共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 613 毫秒
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为获取建立溶质运移模型所需的土壤溶质浓度参数,根据土壤溶液电导率与溶液浓度c的线性关系,应用电流电压四端法,研制出一种多点土壤电导率实时监测系统。该系统硬件部分自行设计的四针微型探头可减小对溶质运移的扰动,且可高密度分布在土壤中;连接8路电导率探头和1路温度探头的高精度数据采集器DAB能够实现8通道土壤电导率测量及温度辅助测量,并可通过485总线接口实现系统规模的扩展。采用VC开发的监测显示平台能够完成采集器参数设置,数据采集、显示与存储功能。通过对采集器通道和探头的标定,有效解决了多点土壤电导率实时监测的一致性问题。标定试验结果表明,数据采集器8通道电导测量值与标准电导的相关系数为0.999 5,表明通道标定后有效提高了其测量准确度,减小了各通道测量差异;通道标定后采集器各通道测量的标准溶液电导G与其电导率σ具有良好的线性关系,但不同电导率条件下探头的测量结果存在较为明显的偏差,说明探头制作过程引起的结构差异不可忽略,进而采用分段标定方法对每一个探头的结构常数进行标定。 相似文献
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非接触式激光地面不平度仪的设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]为获取地面不平度数据用来研究耕作地面的土壤风蚀情况、含水量情况、土壤与轮胎耦合情况,设计了一种非接触式测量仪器。[方法]仪器主要由运动测试台架、数据采集、虚拟控制3部分组成。采用基于激光三角测距原理的传感器进行距离测量,利用采集设备将数据传送至上位机显示、储存和处理。基于Lab VIEW软件创建虚拟操作平台,控制带有测量设备的运动测试台完成扫描定位,测量时根据不同要求改变1~100 mm不等的采样间隔。对测试仪进行了精度检验试验。[结果]试验结果表明:地面不平度仪的测试精度在±2 mm的精度范围内,试验测量数据均方根误差为0.16 mm,地面不平度仪能够准确测量不平度数据。对于测试得到的数据进行零均值化预处理,减小了测量不利因素带来的影响。[结论]非接触式地面不平度仪能够精确测量地面不平度数据,实现自动化测量,为进一步的理论研究提供测量基础。 相似文献
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车载行进式农田土壤压实度实时测量系统 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
基于应变片测力原理研制了一种新型嵌入式土壤压实度传感器和车载行进式农田土壤压实度实时测量系统。该系统将微型压力传感器嵌入到锥体前部,直接测量行进过程中锥头受到的土壤阻力,简化了测量结构,提高了系统的复合度。以超低功耗MSP430单片机作为内核的数据采集器实现了多路模拟信号的测量,2个串口分别用于与上位机的通讯和GPS信号的接收,采用PDA作为数据处理、存储以及显示终端。传感器实验室标定结果表明,嵌入式土壤压实度传感器输出电压与标准载荷具有良好的线性关系。田间试验结果表明,车载行进式农田土壤压实度实时测量系统工作稳定,土壤压实度测量结果与GPS信息融合效果良好,系统能够快速获取农田土壤压实度及其空间变异信息。 相似文献
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土壤水分空间分布快速测试仪器的开发 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
针对土壤墒情监测和指导田间变量灌溉的要求,研制开发了能同时测量采样点经纬度位置和土壤含水率(体积分数)的土壤水分空间分布快速测试仪.该测试仪由80C552微控制器、GPS接收机、水分传感器等几部分组成.测量得到的数据经串口传到上位机经过处理和分析后,采用GIS软件对采样点试验数据进行分析,生成土壤水分空间分布图.对地表下10cm深度土壤含水率的采样试验结果表明,2组测量数据在小范围内空间变异系数＜10%,说明仪器性能稳定可靠.该测试仪能为变量灌溉和墒情监测提供科学依据. 相似文献
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对于土壤温湿度数据采集系统的设计一般情况都使用MCS-51系列单片机作为系统的控制核心,结合数字温湿度传感器实现对相应数据进行采集工作,整个系统的设计成本相对比较低,本文设计的土壤温湿度数据采集系统采用AT89C51作为核心控制芯片,选取AD590与湿敏电容实现温湿度数据的采集测量,大大简化了系统的硬件尺寸大小,内部总线结构为CAN总线形式从而有利于强化系统的数据通信能力,具有精度高与线性特性好等特点。 相似文献
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基于激光测距传感器的基础上,设计开发了非接触式土壤表面不平度测试仪,由Labview软件编制了数据采集系统,测试仪沿着3个方向运动,采集了3种耕作方式下的土壤表面不平度数据。采用均方根法对采集数据进行分形维数的计算,获得了土壤表面不平度的分形特征。结果表明,犁耕表面分形维数均小于1.390,驱动耙耙地表面的分形维数均大于1.550,圆盘耙耙地表面的分形维数介于1.460～1.540,说明分形维数可以准确区分不同耕作方式下的土壤不平度。综合应用分形维数与表面不平度标准差能够准确描述土壤表面的不平度特征。 相似文献
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为了高效实时地采集农田信息,实现农业生产的精细管理,设计出一种基于GPS、EDGE和LabVIEW技术的农田信息远程采集与监测系统。该系统采用自行设计的基于单片机、GPS和传感器技术的多参数农田信息采集仪,实现对土壤含水量、土壤温度、土壤电导率、环境温湿度等农田信息的快速定位测量。通过EDGE模块,利用移动EGPRS技术覆盖面广、传输速度快、资费低等特点,将测量所得数据快速实时传送至上位机。该系统的上位机系统把EDGE模块接收的数据存入数据库,并对其进行分析。该系统通过应用多功能信息采集设备和高速网络传输技术,实现对农田信息的实时、高效、精确和低成本采集,对精细农业作业决策具有广泛的应用价值。 相似文献
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《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2009,65(2):333-337
Following the development of a dual-sensor horizontal penetrometer for the simultaneous measurements of soil water content and strength, an electrical conductivity (EC) sensor with a 4-ring Wenner-array was incorporated into the cone of the horizontal penetrometer. In order to overcome the cross-modulation of signals from water content and EC sensors, two filters with specific pass-bands were connected in each circuitry. Both laboratory calibration and field test were conducted, and the experimental results showed that the improved technique could provide more informative data to interpret soil physical conditions at field-scale. 相似文献
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The accuracy of a single sensor is often low because all proximal soil sensors respond to more than one soil property of interest. Sensor data fusion can potentially overcome this inability of a single sensor and can best extract useful and complementary information from multiple sensors or sources. In this study, a data fusion was performed of a Vis?CNIR spectrometer and an EM38 sensor for multiple soil properties. Stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal components analysis combined with stepwise multiple linear regression (PCA?+?SMLR) methods were used in three different fields. Soil properties investigated for data fusion included soil texture (clay, silt and sand), EC, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and carbon to nitrogen ratio (CN). It was found that soil property models based on fusion methods significantly improved the accuracy of predictions of soil properties measureable by both sensors, such as clay, silt, sand, EC and pH from those based on either of the individual sensors. The accuracy of predictions of TOC, TN and CN was also improved in some cases, but was not consistent in all fields. Among data fusion methods, PLSR outperformed both SMLR and PCA?+?SMLR methods because it proved to have a better ability to deal with the multi-collinearity among the predictor variables of both sensors. The best data fusion results were found in a clayey field and the worst in a sandy field. It is concluded that sensor data fusion can enhance the quality of soil sensing in precision agriculture once a proper set of sensors has been selected for fusion to estimate desired soil properties. More efficient statistical data analysis methods are needed to handle a large volume of data effectively from multiple sensors for sensor data fusion. 相似文献
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Stefan Patzold Franz Michael Mertens Ludger Bornemann Britta Koleczek Jonas Franke Hannes Feilhauer Gerhard Welp 《Precision Agriculture》2008,9(6):367-390
Crop protection seldom takes into account soil heterogeneity at the field scale. Yet, variable site characteristics affect
the incidence of pests as well as the efficacy and fate of pesticides in soil. This article reviews crucial starting points
for incorporating soil information into precision crop protection (PCP). At present, the lack of adequate field maps is a
major drawback. Conventional soil analyses are too expensive to capture soil heterogeneity at the field scale with the required
spatial resolution. Therefore, we discuss alternative procedures exemplified by our own results concerning (i) minimally and
non-invasive sensor techniques for the estimation of soil properties, (ii) the evidence of soil heterogeneity with respect
to PCP, and (iii) current possibilities for incorporation of high resolution soil information into crop protection decisions.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil texture are extremely interesting for PCP. Their determination with minimally invasive
techniques requires the sampling of soils, because the sensors must be used in the laboratory. However, this technique delivers
precise information at low cost. We accurately determined SOC in the near-infrared. In the mid-infrared, texture and lime
content were also exactly quantified. Non-invasive sensors require less effort. The airborne HyMap sensor was suitable for
the detection of variability in SOC at high resolution, thus promising further progress regarding SOC data acquisition from
bare soil. The apparent electrical conductivity as measured by an EM38 sensor was shown to be a suitable proxy for soil texture
and layering. A survey of arable fields near Bonn (Germany) revealed widespread within-field heterogeneity of texture-related
ECa, SOC and other characteristics. Maps of herbicide sorption and application rate were derived from sensor data, showing
that optimal herbicide dosage is strongly governed by soil variability. A phytoassay with isoproturon confirmed the reliability
of spatially varied herbicide application rates. Mapping areas with an enhanced leaching risk within fields allows them to
be kept free of pesticides with related regulatory restrictions. We conclude that the use of information on soil heterogeneity
within the concept of PCP is beneficial, both economically and ecologically. 相似文献
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利用ZigBee技术实现对农田土壤墒情信息实时监测与管理的系统设计,系统以超低功耗CC2430处理器芯片传感器节点、通信软件和监控系统软件实现系统的数据采集、数据传输层、数据处理层和信息发布,以无线方式部署并通过Web方式远程提供数据实现土壤信息监测信息的自动连续采集、智能化监测、网络化管理。通过实例应用表明,基于ZigBee技术的农田土壤信息监测系统可靠、实用,有利于野外实施和维护,且具有成本低廉、功耗低、数据通信稳定等特点。 相似文献
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Pengcheng YuChangying Li Glen RainsTakoi Hamrita 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,77(2):195-203
This paper reports a complete impact data acquisition, processing, and analyzing software system that applies on the hardware platform of the Berry Impact Recording Device (BIRD). The software has three major sections that correspond to the hardware: The BIRD sensor program, the interface box program, and the computer software i-BIRD. The sensor program samples acceleration data from three axes and records them as single impacts with a maximum sampling rate of 3.0 kHz. Users can configure the sensor via the i-BIRD computer software, with different options of sampling frequencies (682-3050 Hz) and thresholds (0-205 g, where g is the gravitational acceleration). The data recorded can be downloaded, processed and graphically displayed on the computer. A real time clock was created using the interrupt service routine provided by the microcontroller. The accuracy of the sensor’s clock was calibrated with an error of 0.073%, which was adequate to record impact data in this application. The shape of impact curves recorded by the BIRD sensor at three sampling frequencies (682, 998, and 1480 Hz) matched well with the curves recorded by a high frequency (10 kHz) data logger with the maximum root mean squared error of 4.4 g. The velocity change had a relative error less than 5%. With confirmation of all those performances, the software system enabled the BIRD to be a useful tool to collect impact data during small fruit (such as blueberry) mechanical harvest. 相似文献
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研究了一种新的用于土壤水分测量的边缘电场平面传感器,设计了平面电容土壤水分传感器的调制检测电路和数据处理系统,通过参数优化可以得到一种能够实现在线测试的土壤水分传感器及检测仪器.试验表明,随着土壤含水量的变化,其传感器的响应有较大的变化,且在低于25%的含水量范围,土壤含水量与被电压之间近似呈线性关系. 相似文献
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Pengcheng YuChangying Li Glen RainsTakoi Hamrita 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,79(2):103-111
Bruising caused by the impact damage occurs frequently during mechanical harvest process for highbush blueberries. The overall goal of this study was to develop a miniature and low-cost sensor prototype to quantitatively measure the impact forces endured by blueberries during the mechanical harvest process, which could be used to reduce blueberry bruising through improved harvester design. The sensing system developed in this study had three essential components: the sensor, the interface box, and the computer software program. The round circuit board of sensor is less than one inch (19.4 mm), including three accelerometers with ±500 g sensing range in each orthogonal axis, one eight-bit microcontroller, one 128 KB memory chip, and other electronic components with low power consumption. The sensor board and rechargeable battery were cast into a one inch (25.4 mm) sphere using silicone rubber. The interface box serves as the intermediate communication platform to connect the sensor and the computer. The PC-software retrieves data from the sensor via the I2C communication and downloads data to a computer for further analysis via the RS232 communication. The sensor was calibrated using a centrifuge. The accuracy of the sensor output was 0.53% (2.60 g maximum deviation) and −0.33% (−1.26 g maximum deviation), with precision error of 0.63% (3.21 g) in the output span. This miniature and low-cost sensor prototype provides the opportunity to understand how the berry (or other small fruits) interacts with different machine parts within the harvester and to identify critical control points that cause the most mechanical impacts, which was not achievable in the past. 相似文献