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1.
调亏灌溉对膜下滴灌菘蓝生长发育和产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
2019年在河西绿洲冷凉灌区民乐县益民灌溉试验站进行了调亏灌溉对膜下滴灌菘蓝生长动态、产量和水分利用效率影响的大田试验研究。在苗期充分供水条件下,以全生育期充分供水(75%～85%的田间持水量)为对照,在营养生长期进行轻度、中度和重度水分调亏,在肉质根生长期进行轻度和中度水分调亏,在肉质根成熟期进行轻度水分调亏,分别测定了水分调亏菘蓝农艺性状的阶段性改变、干物质积累和分配、产量及水分利用效率。结果表明,在营养生长期和肉质根生长期对菘蓝进行中度和重度水分调亏、成熟期进行轻度水分调亏均会显著降低其株高、主根长、主根直径和叶面积指数(P0.05),而营养生长期和肉质根生长期对菘蓝进行轻度调亏其株高、主根长、主根直径和叶面积指数与对照处理间无显著差异(P0.05)。营养生长期以及肉质根生长期进行中度水分调亏和重度水分调亏会降低菘蓝干物质积累量,降幅为3.11%～15.67%,而轻度水分调亏则不会显著影响其干物质积累量。WT1和WT4处理的经济产量与对照无显著差异,其值分别为8 554.18,8 398.70 kg/hm~2,其他各处理均导致菘蓝经济产量降低,降幅为6.89%～18.33%,WT4处理的水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率最高,比对照提高7.91%和7.39%。因此,在营养生长期—肉质根生长期施加连续轻度水分调亏,其他生育期充分供水是实现河西绿洲冷凉灌区菘蓝节水高产高效灌溉制度。  相似文献   

2.
调亏灌溉下菘蓝耗水量变化特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
[目的]研究膜下滴灌调亏灌溉对河西地区菘蓝耗水量和产量的影响,为干旱、半干旱区菘蓝的高产种植提供理论依据。[方法]通过大田试验分析耗水量和产量变化。[结果]在营养生长期和肉质根生长期各处理的耗水量呈现出随着水分亏缺程度的加剧逐渐降低,与CK相比显著降低(4.11%～15.71%,p0.05)。耗水强度变化规律基本呈现出苗期最小(约0.90 mm/d),肉质根成熟期较大(约1.60 mm/d),营养生长期和肉质根生长期最大(约3.00 mm/d)。WD_4(营养生长期和肉质根生长期轻度亏水)处理的菘蓝产量与CK无显著(p0.05)差异,达到8 235.32 kg/hm~2,WD_1(营养生长期轻度亏水)处理的水分利用效率最高[23.62 kg/(hm~2·mm)],WD_4处理次之,且比CK提高6.74%,即WD_4处理为最优处理。[结论]轻度水分亏缺可以有效降低菘蓝各生育期的耗水量,提高菘蓝产量和水分利用效率。而重度水分亏缺则导致土壤水分显著降低,不利于菘蓝生长。  相似文献   

3.
为探究省力化栽培模式下库尔勒香梨园适宜的灌溉制度，依据4种灌溉定额(3 750,5 250,6 750,8 250 m3/hm2)条件下2年香梨的田间试验数据，通过冠层覆盖度、土壤含水量和蒸散强度(ETa)和产量指标，确定AquaCrop模型参数。设置不同灌水场景，综合考虑产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率，利用AquaCrop模型优化香梨灌溉制度。结果表明：Y2W3处理产量高出其余处理3.87%～16.86%,Y2W1处理水分利用效率高出其余处理2.88%～27.20%;AquaCrop模型模拟与试验地实测结果的决定系数(R2)、均方根误差(RMSE)、标准均方根误差(NRMSE)、拟合度指数(d)和Nash效率系数(NSE)评价指标表明，冠层覆盖度R2变化范围为0.89～0.93,土壤含水量d为0.92～0.98,ETa的RMSE为1.06～1.61 mm/d; AquaCrop模型预测15种不同场景，灌溉定额7 200 m3/h...  相似文献   

4.
为探究膜下滴灌调亏对河西绿洲洋葱品质和产量的影响,以"红宝903"洋葱为试验材料,采用不同生育期和不同梯度调亏灌溉方式二因素随机区组试验设计,共9个处理。在每个生育期测定洋葱光合参数,收获后测定洋葱产量及品质。结果表明:(1)发叶和鳞茎膨大期水分亏缺显著降低了洋葱叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和胞间CO_2浓度,且降幅随水分亏缺程度加大而增大。(2)水分亏缺造成洋葱产量不同幅度降低,调亏处理中成熟期轻度水分亏缺产量最高(47 940 kg/hm~2),其次为苗期轻度水分亏缺(46 521 kg/hm~2),分别较充分灌溉降低5.93%和8.71%(P0.05)。(3)苗期轻度水分亏缺灌溉水利用效率最高(58.84 kg/m~3),成熟期轻度水分亏缺次之(52.60 kg/m~3),分别较充分灌溉显著提高36.14%和21.70%(P0.05)。(4)苗期轻度水分调亏处理的洋葱综合品质最佳,其紧实度、洋葱油、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C和丙酮酸含量较生育期充分灌溉提高3.06%,2.50%,10.40%,17.57%,4.35%和6.06%。因此,综合考虑产量、水分生产效率、产值及果实品质等指标,通过运用主成分分析法进行综合评价,表明洋葱最佳水分调控处理为苗期轻度水分胁迫,即在苗期保持土壤相对含水率70%～75%、其余生育期土壤相对含水率为80%～85%。该研究可为实现河西走廊绿洲灌区洋葱高效节水栽培和产业化发展提供理论与技术参考。  相似文献   

5.
The objective of this research was to study the effect of irrigation levels (five levels from 102 to 457 mm of water) on the physical and chemical properties and ethanol fermentation performance of maize. Twenty maize samples with two crop rotation systems, grain sorghum–maize and maize–maize, were harvested in 2011 and evaluated at the Kansas State University Southwest Research‐Extension Center near Garden City, Kansas, under a semiarid climate. Results showed that maize kernel weight, density, and breakage susceptibility decreased as irrigation level decreased. Starch contents of maize samples grown under a low irrigation level were approximately 3.0% lower than those under a high irrigation level. Protein contents ranged from 9.24 to 11.30% and increased as irrigation level decreased. Maize flour thermal and rheological properties were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and the Micro Visco‐Amylo‐Graph‐U device. Starch gelatinization temperature increased significantly as irrigation level decreased, whereas starch pasting viscosity decreased as irrigation level decreased. Free amino nitrogen (FAN) was significantly affected by irrigation level: it increased as irrigation decreased. Ethanol fermentation efficiency ranged from 90.96 to 92.48% and was positively correlated with FAN during the first 32 h of fermentation (r2 = 0.645). Deficit irrigation had a negative impact on ethanol yield. The maize with lower irrigation yielded about 4.0% less ethanol (44.14 mL/100 g of maize) than maize with high irrigation (45.92 mL/100 g of maize). Residual starch contents in the distillers dried grains with solubles were in a range of 0.80–1.02%. In conclusion, deficit irrigation had a significant effect on physical properties, chemical composition, ethanol yield, and fermentation efficiency of maize.  相似文献   

6.
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water levels on water-use efficiency, yield and growth parameters of leek (Allium porrum L.) and was carried out in the practical research field of Ondokuz May?s University in Turkey. Different irrigation water levels were based on the weight changes of each pot and included 5 irrigation treatments [25% (I25), 50% (I50), 75% (I75), 100% (I100) and 118% (I118) times of consumed water]. Decreases in irrigation water resulted in decreases in plant height, stem diameter, leaf and stem fresh weights, leaf and stem dry weights and leaf area, but did not significantly affect leaf number or chlorophyll content. A yield-response factor of 1.26 was obtained, implying that the leek crop was sensitive to water stress caused by deficit irrigation. Comprehensive analysis of yield, water use efficiency, and evapotranspiration, the I75 treatment can be suggested for leek production in water-scarce regions.  相似文献   

7.
为探讨不同灌溉方式和灌水量对滴灌加工番茄生长特性、生理特性、产量及灌溉水利用效率的影响,寻求适宜新疆干旱地区加工番茄种植的灌水组合模式,优化干旱地区滴灌加工番茄种植管理。采用桶栽试验,设置3种灌溉方式,即分根区交替灌溉(APRI)、固定灌溉(FPRI)和常规灌溉(CI)分别与滴灌覆膜结合,在3个灌溉水平(充分灌溉1 060mm、中度亏水810mm和重度亏水560mm,APRI和FPRI的灌水量为CI的2/3)下对加工番茄株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、光合、荧光、产量、灌溉水利用效率的影响,并得出最佳灌水组合模式。结果表明:9个处理间加工番茄各生育期株高变化规律均为CW1AW1CW2AW2FW1CW3AW3FW2FW3(平均值);茎粗变化规律均为AW1 AW2CW1CW2 AW3FW1CW3FW2FW3(平均值);叶面积指数变化规律为AW1CW1CW2AW2FW1CW3AW3FW2FW3(平均值);株高、茎粗和叶面积指数的最大生长速率均表现为AW1CW1CW2AW2FW1FW2CW3AW3FW3;灌溉方式和灌水量交互作用对各生育期Pn和Tr均具有极显著影响(P0.01),在同一灌溉方式下,Pn和Tr均随着灌水量的增加而增加,在AW1处达到最大值。W1水平下,Pn和Tr变化为APRICIFPRI(平均值)。W2和W3水平下,Pn和Tr变化为CIAPRIFPRI(平均值);灌溉方式对加工番茄各生育期功能叶Fv/Fm、Fv/F0的影响显著(P0.01),对qp的影响显著(P0.05);灌水量对加工番茄各生育期功能叶Fv/Fm、Fv/F0的影响不显著(P0.05),对花果期及膨大期qp及NPQ的影响极显著(P0.01);灌溉方式和灌水量交互作用均对加工番茄各生育期荧光参数的影响达到极显著水平(P0.01)。其中,产量(Y)最大值出现在AW1处理,为3.41kg/盆;最小值出现在FW3处理,为1.31kg/盆,相对增加1.60倍。研究认为分根区交替灌溉充分灌水条件可作为适宜本地区的灌水组合模式,本研究可为新疆干旱区滴灌加工番茄高效节水生产提供科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
The millenia‐old existence of traditional, surface‐irrigated Omani mountain oases implies a remarkable sustainability of such systems in a hyperarid environment. This study was conducted in the mountain oasis of Balad Seet, situated in the Al‐Jabal‐al‐Akhdar mountains of northern Oman, to investigate the water‐use efficiency (WUE) of these oases and how farmers regulate it. In 2005, gas exchange of single leaves of 9–16 plants was measured for the most important perennial field crop alfalfa in both February and August, for the typical winter crop oat in February, and the dominating summer crop sorghum in August. The measurements were conducted five times a day in subplots irrigated the evening before and in the surrounding control plots, where plants had been withheld from irrigation for 14–16 d. Water deficit at the end of the irrigation interval reduced the stomatal conductance (gs) strongly in summer alfalfa, oat, and sorghum, but only slightly in winter alfalfa. In oat, the reduction of net photosynthetic rate (PN) at the end of the irrigation cycle was caused mainly by stomatal closure, in sorghum by nonstomatal factors and in summer alfalfa by both, whereas PN in winter alfalfa remained unaffected. The ratio of net photosynthetic rate to stomatal conductance (PN/gs), the “intrinsic water‐use efficiency”, increased in all investigated crops in response to drought because of a stronger reduction of gs than of PN. This increase was small in winter alfalfa, but much stronger in oat, sorghum, and summer alfalfa. The data indicate that alfalfa maintains a relatively high CO2 assimilation rate year‐round, contributing to a relatively high annual dry‐matter production. The decrease of the light intensity in the late afternoon caused by the shading effect of the surrounding mountains diminishes the crop evapotranspiration in the oasis.  相似文献   

9.
ABSTRACT

The present investigation was planned to determine the effect of deficit irrigation, mulching and poultry manure application on sorghum grain, forage yield and water-use efficiencies. Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt. Eighteen treatments comprising of two rates of rice straw as soil mulching (SM; zero and 10 ton per hectare), three irrigation treatments (I100% = 100%, I85% = 85% and I70% = 70% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and three poultry manure (PM) levels (0, 24 and 36 ton per hectare) were studied under controlled surface irrigation system. Sorghum growth attributes (plant height, stem diameter, leave area), grain and forage yield, water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE) were significantly (p < .05) affected by irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure application. Poultry manure resulted in a significant decrease in soil bulk density, electrical conductivity (ECe), soil pH, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity, useful pores, and water holding pores were increased. The results showed that underwater scarcity, application of (I85 × PM36× SM10) treatment was found to be favorable to save 15% of the applied irrigation water as compared to I100, at the time produced the same sorghum yields.  相似文献   

10.
为获得高寒荒漠区兼顾牧草产量和品质的较优灌水调控模式,推动微喷灌和调亏灌溉技术在人工草地生产中的应用,采用大田试验对比分析了2种种植模式(燕麦单播和燕麦+箭筈豌豆混播)与7种水分调控(拔节期轻度亏水65%～75%,拔节期中度亏水55%～65%,拔节期重度亏水45%～55%,开花期轻度亏水65%～75%,开花期中度亏水55%～65%,开花期重度亏水45%～55%,以全生育期充分灌水75%～85%为对照)对牧草产量、品质(茎叶比、粗蛋白含量与产量、酸性洗涤纤维ADF含量和中性洗涤纤维NDF含量)和水分利用效率的影响,并采用AHP层次分析法和熵权法对牧草多指标赋权,基于TOPSIS模型构建评价体系,以筛选较优水分调控模式。结果表明:(1)随水分亏缺程度的加剧,牧草产量呈降低趋势,同一灌水条件下,燕麦+箭筈豌豆混播的干草产量(7 811.1～14 490.1 kg/hm~2)高于燕麦单播(7 022.3～12 242.7 kg/hm~2)。(2)同一种植模式下,随灌水亏缺程度的提高,NDF和ADF含量呈先减小后增大的趋势,粗蛋白含量、产量和牧草WUE、IWUE呈先增大后减小的趋势。(3)综合评价得出,燕麦+箭筈豌豆混播在拔节期充分灌水+开花期中度亏水条件下可获得较优的节水增产提质效果(干草产量、粗蛋白含量、WUE和IWUE分别为14 330.2 kg/hm~2,10.66%,31.49 kg/(hm~2·mm)和80.96 kg/(hm~2·mm)),是高寒荒漠草原区微喷灌人工草地适宜的生产管理模式。  相似文献   

11.
Surface irrigation, including every-other and ordinary furrow irrigation is used more than pressurized irrigation due to the low cost and energy requirements. However, more precise selection of design parameters for efficient design of surface irrigation is required for higher irrigation efficiency and the accurate prediction of the infiltration rate is of prime importance. Furthermore, the infiltration parameters may be different in ordinary and every-other furrow irrigation in different inflow rates. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the parameters of Lewis–Kostiakov infiltration equation in ordinary and every-other furrow irrigation with different inflow rates based on the data obtained in the advancing stage (method I) and in both advancing and storage stages (method II). The results indicated that the Lewis–Kostiakov equation should be modified for furrow irrigation with different inflow rates Q by multiplication of Qγ except for the first irrigation in which Q multiplication is not needed. However, the value of exponent γ is lower when all data from the advancing and storage stages (method II) are used for calculation of the infiltration parameters. It is also concluded that the infiltration parameters for every-other furrow irrigation are higher than those for ordinary furrow irrigation. Furthermore, the data from the advancing and storage stages (method II) are more appropriate for the calculation of infiltration parameters than the data from the advancing stage (method I), due to the fact that in method II, data were calculated from complete furrow irrigation including advancing and storage stages.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Yield, water storage, and water use efficiency of irrigated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) were evaluated under four tillage systems and five irrigation regimens. The tillage systems are conventional tillage, reduced tillage, zero tillage, and manual tillage, and the irrigation regimens were created by using a line source sprinkler system. Reduced and conventional tillage produced higher yield and water use efficiency than zero and manual tillage (p<0.05). Reduced tillage produced the highest yield of 1.88 t/ha and had slightly higher yields than conventional tillage in the first four irrigation levels because of higher water storage and lower percolation than conventional tillage. Although manual tillage had high water storage and low percolation, the water was not beneficially used probably because of high evaporation leading to significantly (p<0.05) high soil moisture tension before irrigation. Zero tillage, on the other hand, resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower application efficiency due to higher runoff. Therefore, irrigated land requires some forms of mechanical tillage or water conservation measures for manually tilled land for improved water use efficiency.  相似文献   

13.
Field water stress is a common problem in crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid zones and it is widely hypothesized that silicon (Si) could reduce water stress in plants. We set up a greenhouse study to evaluate some silicon sources—potassium silicate (K2SiO3), calcium silicate (CaSiO3) and silica gel for growth and nutrient uptake by four grass species under adequate and deficit irrigation. The four species studied were Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana), Timothy grass (Phleum pratense), Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense) and Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). For all species, the biomass yield response to applied silicon under deficit irrigation was significantly better than under adequate irrigation. The yield response of Rhodes grass across silicon sources was 205% under deficit irrigation compared with only 59% under adequate irrigation; for Sudan grass it was 49% compared with 26% and for Timothy, it was 48% compared with a mere 1%. The higher responses under deficit irrigation suggest that the plants relied more on silicon to endure drought stress. Biomass yield of individual plants also differed according to soil water levels with Timothy grass being the most sensitive to water stress as it exhibited the highest yield response (209%) to adequate irrigation. This was followed by tall fescue (122%) and Rhodes grass (97%). Sudan grass was the least affected by deficit irrigation, possibly on account of improved root mass and its natural drought tolerance. Strong associations were noted between the uptake of silicon and those of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) irrespective of soil water condition, but the uptake of potassium (K) was more strongly correlated with that of Si under deficit than adequate irrigation. Improvements in plant growth following Si application could therefore be linked to enhanced uptake of major essential nutrients.  相似文献   

14.
板蓝根耗水特性和其产量及品质对膜下滴灌调亏的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
研究旨在通过大田试验了解水分调亏对膜下滴灌板蓝根生长、耗水规律、产量、水分利用效率及品质的影响。于2018年在甘肃河西中部的民乐县益民灌溉试验站开展板蓝根水分控制试验,在板蓝根苗期和肉质根生长期保持充分灌水,营养生长期和肉质根生长期分别进行不同梯度(轻度、中度和重度)的水分调亏处理,并测定各项生长指标、产量、水分利用效率和品质。结果表明:(1)营养生长期和肉质根生长期中度和重度水分调亏显著降低了板蓝根株高、叶片数、主根长和主根直径,且降幅随调亏程度的加剧而增大,而轻度水分调亏与对照组无显著差异。(2)板蓝根在营养生长期和肉质根生长期各处理的耗水量呈现出随着水分调亏程度的加重而逐渐降低趋势,与对照相比降低显著(P<0.05);耗水强度变化次序为营养生长期和肉质根生长期(约3.0 mm/d)>肉质根成熟(约1.5 mm/d)>苗期(约1.0 mm/d)。(3)营养生长期轻度水分调亏处理的板蓝根产量与水分利用效率最高,分别达到8475.38 kg/hm^2和23.33 kg/(hm^2·mm),营养生长期和肉质根生长期连续轻度水分调亏处理次之,其余水分调亏处理产量和水分利用效率均有所下降,且与对照组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。(4)在营养生长期和肉质根生长期轻中度连续水分调亏有利于靛蓝、靛玉红、(R,S)-告依春、多糖含量的提高,且与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),重度水分调亏处理各项指标均最低。因此,综合分析板蓝根产量、水分利用效率和品质可知,最优控水处理为营养生长期和肉质根生长期连续轻度水分调亏,即该阶段土壤相对含水率为65%~75%,可作为河西冷凉灌区板蓝根种植的最佳灌水策略。  相似文献   

15.
针对河套灌区宽畦田、大畦块导致的灌水效率低的问题,为探求变化环境下适宜畦田规格参数,通过不同畦宽下的精细水平畦灌灌水试验,分析了水流运动状态、灌水质量以及成本效益等变化情况。结果表明:(1)畦宽对土壤入渗水深以及灌水质量均有较大影响,畦宽为23m时水流推进时间延长,畦首入渗水深增大,有效水利用效率BWUF和灌水均匀度Du仅有59.78%~77.40%,84.61%~87.02%,灌水效果不佳;畦宽缩小到10~15m时,BWUF和Du分别增加11.96%~20.61%和2.49%~5.95%,灌水质量有显著提高;畦宽缩小到5m时,相对入畦单宽流量增大,大量灌溉水聚集在畦尾,使得畦尾入渗水深增加,畦首入渗不足,导致田面水流分布不均匀,灌水质量降低。(2)通过分析各处理成本构成以及产量效益情况,可以发现农业生产中花费最大的仍然是化肥、种子、地膜等其他费用,占到总种植成本Tc的70%以上;实施激光平地和缩宽等措施后田埂数量增加,导致机械成本较当地对照处理增加0.3~4.6倍,尽管水费略有减少,但Tc仍增加2.72%~9.98%。(3)在开展节水试验时,其节水效果和经济效益通常是矛盾的,节水效果好的方案往往经济效益较差,而节水效果较差的方案其经济效益反而会有所提高,建议在灌区推广节水新技术时按照1095~1665元/hm^2的补贴标准对农民发放节水补贴进而来增加农民积极性。(4)通过分析经济、节水效益不同权重组合下的综合效益函数,初步确定在进行方案优选时,若优先考虑节水可适当缩小畦宽,若优先考虑经济效益可适当放大畦宽,均可使其综合效益达到最大。研究结果可为灌区农业高效可持续发展提供理论依据。  相似文献   

16.
2017年和2018年在北疆滴灌春小麦栽培中,额定施氮量为纯氮300kg/hm2,设置3个调亏灌水量(水分不调亏E1:100%ET0;水分中度调亏E2:80%ET0;水分重度调亏E3:60%ET0)和2个小麦品种(水分敏感型X1:新春22;水分不敏感型X2:新春44),灌溉频率为7天1次。研究不同处理对滴灌春小麦土壤水分、硝态氮分布及产量的影响。结果表明:(1)水分重度调亏(E3)可以缓解0—40cm土壤水分和土壤硝态氮向深层流失,减少作物耗水量,提高水分利用效率。(2)新春22和新春44在土壤质量含水量、土壤硝态氮含量指标上无显著的品种间差异,小麦品种对于土壤理化性质的影响较小。(3)在水分中度调亏(E2)处理下,新春44(X2)能在节约大量灌水同时,提高水分利用效率,保持最适的氮素营养指数(NNI),进而使产量得到了显著的补偿,而新春22(X1)通过中度和重度调亏不能使产量得到有效的补偿。(4)在同一灌溉频率、施氮量水平下,品种对滴灌春小麦水分利用效率的影响大于调亏灌溉水平对滴灌春小麦水分利用效率的影响。(5)水分不敏感型品种新春44(X2)更适合在北疆地区采用调亏灌溉模式生产,综合考虑氮素营养指数(NNI)、耗水量、水分利用效率及产量,其最适的调亏灌溉水平为E2。  相似文献   

17.
An alternative water resource such as graywater could be used for irrigation on green roofs during hot, dry summers, although it contains salt. In this study, the response to high-salt stress of a C3–CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) intermediate species, Sedum kamtschaticum Fischer, was evaluated over a 2-month experiment in terms of evapotranspiration (ET) and chemical compounds in plant tissue in triplicate for both experiments. High ET (10–15 mm day?1) was observed under non-stressed conditions. On the day following the first saline irrigation, the peak ET at noon decreased as much as one-third of the maximum. After 9 days, ET remained below 3 mm day?1, corresponding mostly to evaporation from the wet soil surface. The balance of chemical component contents in leaves changed depending on the electrical conductivity of irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECi). The potassium to sodium (K+/Na+) ratio, which indicates levels of sodium toxic for plant growth, decreased with higher ECi, while it excluded sodium from roots. However, based on enhanced water use efficiency under higher ECi regardless of reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation under salinity stress, the plant’s method of photosynthesis shifted from C3 to CAM metabolism. These findings show that S. kamtschaticum could survive for more than 2 months under low or moderate salinity of irrigation water in hot conditions.  相似文献   

18.
[目的]确定核桃主产区塔里木盆地西北缘区滴灌条件下核桃水肥适宜用量,实现核桃园水肥高效利用,为当地密植核桃滴灌水肥投入量提供指导。[方法]以9 a生密植新温"185"核桃树为研究对象,设置3个灌水量(W_1:375 mm; W_2:435 mm; W_3:495 mm)和3个施肥量(F_1:2 250 kg/hm~2; F_2:4 500 kg/hm~2; F_3:9 000 kg/hm~2。其中尿素:磷酸一铵1∶1.25),在新疆阿克苏红旗坡农场新疆农业大学林果实验基地开展滴灌核桃大田试验,研究滴灌条件下水肥耦合对核桃产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响,建立了水肥投入量与产量及灌溉水利用效率的二元回归模型。[结果]灌水和施肥对核桃硬核期、油脂转化期和成熟期土壤硝态氮、核桃产量、品质和水肥利用率的影响均达显著水平(p0.05);水肥耦合效应对核桃产量和水肥利用率有显著性影响(p0.05);硬核期和油脂转化期为核桃的需肥关键期;F_3处理施肥量造成了土壤硝态氮的累积;W_2和W_3处理对滴灌核桃品质、产量和肥料偏生产力的影响无显著性差异,均与W_1差异显著;施肥处理对核桃出仁率、产量和水肥利用效率的影响均达显著水平。[结论]新疆环塔盆地滴灌密植核桃全生育期适宜的水肥投入范围分别为438～469 mm(包含冬春灌)和7 074～7 168 kg/hm~2,其中尿素3 144～3 186 kg/hm~2,磷酸一铵3 930～3 982 kg/hm~2。  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

This study mainly focused on the impacts of vermicompost (VC) treatments on physicochemical characteristics of sandy-clay-loam soil and lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) yield in a greenhouse under different soil moisture regimes. Pot experiments were conducted with different VC treatment doses (0%, 2.5%, and 5% w/w) and three soil water regimes (100%, 50%, and 25%?f, ?f is field capacity). Following the harvest, soil samples were taken and analyzed for physicochemical properties. The highest organic matter content (2.19%) was observed in 5% VC treatment of the full irrigation level (100%?f) irrigation treatment and the lowest organic matter content (0.19%) was obtained from the control treatment of the lowest irrigation level (25%?f). Soil physical properties were positively influenced by VC treatments under different irrigation regimes. The highest lettuce yield (178.7 g plant?1) was observed in 5% VC treatment of the full irrigation level (100%?f) irrigation treatment and the lowest lettuce yield (94.0 g plant?1) was obtained from the control treatment of the lowest irrigation level (25%?f). Present findings revealed that vermicompost treatments under different irrigation regimes could reliably be used to enhance soil physicochemical properties and lettuce yield.  相似文献   

20.
[目的]通过不同灌溉定额对浅埋滴灌春玉米生长与产量的影响研究,筛选出适合内蒙古东部地区的最佳灌水定额,为应用和推广浅埋滴灌提供理论和实证依据。[方法]采用大田试验方法,设置400.20m~3/hm~2(CK),1 050.53m~3/hm~2(DG1),1 700.85m~3/hm~2(DG2),2 351.18m~3/hm~2(DG3),3 001.50m~3/hm~2(DG4)浅埋滴灌和常规地面漫灌3 201.60m~3/hm~2(GG)共6个灌溉定额处理,运用统计分析方法开展研究。[结果](1)随灌溉定额的增加,浅埋滴灌春玉米的株高、叶面积指数和叶绿素相对含量呈增加趋势;(2)净光合速率和蒸腾速率表现为DG4最大,DG3次之,叶片水平水分利用效率DG3DG4且GG处理最低;(3)DG3较GG处理的产量提高6.03%,灌溉水利用效率提高44.50%。[结论]浅埋滴灌条件下,全生育期灌溉定额为2 351.18m~3/hm~2的灌溉制度节水、节膜、增产效益最优。  相似文献   

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