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为西北农林科技大学小麦新育成品种（系）在黄淮麦区的大面积推广,该研究对83份西农新育成的小麦品种（系）进行苗期抗条锈病和白粉病鉴定,成株期抗条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病和赤霉病鉴定,并在田间自然环境下对其抗性进行鉴定及对相关抗病基因进行分子检测。结果显示,在苗期人工接种鉴定中,有63、29和16份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici生理小种CYR32、CYR33和CYR34表现出抗性,9份小麦品种（系）对3个条锈菌生理小种均表现出抗性;有10、3和0份小麦品种（系）分别对白粉菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici生理小种E15、E09和A13表现出抗性。在成株期人工接种鉴定中,有23、15、28和62份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病和赤霉病表现出抗性。在83份小麦品种（系）中有6份在苗期和成株期均对小麦条锈病表现出抗性。在田间抗性鉴定中,有57、6、65和40份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈病、白粉病、赤霉病及叶锈病表现出抗性。在83份小麦品种（系）中,3份含有Yr5基因,22份含有Yr9基因,3份含有Yr17基因,2份含有Pm24基因,14份含有Lr1基因,所占比例分别为3.6%、26.5%、3.6%、2.4%和16.8%。 相似文献
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为挖掘新的小麦抗条锈病基因,掌握小麦生产主栽品种的抗条锈病基因携带情况,有效防控小麦条锈病,采用抗性鉴定、基因推导分析和分子标记技术对22份小麦生产上主栽品种进行了研究,通过抗性鉴定比较22份小麦主栽品种与已知基因载体品种的抗谱。结果显示,共推测出14份供试品种携带已知抗条锈基因,8份供试品种携带未知抗条锈基因,是新的抗锈基因资源;聚类分析结果显示,供试22份小麦品种可分为2个大类6个亚类;利用SSR分子标记检测抗条锈病基因Yr1、Yr10和Yr24的携带情况发现,11份品种携带Yr1基因,2份品种携带Yr10基因,22份品种均不携带Yr24基因。部分生产主栽品种携带新的抗条锈病基因,表明小麦品种选育中避免了抗性基因单一化,并加强了未知基因的利用。 相似文献
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为明确小麦体细胞无性系4-8(WS4-8)抗条锈病的遗传稳定性及抗性遗传特点,采用基因推导、抗性鉴定、遗传分析等方法对其进行了抗条锈性的鉴定和等位性分析。结果表明,WS4-8所携带的抗性基因与已知抗性基因不同;WS4-8的条锈病抗性表现优异,遗传稳定;用CY33小种对WS4-8和铭贤169的正交、反交组合F1和F2代植株人工接种鉴定表明,F1全部抗病,F2群体符合3R∶1S单基因控制的抗性遗传规律,WS4-8对CY33的抗性由1对显性核基因控制;用CY33对WS4-8分别与Yr5/6×Avocet S、Yr10/6×Avocet S、Yr15/6×Avocet S及92R137(Yr26)组配的杂交组合F1及F2代植株人工接种鉴定表明,F1全部抗病,而F2中有感病植株,说明WS4-8所携带的抗条锈病基因与Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr26不等位。研究表明,WS4-8的抗条锈性是由1对显性核基因控制,与已知抗性基因不同,可能是一个新的抗条锈病基因。 相似文献
4.
小麦条锈病是影响小麦生产的重要病害之一。发掘新的抗病基因, 培育新的抗病品种是防治小麦条锈病最经济有效的措施。一粒系小麦作为普通小麦的二级基因源, 蕴含了丰富的抗病资源。为了从一粒系小麦中发掘新抗病基因, 促进其利用, 本文对217份一粒系小麦材料进行了苗期抗条锈病鉴定和A基因组的部分抗条锈病基因检测。结果表明, 共有55份材料在苗期对CYR32表现抗病, 占25.35%;抗病基因分子标记检测显示, 携带Yr1、Yr34/Yr48、Yr69、Yr76抗性基因的材料分别有26、22、16、34份。共有4份表现高抗或免疫的材料同时携带2个抗性基因:2份材料携带Yr69和Yr34, 2份携带Yr1和Yr34。所有供试材料中均未检测到Yr17。此外, 有23份抗病材料未检测到以上抗病基因, 其中7份表现高抗及免疫, 可能携带其他已知或新的抗条锈病基因。本研究为一粒系小麦的利用提供了参考信息。 相似文献
5.
为明确春小麦品种沈免2063所含抗叶锈病基因的对数、身份、显隐性和互作关系,以沈免2063为父本,分别与感病品种Thatcher及小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系Lr9、Lr19、Lr24、Lr25、Lr28、Lr42和Lr43的载体品系杂交,获得F1、F2和F3代群体后,分别在苗期和成株期进行抗病性测定。结果表明:沈免2063含有3对显性遗传且相互独立作用的抗叶锈病基因Lr9、Lr19和Lr25,在苗期,沈免2063对致病类型CBG/QQ的抗病性由Lr9和Lr25控制,对PHT/RP的抗病性由上述3对抗叶锈病基因控制;在成株期,沈免2063对优势致病类型PHT/RP和THT/TP等比混合菌种的抗病性由上述3对抗叶锈病基因控制。Lr9、Lr19和Lr25在育成品种中出现频率很低,目前尚很有效,但这3个基因均为典型的垂直抗病性基因,应进行基因布局、基因轮换等科学组配,才能延长其使用寿命。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Leaf rust and stripe rust, caused by Puccinia triticina and P. striiformis, respectively, are important diseases of wheat in many countries. In this study we sought to identify molecular markers for adult plant resistance genes that could aid in incorporating such durable resistance into wheat. We used a doubled haploid population from a Japanese cv. Fukuho-komugi x Israeli wheat Oligoculm cross that had segregated for resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in field trials. Joint and/or single-year analyses by composite interval mapping identified two quantitative trait loci (QTL) that reduced leaf rust severity and up to 11 and 7 QTLs that might have influenced stripe rust severity and infection type, respectively. Four common QTLs reduced stripe rust severity and infection type. Except for a QTL on chromosome 7DS, no common QTL for leaf rust and stripe rust was detected. QTL-7DS derived from 'Fukuho-komugi' had the largest effect on both leaf rust and stripe rust severities, possibly due to linked resistance genes Lr34/Yr18. The microsatellite locus Xgwm295.1, located almost at the peak of the likelihood ratio contours for both leaf and stripe rust severity, was closest to Lr34/Yr18. QTLs located on 1BL for leaf rust severity and 3BS for stripe rust infection type were derived from 'Oligoculm' and considered to be due to genes Lr46 and Yr30, respectively. Most of the remaining QTLs for stripe rust severity or infection type had smaller effects. Our results indicate there is significant diversity for genes that have minor effects on stripe rust resistance, and that successful detection of these QTLs by molecular markers should be helpful both for characterizing wheat genotypes effectively and combining such resistance genes. 相似文献
8.
西藏半野生小麦(Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao)、云南铁壳麦(T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King)和新疆稻麦(T. petropavloski Udats et Migusch)是我国特有的3个普通小麦亚种,它们具有特定的地理分布、明显不同于普通小麦的形态学特征,具有抗病、耐逆等优良性状,是可用于现代小麦品种生物和非生物胁迫改良的优异种质资源。本研究利用当前在我国流行频率高、毒性强的条锈菌生理小种和致病类群组成的混合菌对213份中国特有小麦种质(包括117份西藏半野生小麦、78份云南铁壳麦和18份新疆稻麦)进行苗期和成株期抗性表型鉴定,并利用与12个已知条锈病抗性基因(Yr)相关的分子标记进行分子检测。结果表明,共有18份中国特有小麦种质对混合生理小种表现苗期抗性,89份表现成株期抗性。进一步分析发现,成株期抗性种质主要来源于云南铁壳麦。结合系谱分析、抗性表型及条锈病抗病基因分子标记检测结果发现,2份中国特有小麦种质携带Yr18,所有种质均不携带Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr24/Yr26、Yr30、Yr41、Yr48、Yr65和Yr67等已知抗病基因。未检测到供试基因的抗性种质可能携带其他已知或新的条锈病抗性基因。该研究为进一步有效利用中国特有小麦亚种抗条锈病种质和发掘其抗性基因提供依据。 相似文献
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Breeding cereals for rust resistance in Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
R. F. Park 《Plant pathology》2008,57(4):591-602
Rust diseases have caused significant losses to Australian cereal crops, and continue to pose a serious threat. Because Australian cereal crop yields are generally low, genetic resistance remains the most economical means of rust control. Resistant cultivars also contribute significantly to reducing over-summer rust survival. A policy of releasing only rust resistant wheats in northern New South Wales and Queensland has resulted in industry-wide protection from rust in this region for the past 40 years. The Australian Cereal Rust Control Program conducts annual pathogenicity surveys for all cereal rust pathogens, undertakes genetic research to identify and characterize new sources of resistance, and provides a germplasm screening and enhancement service to all Australian cereal breeding groups. These three activities are interdependent, and are closely integrated with particular emphasis on linking pathology and genetics to ensure breeding outcomes. Recent changes in the wheat rust pathogens, including the development of virulences for Yr17 , Lr24 , Lr37 and Sr38 resistance genes, and the introduction of a new pathotype of the wheat stripe rust pathogen, have provided new and significant challenges for wheat rust resistance breeding. Similar challenges exist in breeding barley and oats for rust resistance. Examples are discussed to illustrate the ways in which rust isolates are providing information that can be used in breeding for rust resistance. In future, as more markers linked to durable rust resistance sources become available, it is likely that the use of marker-assisted selection will become more common-place in rust resistance breeding. 相似文献
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为明确中国不同春麦区小麦地方种质对当前小麦生产上流行的条锈病菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritic的抗性水平及其所含抗性基因,利用条锈病菌生理小种条中32（CYR32）和条中34（CYR34）及混合生理小种（致病类群）对来自5个春麦区的196份小麦地方种质进行苗期、成株期抗性鉴定,并通过6个已知条锈病抗性基因Yr9、Yr18、Yr26、Yr48、Yr65和Yr67对其所含重要抗性基因进行分子标记检测。结果显示,在苗期,有11份小麦地方种质对CYR32表现出抗性,有12份对CYR34表现出抗性,分别占供试种质总数的5.61%和6.12%;有6份对CYR32和CYR34均表现出抗性;在成株期,有59份小麦地方种质在5个田间诱导环境下表现出稳定的抗性。有119份小麦地方种质检测到含抗性基因,其中有3份携带Yr9,有50份携带Yr18,有43份携带Yr48,有54份携带Yr65,所有供试种质均未检测到Yr26和Yr67,抗性基因的组合分析发现,共有31份小麦地方种质携带4种抗性基因组合类型Yr9+Yr18、Yr18+Yr48、Yr18+Yr65和Yr48+Yr65。表明来自中国5个春麦区的小麦地方种质条锈病抗性表型呈多样性,且携带目前在小麦抗病育种和生产上有效的条锈病抗性基因（组合）,建议加大对小麦地方种质的保护和应用力度。 相似文献
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100个小麦品种资源抗条锈性鉴定及重要抗条锈病基因的SSR检测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
了解小麦品种资源对中国条锈菌生理小种的抗病性水平及其所含重要抗条锈病基因,可为合理种植和利用小麦品种提供理论依据。选用中国小麦条锈菌不同生理小种CYR17、CYR32、CYR33和V26及条锈菌混合小种分别对100个小麦品种资源进行苗期和成株期抗条锈性鉴定,并采用SSR分子标记技术检测重要抗条锈病基因Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr18、Yr24和Yr26。结果表明,在苗期对4个生理小种均表现抗病性的有‘Mos311’、‘兰天15号’等30个品种;在成株期表现抗病性的有‘Yeoman’、‘兰天1号’、‘小红麦’等88个品种;苗期和成株期均抗病的有‘Mos311’、‘兰天15号’等30个品种。SSR检测发现,‘贵农22’可能含有Yr5,‘兰天23号’、‘兰天24’号、‘中梁04260’和‘中梁04335’可能含有Yr10,‘Little Joss’和‘中梁5号’可能含有Yr15,‘清农3号’、‘兰天2号’、‘中梁04335’等19个品种可能含有Yr18,检测品种可能均不含Yr24和Yr26。在鉴定中保持稳定抗病性的‘Mos311’、‘兰天15号’等8个品种在抗病品种选育中有重要应用价值。 相似文献
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陇南小麦条锈病的品种遗传多样性控制 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为实现陇南小麦条锈病持续控制的目标,以遗传多样性为原则,组建以提高生产品种抗条锈基因丰富度、在锈菌越夏区和越冬区进行基因布局和持久抗性、慢条锈性、高温成株抗性等多种抗性利用为主要内容的控制技术体系。利用Yr10、Yr12、Yr13、Yr16、Yr26、YrC591等有效抗条锈基因的载体品种、Flinor 等持久抗性品种及中四等其它抗源材料育成一批综合性状优良、具有不同遗传背景的抗病品种和类型,其中2004年以来育成的10个品种产量性状有明显提高,在区域试验中较对照增产7.3%~28.9%。陇南小麦条锈病的控制已进入一个新阶段。 相似文献
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为监测云南省小麦条锈菌群体毒性及小麦抗条锈基因的有效性动态,2016年采用18个抗条锈近等基因系鉴别寄主对云南省9个州市的136个小麦条锈菌株进行毒性分析,并按八进制法对小种进行命名。结果表明,云南省小麦条锈菌群体毒性丰富,共鉴定出64个小种类型,其中居于前2位的小种是550273和550073,出现频率分别为28.68%和11.76%,是本年度优势小种;其它小种出现频率均在4.41%以下,为次要小种。条锈菌群体对Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr32四个抗条锈基因的毒力频率均为0,对Yr24、Yr Tr1、Yr8、Yr17四个抗条锈基因的毒力频率在0.74%~11.76%之间,表明这8个基因是云南省当前有效的抗条锈基因;对Yr27的毒力频率为52.94%,对Yr1、Yr6、Yr7、Yr9、Yr43、Yr44、Yr SP、Yr Exp2、Yr Tye九个抗条锈基因的毒力频率为77.94%~91.91%,表明这10个抗条锈基因的抗性已减缓或丧失,说明这些基因在云南省已失效。 相似文献
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四川省100个小麦品种(系)抗条锈病基因的 分子检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解四川省近年小麦生产品种和后备品种对条锈菌致病类型G22-83和流行小种CYR32、CYR33的抗性水平,明确已知的主要抗条锈基因在该地区小麦品种中分布状况,利用小麦条锈菌G22-83、CYR32和CYR33对四川省100个小麦品种(系)进行苗期抗病性鉴定;采用已知基因Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr18 和Yr26的分子标记,对供试小麦材料进行抗性基因检测。结果表明,100个供试材料中,对CYR32 表现抗病的58份,占58%;对CYR33 表现抗病的63份,占63%;对G22表现抗病的43份,占43%;对CYR32、CYR33和G22均表现抗病性的品种(系)28个,占28%。供试小麦品种(系)中携带Yr9、Yr10、Yr15 和Yr26基因的材料分别有24份(24%)、9份(9%)、5份(5%)和26份(26%),所有供试品种(系)中未检测到Yr5和Yr18基因。 相似文献
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Molecular marker mapping of leaf rust resistance gene lr46 and its association with stripe rust resistance gene yr29 in wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT Leaf and stripe rusts, caused by Puccinia triticina and P. striiformis, respectively, are globally important fungal diseases of wheat that cause significant annual yield losses. A gene that confers slow rusting resistance to leaf rust, designated as Lr46, has recently been located on wheat chromosome 1B. The objectives of our study were to establish the precise genomic location of gene Lr46 using molecular approaches and to determine if there was an association of this locus with adult plant resistance to stripe rust. A population of 146 F(5) and F(6) lines produced from the cross of susceptible 'Avocet S' with resistant 'Pavon 76' was developed and classified for leaf rust and stripe rust severity for three seasons. Using patterns of segregation for the two diseases, we estimated that at least two genes with additive effects conferred resistance to leaf rust and three to four genes conferred resistance to stripe rust. Bulked segregant analysis and linkage mapping using amplified fragment length polymorphisms with the 'Avocet' x 'Pavon 76' population, F(3) progeny lines of a single chromosome recombinant line population from the cross 'Lalbahadur' x 'Lalbahadur (Pavon 1B)', and the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative population established the genomic location of Lr46 at the distal end of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1B. A gene that is closely linked to Lr46 and confers moderate levels of adult plant resistance to stripe rust is identified and designated as Yr29. 相似文献
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Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. pseudo‐hordei in common wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 This is the first genetic study reporting on the interaction and molecular mapping of resistance to the barley grass stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. pseudo‐hordei, Psph) in common wheat. Seedlings of 638 wheat accessions were tested and it was determined that wheat is a near‐nonhost to Psph based on rare susceptibility observed in <2% of commercial cultivars and <5% of wheat landraces. As previously observed for P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the Australian cultivar Teal was highly susceptible to Psph. In contrast, a selection of cv. Avocet carrying complementary resistance genes Yr73 and Yr74 (Avocet R; AvR) was resistant. The Teal × AvR (T/A) doubled haploid (DH) population was used to map resistance in AvR to Psph. Infection types on the T/A DH lines inoculated with Psph and Pst indicated that all DH lines carrying both Yr73 and Yr74 were also resistant to Psph; however, fewer DH lines were susceptible to Psph than expected, suggesting the resistance was more complex. QTL analysis using 9053 DArT‐Seq markers determined that resistance to Psph was polygenically inherited and mapped to chromosomes 3A, 3D, 4A and 5B. The 3DL and 5BL markers co‐located with Yr73 and Yr74, suggesting an overlap between host and non‐host resistance mechanisms. 相似文献
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78个重要小麦品种苗期抗条锈性的聚类分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
选用20个具有不同毒性谱的条锈菌菌系,对78个重要小麦品种材料进行了苗期接种鉴定,以得到的数据为基础,用类平均法对供试小麦品种的抗条锈性进行了聚类分析。鄂恩1号等19个品种被聚在一类,它们具有Yr9或与之相似的抗性;碧玛1号等10个品种被聚在一类,它们具有Yr1或与之相似的抗性;兰天5号等9个品种聚为一类,它们可抗所有供试菌系或仅对1～2个菌系感病;还有些品种被分别聚合为几小类。获知了一批具有未知抗条锈基因或基因组合的重要小麦品种的抗性特点,本结果可为小麦生产品种的合理布局与利用、抗锈育种中抗源的选用以及生产品种抗性变异预测提供重要依据。 相似文献
18.
以Taichung29为背景的小麦抗条锈病近等基因系转育进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
自1988年起,系统开展了以Taichung29为背景的小麦抗条锈病近等基因系转育及其基础性研究。采用回交法和系谱法相结合的转育方法,以春性品种Taichung29为轮回亲本作母本,分别与25个抗性供体即中国小麦条锈病菌鉴别寄主和国际上重要的抗条锈基因载体品种杂交、回交和自交。通过基因推导分析、单体分析和SSR标记技术检测目的基因,选育抗条锈近等基因系,现已获得重要进展,成功选育出8个以Taichung29为背景的抗条锈病单基因近等基因系,即Taichung29*6／Yr1、Taichung29*6／Yr2、Taichung29*6／Yr5、Taichung29*6／Yr7、Taichung29*6/Yr9、Taichung29*6／Yr10、Taichung29*6/YrSpP、Taichung29*6/YrKy2。另有9个组合转育获得343个抗性稳定株系,正检测其目的基因,3个组合转至BC6F3,自交纯合筛选抗性稳定株系,5个组合转至BC5,继续回交转育。 相似文献
19.
小麦条锈病是小麦生产中最重要的病害,培育抗病品种是防治条锈病的有效措施。小麦品系P81在苗期和成株期对当前流行的条锈菌小种条中30、31和32均表现免疫。以感病品种川麦28、Taichung29作母本,P81作父本通过杂交分别配制了F1、F2和BC1、BC2代,用人工接种方法研究P81及其杂交后代对条中32号的苗期抗性并进行了遗传分析;同时,将P81分别与含有抗条锈基因的Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr26材料进行杂交配制F2,用条中32号小种对其F2进行抗感鉴定,确定抗性基因的等位性。结果表明,P81与川麦28、Taichung29杂交F1代植株对条锈菌条中32号小种表现出与P81相似的高抗,说明P81中的抗条锈基因为显性表达。根据P81与川麦28、Taichung29杂交的F2、BC1、BC2代植株的抗性分离情况及F1代植株及亲本的抗性表现,说明P81对条中32号的抗性由1对显性抗条锈病基因控制;用条中32号小种接种鉴定P81与已知抗锈基因Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr26构建的F2群体时均出现了感病植株,说明P81中的抗条锈病基因与Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr26不相同;系谱分析表明,该基因来源于叙利亚普通小麦品系叙29。 相似文献