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《中国兽医学报》2015,(8)
为探讨高钒对雏鸡肝脏生长、结构和几个重要酶活性的影响,选用1日龄AA肉鸡健雏420只,随机分为6组,每组70只,分别饲以对照日粮(钒0.073 mg/kg)和高钒日粮(钒5 mg/kg,高钒Ⅰ组;钒15 mg/kg,高钒Ⅱ组;钒30mg/kg,高钒Ⅲ组;钒45mg/kg,高钒Ⅳ组;钒60mg/kg,高钒Ⅴ组)共计6周,以实验病理学和生化试剂盒检测的方法观察研究雏鸡肝脏变化。结果显示,与对照组比较,高钒Ⅱ组肝脏质量在试验第2,3和4周显著降低,高钒Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组肝脏质量在整个试验期间显著降低,同时高钒Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肝细胞出现颗粒变性和空泡变性;高钒Ⅳ、Ⅴ组ATP酶活性显著降低,而血清ALT、AST酶活性显著升高;高钒Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血液葡萄糖和肝脏糖原含量减少。上述结果表明,日粮钒含量超过30mg/kg时可使雏鸡肝脏受损,肝功能降低。 相似文献
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This paper presents an environmental exposure assessment model for estimating chronic intake of vanadium (a transition metal) by cattle farmed extensively in areas contaminated by vanadium pollutants. The exposure model differs from most other models in several ways: (1) it does not rely heavily on extrapolating information from the point source (e.g. stack height, exit velocity, exit diameter) to the point of exposure. (2) It incorporates the physiological constraints of the species exposed. (3) It takes into account oral as well as inhalation exposure. (4) It addresses terrain, by using measurements at the point of exposure. (5) It accounts for existing background concentrations of pollutants and pollutants from multiple sources. (6) It uses a stochastic process with distribution functions to account for variability in the data over time. Environmental inputs into the model included aerial fall-out sample vanadium (n = 566), unwashed grass sample vanadium (n = 342) and soluble soil sample vanadium (n = 342). Physiological cattle inputs were derived from two cohorts of Brahman-cross sentinel cattle (n = 30). The model provided an estimate of the chronic external exposure dose of vanadium for two separate groups of cattle grazing over a 5-year period (1999–2004) immediately adjacent (median dose = 2.14 mg vanadium/kg body weight/day) and 2 km away (median dose = 1.07 mg/kg/day) from a South African vanadium-processing plant, respectively. The final output of the model is a distribution curve of the probable vanadium intake based on the variability within the inputs over the 5-year period of the study. The model is adaptable enough for application to other transition metals and species (including man), and could be used as an alternative to plume-dispersion modelling. 相似文献
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选择1日龄闽中麻鸡256羽,预饲1周后随机分为4组:A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C、D组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加20、40和80 mg/kg的钒。试验期42 d。于14,21,28,35和42日龄每组随机取鸡6羽,解剖取肝和胰腺称重并取材,制作石蜡切片和超薄切片,研究不同钒水平对动物消化腺平均质量、器官指数及组织结构的影响。结果B组的肝和胰腺平均质量均高于A组,C组和D组肝脏的平均质量均低于A组,部分日龄差异显著(P<0.05);C组和D组的器官指数大于A组,部分日龄差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。B组比A组的肝细胞线粒体和粗面内质网发达;胰腺的亮胰岛多且大。C组和D组的肝和胰腺出现细胞肿胀、变性、坏死等不同程度的病变。结果表明,在动物的日粮中添加20 mg/kg钒可以改善消化腺的组织结构,超过40 mg/kg会影响消化腺的发育,80 mg/kg损伤消化腺的组织结构。 相似文献
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Joo-Min Kim Jin-Young Chung Sook-Yeon Lee Eun-Wha Choi Min-Kyu Kim Cheol-Yong Hwang Hwa-Young Youn 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(4):391-395
The hypoglycemic effects after oral administration of vanadium have been studied previously in many species such as rats, mice and even humans. However, there has been no prior report on the glucose lowering effect of vanadium on diabetic dogs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of oral vanadium on diabetic dogs. Diabetes mellitus in the dogs studied was induced by alloxan monohydrate intravenous injection. The dogs were divided into two groups, one was the diabetic control (DC) group (n = 4) and the other was the vanadium treated (DV) group (n = 6). Fresh water was supplied to the dogs in the DC group, but sodium metavanadate solution (0.1~0.2 mg/ml) was given to the dogs in DV group from one week after the alloxan injection. The fasting glucose levels, fructosamine and serum chemistry profiles were compared between the two groups weekly for three weeks. The fasting blood glucose levels in DV group were significantly lower than those in the DC group (p < 0.01). Fructosamine levels in the DV group were also lower than those in the DC group (p < 0.05). The serum chemistry profiles were not significantly different in comparisons between the two groups. However, the cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the DV group compared to the DC group (p < 0.05). Our findings showed that oral vanadium administration had a hypoglycemic effect on chemically induced diabetic dogs. 相似文献
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取1日龄AA肉仔鸡144只，随机分为对照组和试验组，在试验组鸡的基础日粮中按0、30mg／kg添加钒。试验期共42d，每周末从每组取鸡6只，称重后扑杀，取胸腺、腔上囊和脾称重，Bouin液固定，制作石蜡切片，观察、摄像，研究钒对肉鸡胸腺、腔上囊和脾等免疫器官质量、器官指数和组织结构发育的影响。结果显示，试验组鸡的胸腺、腔上囊和脾平均质量和器官指数显著或极显著高于同日龄对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；试验组鸡的胸腺小叶皮质增厚，胸腺小体增多；腔上囊皱襞发达，腔上囊淋巴滤泡体积较大、皮质较厚、退化延缓；脾小结体积较大、生发中心明显，动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚，椭球增大。结果表明，在肉雏鸡的日粮中添加钒30mg／kg，可促进胸腺、腔上囊和脾的发育，延缓腔上囊的退化。 相似文献
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取1日龄闽中麻鸡256羽,随机分为4组,A组为对照组,B、C、D组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0、20、40和80 mg/kg的钒.试验期42 d,每周末从各组取鸡6羽,称重后扑杀,取胸腺、腔上囊和脾称重.Bouin液固定,制作石蜡切片,显微观察、摄影.结果表明,B组的胸腺、腔上囊和脾的平均质量和器官指数均高于A组,C、D组的胸腺、腔上囊和脾的平均质量和器官指数均低于A组,部分差异显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01).B组的胸腺小叶增大、皮质增厚,胸腺小体减少;腔上囊皱襞发达,腔上囊小结体积较大、皮质较厚;脾小结增多、增大,动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚.C、D组免疫器官均有不同程度的病理变化,D组较为明显.结论:在动物基础日粮中添加钒20 mg/kg可促进胸腺、腔上囊和脾的发育,延缓腔上囊的退化;添加40 mg/kg免疫器官发育受到影响,80 mg/kg抑制了免疫器官发育. 相似文献
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Gummow B Botha CJ Noordhuizen JP Heesterbeek JA 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2005,72(3-4):281-290
Forty-two adult Brahman-cross cattle farmed extensively in two groups, immediately adjacent to and 2 km from a vanadium processing plant respectively, were slaughtered over a 5 year period at a nearby abattoir. Cattle were being exposed to vanadium at close to no-adverse-effect levels. The dose of vanadium that cattle were taking in prior to slaughter was calculated for each animal from environmental and physiological data using a stochastic risk assessment model. The median exposure doses in the month prior to slaughter ranged from 0.55 to 2.73 mg vanadium/kg body weight/day. A range of tissues was taken from the cattle at slaughter for vanadium determination and tissue levels of vanadium in muscle, liver and kidney are reported. The concentrations of vanadium in the milk of cattle from the same farm sampled over 5 years are also reported. Concentrations were further modelled using a lognormal distribution function to look at possible extreme values that are likely to occur. The concentrations of vanadium in commonly consumed tissues ranged from <0.05 to 11.51 mg/kg (wet-mass basis). The median concentration of vanadium in milk was 0.23 mg vanadium/kg. People drinking milk were at highest risk. The potential oral daily intake of vanadium for people consuming these foodstuffs was modelled using a stochastic model. The model predicted that there is less than a 5% chance that the potential daily intake of vanadium from milk will be >0.44 μg/kg/day for adults. Based on this upper limit it was concluded from current knowledge of toxicity in humans that the tissue and milk residues from cattle should pose no health risk to the consumer. 相似文献
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Effect of dietary vanadium and vitamin C on egg quality and antioxidant status in laying hens 
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下载免费PDF全文 J. P. Wang K. R. He X. M. Ding Y. H. Luo S. P. Bai Q. F. Zeng Z. W. Su Y. Xuan K. Y. Zhang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(3):440-447
This study assessed the effect of dietary vanadium (V) and vitamin C (VC) on production performance, egg quality and antioxidant status in laying hens. A total of 360 laying hens (31‐week‐old) were randomly allotted into a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement treatments (four replicates and 10 chicks per replicate) with three levels of dietary V (0, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin C (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. The effect of V and VC did not alter egg production, egg weight, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio during 1–12 week. Albumen height and Haugh unit value were linearly decreased (p < 0.001) by addition of V, whereas the effect of 100 mg/kg VC was observed to counteract (p < 0.05) this effect in V‐containing treatments during 1–12 week. Hens fed V‐containing diet laid lighter (linear effect, p < 0.05) coloured eggs (higher lightness value, lower redness and yellowness value), and the VC exerted no influence on it during 1–12 week. The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities, ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical, were significantly decreased, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and V contents were increased (p < 0.05) by effect of V during 4, 8 and 12 week. The effect of VC alone and the interactive effect between VC and V were shown to increase serum (p < 0.05) SOD activity in 4 week and decrease MAD levels in 12 week. The result indicate that V decreased the egg quality and caused the oxidative stress at level of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, and the addition of 100 mg/kg vitamin C can alleviate its egg quality reduction effect and can mitigate the oxidative stress to some extent. 相似文献
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Effects of vanadium supplementation on performance,some plasma metabolites and glucose metabolism in Mahabadi goat kids 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. Zarqami M. Ganjkhanlou A. Zali K. Rezayazdi A. R. Jolazadeh 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):e972-e977
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of vanadium (V) supplementation on performance, some plasma metabolites (cholesterol and triglycerides) and glucose metabolism in Mahabadi goat kids. Twenty‐eight male kids (15 ± 2 kg body weight) were fed for 14 weeks in a completely randomized design with four treatments. Treatments were supplemented with 0 (control), 1, 2, and 3 mg V as vanadyl sulfate/animal/daily. On day 70, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was conducted. Dry matter intake did not change by V supplementation, but adding V quadraticaly improved feed efficiency (p = .03) and tended to increase average daily gain (Quadratic, p = .09). Blood metabolites were unaffected by V supplementation, except for concentration of glucose in plasma, which decreased linearly as supplemental V level increased (p = .02). Plasma glucose concentrations at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after glucose infusion were decreased in a quadratic fashion in response to increasing supplemental V level (p < .01). The IVGTT indicated that the kids supplemented with 2 mg V had higher glucose clearance rate (K) and lower glucose half‐life (T½; p < .05). Glucose area under the response curve from 0 to 60 min and 0 to 180 min after glucose infusion were decreased linearly (p = .04) by supplemental V. The results suggested that moderate supplementation of V may improve glucose utilization and feed efficiency in fattening kids. 相似文献
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盐酸苯肼-1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二磺酸-氯酸钾反应体系用于测定玉米中的痕量钒 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钒作为一种重要的痕量元素,在极低浓度时,是人体必需的营养素之一,它具有刺激机体造血功能,抑制胆固醇合成的作用,对心血管疾病的发生以及肾功能有重要影响,但人体中钒的浓度较高时,可造成神经压抑、呕吐、腹泻、贫血,并会增加眼和肺受到损害的风险[1]。文献已报导测定钒的方法 相似文献
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Radiotracer techniques were used to investigate the influence of dietary stable V on the excretion, distribution and blood clearance kinetics of 48V in 14 rams averaging 58 kg body weight. Rams were fed a basal diet with added levels of 0, 50 or 200 mg/kg V as NH4 VO3 for 25 wk before either oral or iv administration of the isotope. A three-compartment model was determined by graphical logarithmic analysis of blood disappearance data from iv-dosed rams and compared with a simultaneous multicompartment model, which made it possible to ascribe physiological processes to the components of the graphical model. The principal route of excretion of 48V administered iv was via urine, whereas the isotope given orally was excreted almost entirely by way of feces, resulting in low tissue and urinary 48V levels. Increasing dietary V increased (P less than .05) the percentage of dose excreted in urine regardless of dosing route, but dietary V had no effect on 48V excreted in feces. Stable dietary V had no effect on blood clearance rates of orally or iv-dosed rams. Dietary V addition decreased 48V concentration in kidney (P less than .01), liver, spleen, testes and muscle (P less than .05) of iv-dosed rams, but had no effect in rams dosed orally. Kidney, bone, liver and spleen retained the highest levels of 48V activity 144 h after dosing. Dietary V appeared to have a minimal effect on V kinetics in rams. 相似文献