共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 828 毫秒
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在人工气候室水培条件下，以玉米(Zea mays L.)杂交种F1户单4号及其亲本478和天四为材料，用根压力探针技术研究了正常供水和PEG-6000模拟－0.2 MPa水分胁迫条件下，玉米单根吸水能力及渗透吸水过程中水和溶质相互作用的基因型差异，结果表明，3个玉米品种在静水压驱动下的单根水流导度(包括径向导度和轴向导度)以及在渗透压驱动下的单根水流导度均为F1户单4号>母本天四>父本478，而水分胁迫普遍降低了单根水流导度；溶质NaCl存在条件下，根的透过系数为F1>母本>父本，而反射系数则趋势相反，水分胁迫并未显著降低根的透过系数，但显著提高了其反射系数。试验证明杂交种F1的单根吸水能力优于亲本，体现了杂种优势。 相似文献
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水分胁迫及复水条件下外源Ca2+对玉米幼苗根系水力导度及生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用10%PEG-6000模拟–0.2 MPa的水分胁迫,研究了外源Ca2+(在1/2 Hoagland营养液中添加10 mmol L-1 CaCl2)对水分胁迫7 d后及复水2 d,玉米幼苗整株根系水力导度(Lpr)、根系生长及叶水势(ψw)的影响。结果表明,正常水分条件下,外源Ca2+处理降低了Lpr,但对叶水势无影响;水分胁迫条件下,外源Ca2+显著提高了Lpr、叶水势,减缓了水分胁迫对植物的伤害;复水1 d,两种钙水平下Lp均无明显恢复,但Ca2+处理的Lpr显著高于对照,而叶水势无显著差异且均能恢复至正常供水时的水平;复水2 d,Ca2+处理的Lpr即能恢复至正常供水时的水平,对照仅恢复为正常供水时的59.06%。进一步用HgCl2检测表明,正常水分条件下外源Ca2+对水通道蛋白(AQP)活性没有影响;而水分胁迫下,外源Ca2+提高了AQP活性,对照AQP活性下降,说明水分胁迫时外源Ca2+促进了水分跨膜途径运输;复水2 d,外源Ca2+处理AQP活性恢复至正常供水时的水平,对照AQP活性未能恢复。另外,外源Ca2+处理减缓了水分胁迫对植物生长发育的抑制作用,促进了复水时侧根发育,增加根系吸水面积,为植株迅速恢复供水提供了形态学基础,增加了复水后的补偿效应。 相似文献
3.
一、优质品种龙谷25的选育 龙谷25是黑龙江省农科院作物育种所1976年以哈尔滨5号为母本,龙谷23为父本,进行品种间有性杂交育成。F1~F4代按照育种目标的性状要求,进行了连续选择。1979年秋季在F4代中,决选出整齐一致,综合性状优良的新品系,品系号为龙79~5503。1980…… 相似文献
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以玉米子粒高锌铁含量自交系NXR22（母本）、子粒低锌铁含量自交系NXR12（父本）及其配制的杂交种（F1）为供试材料,比较双亲及其后代不同穗位的叶片、茎秆及子粒中锌和铁含量、积累量在吐丝期与成熟期间的差异,解析亲子代锌铁吸收与分配特征。研究结果表明:不同基因型玉米叶片、茎秆、子粒中锌铁含量和积累量存在显著差异。F1不同穗位的叶片和茎秆锌铁含量介于双亲之间,且偏向于子粒锌铁含量高的亲本;锌铁积累量显著高于双亲,表现出明显的杂种优势。从吐丝期到成熟期3个供试材料不同穗位的叶片和茎秆锌铁含量和积累量均表现出一定程度的增加。F1子粒中锌含量及积累量偏向于母本,表现出杂种优势;铁含量介于双亲之间,更偏向于母本。 相似文献
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玉米穗期水分胁迫对产量和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在盆栽条件下,以6个玉米杂交种为试验材料,研究了玉米穗期正常供水、轻度和中度水分胁迫下产量和水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,简称WUE)的变化.结果表明,6个玉米品种的产量和耗水量的水分胁迫效应均显著,随胁迫程度加大,产量和耗水量均明显降低,但不同品种对水分胁迫的反应存在差异.轻度水分胁迫下,供试品种中有两个品种表现出产量下降幅度不大、且比耗水量下降幅度小、WUE有所提高的优良特性;中度水分胁迫下,6个品种均表现为产量大幅度下降,且远高于耗水量的下降幅度,导致WUE明显降低.相关分析表明,3种供水条件下,WUE与产量均呈显著正相关,与耗水量的相关性均不显著. 相似文献
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茄子青枯病是由青枯雷尔氏菌侵染引起的一种主要土传病害,可使茄子植株萎蔫死亡、大量减产,严重制约着中国茄子的生产。为探明茄子抗青枯病的遗传规律,本研究以茄子高感病自交系“Rf”为母本,高抗病自交系“BC01”为父本,构建F1、F2、BC1P1、BC1P2世代遗传群体,采用伤根灌根接种法进行抗病性表型鉴定,利用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对抗病遗传效应进行分析。结果表明,F2代各病级株数呈现多峰、偏态分布;茄子青枯病的抗性遗传规律符合2MG-EAD模型,由2对主基因控制,感病为显性;主基因在F2、BC1P1、BC1P2世代的遗传率分别为89.84%、43.19%、87.41%。研究结果为定位茄子抗青枯病主效基因,开发相关分子标记提供参考。 相似文献
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通过研究不同土壤含水量条件下马铃薯的植物学性状、生理指标和显微指标等,探讨马铃薯在干旱胁迫下的抗旱反应和抗旱生理机制。试验用‘青薯9号’和‘闽薯1号’2个品种,以T0 (CK)适宜水分（土壤相对含水量为70%~75%）为对照、其他土壤含水量分别为55%~60% (T1)、40%~45% (T2)、25%~30% (T3)和出苗后不再浇水(T4)等水分胁迫处理下,分析其植物学性状、生理指标和显微指标。试验结果：（1）水分胁迫对2个马铃薯品种的植物学性状（株高、茎粗、地上部分鲜重、地上部分干重、叶面积、根的鲜重、根的干重和根长）均有显著影响,随着土壤含水量的降低,‘青薯9号’和‘闽薯1号’2个品种的上述性状指标均有降低趋势,其中‘青薯9号’的株高、地上部分鲜重、地上部分干重、根的鲜重、干重和根长均大于‘闽薯1号’。（2）生理指标分析表明：在T2~T4水分胁迫下,马铃薯的脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等含量与对照T0相比有极显著差异(P<0.01);（3）显微结构分析表明：叶片的上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和栅海比均受到水分胁迫影响。该试验为马铃薯的抗旱栽培和育种提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为了明确木醋液对桃蚜短、长期影响,以桃蚜为试虫,用100倍稀释木醋液处理小白菜饲养蚜虫,测得桃蚜繁殖发育数据。结果显示,木醋液处理显著缩短桃蚜繁殖期,而F1代繁殖期比F0代繁殖期延长37%;F0代和F1代产蚜总量与对照组相比分别降低62%和66%;处理组F1代和F2代的存活率比对照组降低23%和24%,但F1代和F2代之间差异不显著;F1代寿命缩短25%,F2代差异不显著。本研究证明木醋液能够缩短桃蚜的繁殖期,延长其若蚜历期,整体缩短桃蚜寿命,降低子代存活率。总之,木醋液对桃蚜的生长发育和繁殖具有一定的抑制作用,但是这种抑制作用会随着施用频次增加而逐渐减弱,即木醋液的短期效应和长期效应存在差异,所以木醋液具有开发为生物农药的价值。 相似文献
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耐盐品种选育是改善次生盐渍化导致的菜心减产的措施之一,因此,对菜心耐盐品种进行筛选并明确其耐性机理。在对照及盐处理条件下,通过测定9个菜心品种的生长指标,初步比较品种间的耐盐性差异,并筛选出耐盐品种及敏盐品种。同时,比较在盐胁迫条件下耐盐品种及敏盐品种的光合特性、MDA含量、相对电导率、组织化学染色、SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性、根系活力、地上部及地下部硝酸盐含量及硝酸还原酶活性,初步阐明菜心的耐盐机理。对供试9个品种菜心的生长指标进行分析,筛选出耐盐品种连州F1及盐敏感品种金秋红二号红;与对照(15 mmol/LCa(NO3)2)处理相比,在80 mmol/L Ca(NO3)2胁迫下连州F1的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率的下降程度明显低于品种金秋红二号红;连州F1的相对电导率、MDA含量、O2-·、H2O2的含量在Ca(NO<... 相似文献
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C. Cocozza C. Pulvento A. Lavini M. Riccardi R. d'Andria R. Tognetti 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2013,199(4):229-240
Quinoa is a native Andean crop for domestic consumption and market sale, widely investigated due to its nutritional composition and gluten‐free seeds. Leaf water potential (Ψleaf) and its components and stomatal conductance (gs) of quinoa, cultivar Titicaca, were investigated in Southern Italy, in field trials (2009 and 2010). This alternative crop was subjected to irrigation treatments, with the restitution of 100 %, 50 % and 25 % of the water necessary to replenish field capacity, with well water (100 W, 50 W, 25 W) and saline water (100 WS, 50 WS, 25 WS) with an electrical conductivity (ECw) of 22 dS m?1. As water and salt stress developed and Ψleaf decreased, the leaf osmotic potential (Ψπ) declined (below ?2.05 MPa) to maintain turgor. Stomatal conductance decreased with the reduction in Ψleaf (with a steep drop at Ψleaf between ?0.8 and 1.2 MPa) and Ψπ (with a steep drop at Ψπ between ?1.2 and ?1.4 MPa). Salt and drought stress, in both years, did not affect markedly the relationship between water potential components, RWC and gs. Leaf water potentials and gs were inversely related to water limitation and soil salinity experimentally imposed, showing exponential (Ψleaf and turgor pressure, Ψp, vs. gs) or linear (Ψleaf and Ψp vs. SWC) functions. At the end of the experiment, salt‐irrigated plants showed a severe drop in Ψleaf (below ?2 MPa), resulting in stomatal closure through interactive effects of soil water availability and salt excess to control the loss of turgor in leaves. The effects of salinity and drought resulted in strict dependencies between RWC and water potential components, showing that regulating cellular water deficit and volume is a powerful mechanism for conserving cellular hydration under stress, resulting in osmotic adjustment at turgor loss. The extent of osmotic adjustment associated with drought was not reflected in Ψπ at full turgor. As soil was drying, the association between Ψleaf and SWC reflected the ability of quinoa to explore soil volume to continue extracting available water from the soil. However, leaf ABA content did not vary under concomitant salinity and drought stress conditions in 2009, while differing between 100 W and 100 WS in 2010. Quinoa showed good resistance to water and salt stress through stomatal responses and osmotic adjustments that played a role in the maintenance of a leaf turgor favourable to plant growth and preserved crop yield in cropping systems similar to those of Southern Italy. 相似文献
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Summary Homozygous and heterozygous Phaseolus vulgaris and P. acutifolius parental genotypes were hybridized to determine if genotypic diversity would aid gene transfer between these species. Certain P. vulgaris female parents resulting from diverse intraspecific crosses increased the frequency of species hybrids obtained. From a total of 19 self-sterile hybrids, 20 backcross-1 (BC1) lines (P. vulgaris recurrent parent) were produced from 4 partially female-fertile hybrids, each of which had a heterozygous P. vulgaris female parent. Heterozygous P. acutifolius male parents did not influence the frequency at which interspecific hybrids could be produced but apparently improved female-fertility. Fertility of the F1BC1 generation was highly variable. The frequency of fertile individuals increased in each subsequent backcross generation (F1BC2 and F1BC3).Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station Publication 9946. 相似文献
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Maize Genotypes Differing in Salt Resistance Vary in Jasmonic Acid Accumulation During the First Phase of Salt Stress 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. N. Shahzad B. Pitann H. Ali M. F. Qayyum A. Fatima H. F. Bakhat 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(6):443-451
Plant hormones are considered to play an important role in plant adaptation to drought and salt stress. The objective of the study was to investigate the changes in endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) in relation to differences in the salt resistance of maize genotypes. Two maize genotypes (SR 03 and Across 8023) were compared for changes in water relations, growth and tissue JA levels in response to 100 mm NaCl. Salt stress significantly reduced the shoot growth of both genotypes; however, SR 03 exhibited significantly less reduction in relative shoot fresh weight than Across 8023. Both genotypes showed an identical response to salt stress regarding plant water relations; therefore, genotypic differences in the salt resistance could not be attributed to changes in shoot turgor and these results were further confirmed by the response of both genotypes under equiosmotic stress (?0.49 MPa) of either 100 mm NaCl or PEG‐6000. GC‐MS/MS analysis showed that salt stress did not alter shoot JA levels of both genotypes, however significantly increased the root JA levels of Across 8023. In contrast, root JA levels of salt‐resistant SR 03 did not change by salt stress. Increase in root JA levels in response to stress treatments does not coincide with the growth inhibition of shoot in Across 8023. In contrast, both PEG and NaCl did not change the JA concentrations in both root and shoot tissues of SR 03. Growth assays with maize seedlings showed that JA supply in root medium inhibits shoot extension growth and both maize genotypes were sensitive to the inhibitory effects of JA. These results suggest that maize genotypes differ in JA accumulation during the first phase of salt stress and JA may indirectly be involved in leaf growth inhibition of the salt‐sensitive genotype. In addition, our results also showed that treatment of salt‐stressed plants with exogenous JA improved the Na+ exclusion by decreasing the Na+ uptake at the root surface. 相似文献
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A study was made on the inheritance of seed weight of tomato, and on the effect of seed weight on growth of tomato plants. Use was made of 15 parental genotypes and 105 F1s produced by diallel crossing (F1-seeds). From combining ability analysis of variance carried out for weight of F1-seeds it appeared that the weight of seeds harvested from tomato plants was mainly determined by the maternal genotype and largely independent of the genotype of the male parent. A combining ability analysis of variance for weight of seeds produced by seilfing F1's (F2-seeds) showed, however, that female and male parents contributed equally to the inheritance of seed weight and that the inheritance of seed weight is determined mainly by chromosomal additiveiy acting factors, but that also non-additive gene action occurred. Genotypes with large seeds produced heavier seedlings than genotypes with small seeds, In later growth stages, the correlation between seed weight and plant weight became smaller, presumably, due to a lower relative growth rate of the seedlings from large seeds. For this reason, it is doubtful whether breeding of large seeded tomato cultivars opens up prospects of improving growth and yield of tomato plants. 相似文献
15.
Larger particle volume is beneficial for many aspects of maize starch processing, and may improve the performance of some starch attributes. This study focused on the soft starch (h) locus to identify its potentially influential role in starch particle volume distribution. The objectives were to study the genetic expression of starch particle volume of the h locus in different genetic backgrounds and the gene action conditioning starch particle volume of other loci in both normal‐starch and h‐starch backgrounds. Forty‐five populations (five intra‐inbred F1s, 10 hybrid F1s 10 F2s, 10 BC1F1s to h/h parent, and 10 BC1 to h:h conversion of normal parent) were planted in 1993 at two locations and in 1995 at one location. Selfed heterozygotes (±/h) in all generations provided intra‐ear comparisons of normal and h starch, and F3 and BC1F2 generations provided inter‐ear comparisons. Significant differences were found between normal and h:h genotypes in all intra‐ear and inter‐ear comparisons. In all cases, general combining ability effects were highly significant, suggesting the presence of additive gene effects. Generation mean analysis of normal and h:h starch materials yielded similar results, indicating the predominance of additive and some dominance effects for other loci on starch particle volume. These results indicate the usefulness of the soft starch gene and additional genetic variation among inbreds in the improvement of starch particle volume for increased starch recovery in wet milling. 相似文献
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A Dactylis glomerata L. genotype that produces somatic embryos in vitro was tested for the ability to sexually transmit the embryogenic trait. Reciprocal crosses were performed between the embryogenic and two non-embryogenic genotypes. Leaf segments from 69 F1 plants were cultured on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium amended with 30 μM 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba). Somatic embryogenesis was expressed in 39 of the F1 plants. The embryogenic parent was female for 18 of these plants and male for the other 21. The 39:30 ratio of embryogenic: non-embryogenic fits an expected 1:1 for tetrasomic inheritance of a dominant nuclear gene. 相似文献
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M. Santalla M. Lema A. P. Rodiño A. M. González A. B. Monteagudo A. M. De Ron 《Euphytica》2005,142(1-2):85-95
Approaches are needed to broaden the genetic base and improve earliness and yield potential of large-seeded beans under sustainable cropping systems. The objective of this research was to develop adapted dwarf bean populations having a commercial seed quality and yield suitable for the production in the South of Europe. The original base populations were produced from crosses between genotypes within each Mesoamerica, Nueva Granada and Peru races, and between Peru and Nueva Granada, and Mesoamerica and Nueva Granada races. Visual mass selection for plant performance was practised in the F2 and F3 generations. In the F4 and F5, single plants were harvested under two cropping systems (sole cropping and intercropping with maize). From F4, selection was based on precocity, combined with seed yield and seed commercial type. The F4:7 selected lines from each original population were compared with their parents and five checks at four environments and two cropping systems. Differences among environments, populations, parents and checks were observed for all traits. Under intercropping with maize, there was a 50% reduction in seed yield. Yield of parents and checks belonging to Andean South American races, intraracial (Nueva Granada × Nueva Granada) and interracial (Nueva Granada × Peru) populations, was higher than that of those of Middle American origin. Intraracial crosses within large-seeded Andean South American (Peru race) and Middle American gene pools (Mesoamerica race) did not produce lines yielding more than the highest yielding parent. Only two large-seeded lines selected from crosses between small- and large-seeded gene pools out-yielded the best parent and check cultivar. 相似文献
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The most widespread disease of economic importance of cassava is caused by whitefly vector, both as a single strain or combination
of strains. A B1P2 family was generated from the crosses of an inter-specific F1 hybrid (CW 198-11) as a female parent with a commercial cassava cultivar (MTAI-8) as male parent at CIAT headquarters and
evaluated in a high-pressure zone for whiteflies in Colombia. 227 genotypes were scored using a scale ranging from 1 (no leaf
damage) to 6 (considerable leaf necrosis and defoliation, sooty mould on mid and lower leaves and young stems). The rest were
considered promising. The most promising resistance was for damage ratings below 2 for 17.8% of the genotypes. The availability
of the pest resistance genotypes, will serve as a means to combat the problem of CMD in Africa provided that resistance to
A. socialis is also effective against B. tabaci with different virus strains that is capable of been introduced. 相似文献
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普通玉米主要营养品质性状的遗传效应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用13个普通玉米自交系按NCⅡ设计（7×6）研究了普通玉米主要营养品质性状的遗传效应。结果表明，普通玉米主要营养品质性状的遗传受种子二倍体胚、三倍体胚乳、细胞质和二倍体母体植株4套遗传体系的控制；主要品质性状4套遗传体系的效应值之间无太大的差异，蛋白质、淀粉和赖氨酸含量的胚遗传效应全部体现为胚加性遗传效应，而4种品质性状的胚乳遗传效应则全部由胚乳显性遗传效应构成；母体遗传效应主要表现为母体加性效应；遗传效应预测值表明亲本9636、99S2041-1-1-1和478在普通玉米品质改良中可能有一定的应用潜力。结果还发现，不同品质性状间存在不同程度的遗传相关，因此对这些性状进行间接选择或杂种优势利用均可取得一定的效果。 相似文献