and all‐cause mortality.Animals
Eighty‐four privately owned female intact Swedish Elkhounds >4 years of age.Methods
Blood sampling and clinical examination during luteal phase, with a follow‐up questionnaire after 20 months. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR).Results
In multivariable regression analysis, GH was positively associated with HOMA‐IR (P = .009). An increase in GH of 1 ng/mL was associated with a 12.7% increase in HOMA‐IR. Moreover, C‐peptide was positively associated with IGF‐I (P = .04), and an increase in C‐peptide of 0.1 ng/mL was associated with a 6.9% increase in IGF‐I. Structural equation modeling supported these results. Twenty‐three animals were found to have previously unrecognized mammary masses and had higher GH (P < .0001) and IGF‐I (P = .007) than dogs without mammary masses (n = 61). There was no association between high GH and IGF‐I concentrations at sampling and future mammary masses.Conclusion
We showed that GH was strongly associated with insulin resistance in older Swedish Elkhounds during diestrus. 相似文献17.
L. Unger A. Nicholson E.M. Jewitt V. Gerber A. Hegeman L. Sweetman S. Valberg 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1289-1293
Background
Hypoglycin A, found in seeds of Acer negundo, appears to cause seasonal pasture myopathy (SPM) in North America and is implicated in atypical myopathy (AM) in Europe. Acer negundo is uncommon in Europe. Thus, the potential source of hypoglycin A in Europe is unknown.Hypothesis and Objectives
We hypothesized that seeds of Acer pseudoplatanus were the source of hypoglycin A in Europe. Our objective was to determine the concentration of hypoglycin A in seeds of A. pseudoplatanus trees located in pastures where previous cases of AM had occurred.Animals
None.Methods
University of Berne records were searched to retrospectively identify 6 farms with 10 AM cases and 11 suspected AM deaths between 2007 and 2011. During October 2012, A. pseudoplatanus seeds were collected from 2 to 6 trees per pasture on 6 AM farms (7 pastures) from trees in or close to 2 pastures on 2 control farms where AM had not been previously reported. Hypoglycin A in seeds was analyzed by GC–MS.Results
Acer pseudoplatanus trees were identified on all AM pastures. Hypoglycin A was detected in all A. pseudoplatanus seeds in highly variable concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 2.81 μg/mg (mean 0.69) on AM farms and 0.10 to 9.12 μg/mg (mean 1.59) on control farms.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Preventing horses from grazing pastures containing A. pseudoplatanus seeds during late fall and early spring might be the best means to prevent AM. 相似文献18.
P. Martin‐Vaquero R.C. da Costa S.A. Moore A.C. Gross T.D. Eubank 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1268-1274
Background
Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of human cervical spondylotic myelopathy and could also play a role in cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) in dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
That cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine concentrations would differ between clinically normal (control) and CSM‐affected Great Danes (GDs), with affected GDs showing higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1/chemokine ligand 2 (MCP‐1/CCL2).Animals
Client‐owned GDs: 15 control, 15 CSM‐affected.Methods
Prospective study. Dogs underwent cervical vertebral column magnetic resonance imaging and collection of CSF from the cerebellomedullary cistern. Cytokine concentrations were measured using a commercially available canine multiplex immunoassay. Cytokine concentrations were compared between groups. Associations with the administration of anti‐inflammatory medications, disease duration and severity, severity of spinal cord (SC) compression, and SC signal changes were investigated in affected GDs.Results
Affected GDs had significantly lower MCP‐1/CCL2 (mean 138.03 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 114.85–161.20) than control GDs (212.89 pg/mL, 95% CI = 165.68–260.11, P = .028). In affected GDs, MCP‐1/CCL2 concentrations correlated inversely with the severity of SC compression. There were no associations with administration of anti‐inflammatory medications, disease duration, or disease severity. IL‐6 concentrations were significantly higher (2.20 pg/mL, 95% CI = 1.92–2.47, P < .001) in GDs with SC signal changes.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Lower MCP‐1/CCL2 in CSM‐affected GDs might compromise clearance of axonal and myelin debris, delay axon regeneration, and affect recovery. Higher IL‐6 in CSM‐affected GDs with SC signal changes suggests more severe inflammation in this group. 相似文献19.
K.‐D. Cho J. Paek J.‐H. Kang D. Chang K.‐J. Na M.‐P. Yang 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):429-436
Background
An excess of intra‐abdominal fat is observed frequently in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Adipokine dysregulation is a possible cause of complications related to visceral obesity, but little information is available on adipokine in dogs with naturally occurring HAC.Objectives
To examine the differences in the circulating adipokines concentrations in overweight dogs with and without pituitary‐dependent HAC (PDH).Animals
Thirty healthy dogs and 15 client‐owned dogs with PDH.Methods
Case–controlled observational study, which enrolled 15 overweight dogs diagnosed with PDH and 30 otherwise healthy dogs of similar body condition score. Nine of 15 dogs with PDH were treated with low‐dose trilostane twice daily and reassessed after treatment.Results
The serum leptin (P < .0001) and insulin (P < .0001) concentrations were significantly higher in the PDH group (leptin, 22.8 ± 8.8 [mean ± SD]; insulin, 9.1 ± 6.1) than the healthy group (leptin, 4.9 ± 3.7; insulin, 1.9 ± 0.9). However, there were no significant differences in the adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐18 levels between the 2 groups. In the PDH group, the serum cortisol concentrations had a linear association with the leptin concentrations, and there were significant decreases in the leptin (P = .0039) and insulin (P = .0039) levels after trilostane treatment. However, the leptin and insulin levels remained higher after trilostane treatment than in healthy control dogs with similar body condition score.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Hypercortisolemia in dogs with PDH might upregulate the circulating leptin levels. However, a large population‐based study will be necessary to determine whether the upregulation of leptin is involved directly with the complications caused by HAC. 相似文献20.
Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Provides an Additional Benefit to a Low‐Dust Diet in the Management of Horses with Chronic Lower Airway Inflammatory Disease 
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下载免费PDF全文 N. Nogradi L.L. Couetil J. Messick M.A. Stochelski J.R. Burgess 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):299-306