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1.
东北玉米苗枯病病原镰孢菌rDNA ITS鉴定 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
从东北地区采集引起玉米苗枯病的镰孢菌种群的菌株,选取12株形态及培养性状不同的菌株,采用rDNA ITS序列分析技术对供试菌株进行种类鉴定。结果表明,引起玉米苗枯病的主要致病镰孢菌有7个种,分别是拟轮生镰孢菌(Fusarium verticilliodes)、禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)、半裸镰孢菌(Fusarium semitectum)、尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、亚粘团镰孢菌(Fusarium subgiutinans)、层出镰孢菌(Fusarium proliferatum)及尚未确定种类的F11菌株。F11菌株与Genbank中的镰孢菌株FVS3(DQ885388)的同源性达到99.8%,该菌株与其他测试菌株ITS序列差异显著,可能是一个新的种类。 相似文献
2.
从东北地区采集玉米茎腐病标样90份,经分离纯化获得镰孢菌120株,在传统形态学鉴定的基础上,选取21株具有代表性菌株,采用基因组DNA的EF-1α序列分析技术进行镰孢菌种类的辅助鉴定。结果表明,引起玉米茎腐病的主要致病菌有4种,分别是轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides)、禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)、胶孢镰孢菌(Fusarium subglutinans)和层生镰孢菌(Fusarium proliferatum),分离频率分别为45.45%、36.36%、15.15%、3.03%。 相似文献
3.
东北三省大豆根腐镰孢菌种类及其致病力分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
于2007~2010年连续4年从东北三省大豆主产区采集大豆根腐病株,分离大豆根腐镰孢菌,并进行了形态学鉴定和致病力测定。结果表明,分离到的1199个镰孢菌菌株属于 8 个种,分别为尖镰孢菌（F. oxysporum）、 腐皮镰孢菌（F. solani）、 禾谷镰孢菌（F. graminearum）、 半裸镰孢菌（F. semitactum）、 轮枝镰孢菌（F. verticillioides）、燕麦镰孢菌（F. avenaceum）、木贼镰孢菌（F. equiseti）和厚垣镰孢菌（F. chlamydosporum）,其出现频率依次为36.45 %、25.35 %、11.43 %、10.76%、6.76%、4.42%、3.84%和1.00 %。以上8种镰孢菌在黑龙江省都存在,且在黑龙江省首次发现了厚垣镰孢菌。在吉林省没有分离到F. avenaceum和F. verticillioides,在辽宁省没有分离到F. avenaceum和F. chlamydosporum。以合丰25号大豆品种为接种材料进行的致病力测定结果显示：8种镰孢菌对大豆均有致病力,其中尖镰孢菌为强致病力,腐皮镰孢菌、禾古镰孢菌、半裸镰孢菌、燕麦镰孢菌、木贼镰孢菌和厚垣镰孢菌均为中等致病力,轮枝镰孢菌为弱致病力;8种镰孢菌引起的大豆根腐病症状不尽相同。 相似文献
4.
云南省玉米茎基腐病病原镰孢菌的种群结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从9个不同州市采取玉米茎基腐病病害样本分离纯化并鉴定其病原,分析云南省玉米茎基腐病的主要病原镰孢菌及分布情况,依据形态特征和rDNA-ITS序列分析,云南省玉米茎基腐病的病原包括Fusarium graminearum(40.74%)、F.verticillioides(37.96%)、F.fujikuroi(3.70%)、F.incarnatum(3.70%)、F.oxysporum(1.85%)、F.proliferatum(1.85%)、F.commune(5.55%)、F.chlamydosporum(2.78%)和F.redolens(1.85%)。F.graminearum和F.verticillioides为优势种,F.graminearum主要分布于昆明及其以东的地区,F.verticillioides主要分布于昆明市及其以西的地区,二者在云南的大部分地区均有分布;其余菌株出现频率均低于5.55%,仅分布在1~3个地区。 相似文献
5.
亚粘团镰孢霉引起的玉米顶腐病是我国玉米生产上的一种新病害。在室内采用菌丝生长速率法测定8种杀菌剂对亚粘团镰孢霉的抑菌效果。结果表明,25 g/L咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂的EC50最小,病原菌对其敏感性最高,抑菌效果最好;60 g/L戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂和80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂的EC50较小,病菌对其敏感性也较高,抑菌效果也较好;97%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂的EC50 最大,病菌对其敏感性最低,抑菌效果最差。通过温室种子包衣效果,生产上可使用25 g/L咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂和60 g/L戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂来防治玉米顶腐病。同时通过室内毒素平皿培养进一步明确了经咯菌腈、戊唑醇和多菌灵对玉米种子包衣处理后,不同浓度的亚粘团镰孢霉毒素滤液对玉米胚根和胚芽生长的影响。 相似文献
6.
为明确不同杀菌剂对甘蔗梢腐病病原菌的抑菌效果以便后续科学地指导病害防治,本文分别使用42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂,62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂,250 g/L苯醚甲环唑乳油,325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂,25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油,43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂,60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂和19%啶氧·丙环唑悬浮剂对甘蔗梢腐病病原菌拟轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides)采用菌丝生长速率法进行室内药剂筛选,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)观测不同杀菌剂对病原菌孢子与菌丝的影响。结果表明,不同杀菌剂对病原菌菌丝生长均有一定抑制作用。扫描电镜结果表明,经不同杀菌剂处理后,病原菌孢子和菌丝均有不同程度的溃烂、畸形、干瘪甚至穿孔。其中,19%啶氧·丙环唑悬浮剂和325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂的抑菌效果较好,抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为0.260μg/mL和0.042μg/mL;而62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂的抑菌效果较差,EC50高达2504.060μg/mL。供试药剂中,三唑类杀菌剂与甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂的复配剂抑... 相似文献
7.
以禾谷镰孢菌为研究对象，在室内测定不同浓度可溶性硅和不同杀菌剂及其互配对禾谷镰孢菌生长的影响。结果表明，可溶性硅浓度越大，对禾谷镰孢菌的抑制率越高，1 666.7 mg/L硅处理后对禾谷镰孢菌的抑制率达30.3%。40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺(0.008 mg/L)对禾谷镰孢菌的毒力最强(EC50=0.008 mg/L)，可溶性硅与40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺混配可明显降低对禾谷镰孢菌的抑制率，降幅为8.7%～12.87%；可溶性硅与5%香芹酚按不同比例混配对禾谷镰孢菌互作效应不同；可溶性硅与其他四种杀菌剂混配都能促进对禾谷镰孢菌的抑制。田间药效试验表明，除40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺外，其他5种杀菌剂与硅肥混合喷施防效和产量都高于单喷，其中，混合喷施2 000 mg/L可溶性硅肥+25%吡唑醚菌酯防效最好，增产最高。 相似文献
8.
尖镰孢菌和禾谷镰孢菌引起的大豆根腐病生物防治研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以大豆与禾谷类作物轮作体系中引起大豆根腐病的尖镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)和禾谷镰孢菌(F.graminearum)为研究对象,测试分离于大豆和小麦根部及根际土壤的生防菌对2种病原菌防治效果.结果表明:拮抗试验中所测试的生防菌对2种镰孢菌抑菌效果差异不显著,生防菌HJ-ZT1、HJ-MM7、HJ-ZT2、CH-Tr... 相似文献
9.
在所有病害中,能明显降低玉米产量、分布最广的是根腐病和播后种子霉烂病。在摩尔多瓦玉米根腐病和茎腐病的主要病原菌是镰刀菌属Fusarium中的优势种串珠镰孢(F.moniliforme)、赤霉链孢(F.graminearum)、尖镰孢霉(F.oxysporum)和F.gibosum。为防治病原菌随播种材料传播,可采用杀 相似文献
10.
温度对接种不同镰刀菌的马铃薯干腐病发展的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贮藏期马铃薯干腐病由几种镰刀菌引起,其中最重要的是深篮镰孢霉 (Fusarium coe-ruleum)、接骨木镰孢霉)F.sambucinum)、拟单端镰孢霉(F.trichcioides)和燕麦细镰孢霉(F.avenacem)。在南非尖镰孢霉(F.oxysporum)及茄腐皮镰孢霉(P.solani)是干腐病的主要病原菌,其次是接骨木镰孢霉、木贼镰孢霉(F.equiseti)、F.acuminatum、禾赤霉镰孢(F.graminearum)、钩状镰孢霉 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
12.
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
19.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
20.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献