共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
本文报道了黄土性土壤及作为对照的中性水稻土和酸性红壤对磷的吸附与解吸特性。实测吸附曲线与简单Langmuir等温吸附方程最为吻合,全部供试样本的相关系数均达到显著水平;而与Temkin方程和Freundlich方程只是部分吻合。与酸性红壤相比,黄土性土壤是一种弱吸磷能力的土壤,评价其吸磷能力的最适参数是根据简单Langmuir方程求出的最大吸磷量(qm),支配qm的土壤性质主要是游离氧的铁含量,其次是粘粒和CaCO3的含量。黄土性土壤对吸附磷的解吸能力很强,其等温解吸曲线也是可以分成三个区域,代表各种不同能级的吸附磷被解吸的过程。 相似文献
2.
宁夏灌淤土对磷吸附的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文报道了宁夏灌淤土12个代表性土样对磷的等温吸附与解吸特性。实测吸附曲线与Preundlich、Langmuir和Temkin三种等温吸附方程都很吻合。全部供试样品的相关系数变化在0.931-0.999之间,均达极显著水平(p<0.01)。其中Langmuir等温式与本实验资料最为吻合。供试土壤对磷的最大吸附量(Xm)变化在172-460μgP/g之间,平均为347±28μgP/g。影响其大小的因子主要是物理性粘粒和CaCO3,含量,均达极显著正相关。灌淤土不同土层的吸磷量大小依次为:剖面24>23>21>22,而解吸磷能力大小依次为:剖面23>22>21>24。磷的解吸量与吸附量之间呈极显著正相关。根据本试验数据,土壤对磷的等温吸附曲线可以用来预测土壤需磷量。 相似文献
3.
在实验室条件下研究了浙中金衢盆地三个桔园土壤的持水特性、饱和导水率、蒸发强度及三种土壤结构改良剂对土壤团聚作用和蒸发强度的影响.结果表明,持水量与<0.01mm物理性粘粒含量呈正相关(r=0.933*);饱和导水率与团聚体平均重量直径呈正相关(r=0.956**),而与结构破坏率呈负相关(r=-0.996**).当土壤吸力在50-100kPa时,桔园就需灌溉.加入三种土壤结构改良剂后能明显改善土壤水稳性团聚体,其效果为聚乙烯醇>聚丙烯酰胺>水解聚丙烯腈;使土壤的日平均蒸发强度减少,其减少的顺序为黄筋泥>紫砂土>红砂土.土壤饱和导水率K10值紫砂土>黄筋泥>红砂土,主要取决于土壤水稳性团聚体的平均重量直径,二者呈正相关(r=0.956**). 相似文献
4.
中国陕西省施有机肥黄土NH4+固定的热力学性质 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Some thermodynamic properties of NH4+ fixation by loess soil in plowing and clay layers are discussed. The results indicate that the four ion adsorption equations commonly used can describe the properties of NH4+ fixation in these soils under constant temperature. Among the four adsorption equations, the single-surface Langmuir equation is the best. When the concentration of NH4Cl solution is 10-1 mol below, the Freundlich equation can be used. The changes of apparent standard free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) illustrate that NH4+ fixation in soil is an endothermic adsorption and spontaneous reaction, and the process can be enhanced by a higher temperature and clay content in soil. The "proper value of NH4+ fixation by soil (K1 × qm) increased with increasing clay content and temperature. The heat of NH4+ fixation in soil (Qm) confirms the conclusions made in this paper. 相似文献
5.
本研究目的是了解陕西省的几种土壤吸附和解吸附砷酸盐的速率和过程,以及其吸附能量。Kuo和Lotse导出的双常数速率公式拟合试验资料优于一级、二级、三级反应公式,抛物线扩散和Elovich公式等五个公式。用双常数速率公式(C=k·C0·t1/m)分两段拟合能进一步提高拟合优度。根据Arrhenius公式计算出的吸附活化能是0.70—3.40千卡/克分子。低的活化能表明,供试土壤对砷酸盐的吸附作用是一种完全不同于真溶液条件化学反应的物理学过程。土壤吸附和解吸附砷酸盐的速度和容量受作用时间、温度、溶液∶土壤比率,加入的砷量和浓度,以及土壤特性的影响。粘土的吸附反应常数(k),吸附量比沙壤土大。而沙壤土有高的解吸附反应速度常数(k-1'),砷酸盐容易被解吸附而释放出来。 相似文献
6.
[目的] 研究红树林土壤微生物生物量与酶活性对不同淹水梯度的响应，揭示随淹水时间延长红树林下土壤质量的变化特征及影响因素，为该区域红树林保护与管理提供理论依据。 [方法] 以广东省雷州半岛附城镇红树林为研究对象，依据潮间带分布情况及红树林群落类型，采集低潮位、中低潮位、中潮位、中高潮位、高潮位表层0-20 cm沉积物样品，测定与分析红树林湿地不同潮位表层土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)、磷(MBP)与酶活性。 [结果] 随淹水频率的增加，MBC，MBN分别减少96.7%和98.4%，在高潮位为最大值；MBP呈波浪式下降，在中高潮位为最大值；微生物熵碳(qMBC)、氮(qMBN)先增后降，微生物熵磷(qMBP)呈波浪式下降，qMBC，qMBN，qMBP均在中高潮位为最大值；土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶活性先增后降，在中高潮位为最大值，脲酶活性显著减少20.2%，在高潮位为最大值。冗余分析结果表明，qMBN，MBN，MBC是研究区红树林表层土壤酶活性变异的关键环境因素，可解释其变异的50.9%。 [结论] 淹水梯度的变化对湛江红树林湿地表层土壤微生物生物量和酶活性变化产生了显著影响。随淹水频率增加土壤质量总体呈衰退态势，建议适当增加研究区湿地土壤氮素供给以改善土壤质量，促进红树植树造林及其生长。 相似文献
7.
本工作选用二种可变电荷土壤粘粒(<2μ),分别含有0.35×10-4-1.3×10-4mol/L的不同电解质,在不同含水量下,在5—50℃范围内测量其直流电导率的变化。试验结果表明,电导热散法是研究土壤粘粒与离子相互作用的有用手段;电导率-温度曲线上的折点温度是随含水量、电解质种类和土壤类型而不同。在相同含水量下,含有不同电解质的红壤体系的折点温度具有如下的变化顺序:CaCl2>Na2SO4>KCl>Ca(NO3)2>NaNO3;砖红壤体系的折点温度明显高于红壤体系。折点温度的高低是土壤粘粒与离子相互作用强度的反映。 相似文献
8.
有机肥对磷的吸附-解吸的影响及在红壤发育成的水稻土上的有效性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A field test with the traditional rotation of paddy rice/upland crop (wheat) was carried out on a paddy soil derived from red earth to elucidate the effect of organic manure on the phosphorus adsorption-desorption by soil and its P availability. Soil samples were taken from different treatments at rice harvesting stage and analysed. The isothermal adsorption of P by the samples fitted very well with Langmuir equation, and hence, the parameters in the equation, i.e., maximum adsorption (qm), constant related to bonding energy (k) and their product (k × qm) could be used as a comprehensive index to characterize the potential P adsorptivity of the soil. Organo-inorganic fertilization and organic manuring could decrease qm and k, while mineral P application had little effect on them. The isothermal desorption of P was significantly correlated with initially added and isothermally adsorbed P. Part of P added was fixed, which represented the P fixation capacity of soil, and organic manuring could obviously lower the P fixation. The content of soil available P had a significant negative correlation with qm, k and fixed P. It is concluded that organic manure could increase the P availability of paddy soil derived from red earth by decreasing qm, k, maximum buffering capacity (MBC=k × qm) and fixation capacity. 相似文献
9.
微波遥感裸露土壤和植被覆盖土壤含水量的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用X波段微波散射计研究了裸露土壤,有植被(红薯、大豆和花生)覆盖的土壤含水量与微波后向散射系数之间的关系,对X波段与C波段的结果做了分析对比。结果表明:在微波遥感裸露土壤含水量方面,入射角θ=6°时灵敏度Sv最大;在θ=45°时,Sv=0;在θ>45°时,土壤含水量增大,而后向散射系数反而变小。在小入射角时,两个波段的精度相差不大。微波遥感在有植被覆盖的土壤含水量方面,X波段比C波段的灵敏度和精度要低,但是只要工作参数选择适当,就能达到一定的灵敏度和精度。应用本文提出的估算模型,X波段土壤含水量的估算误差大约为±25%左右。 相似文献
10.
区域性土壤流失预测方程的初步研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
应用我国南方花岗岩侵蚀红壤区的径流小区观测资料,采用数值分析方法推导出适合花岗岩侵蚀红壤区,计算各次降雨吋土壤流失量和年土壤流失量方程:A1=4·ys·K·LS;并利用野外调查量测资料,推导出适合长江三峡低中山区的土壤流失方程:A2=(152.5D-1016)·R·LS·C-2.3利用上述方程可以预测特定区域的土壤流失量。 相似文献
11.
上海土壤磷的吸附特性及缓冲性能的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文以上海土壤为对象,研究选定了土壤磷等温吸附试验条件为:水土比10,平衡时间6天,控温25℃,磷加入量为100,200,400,600μgP/g土,溶液基质为0.01M CaCl2。磷缓冲能力试验条件为:平衡时间2天,磷加入量为20,40,100,200μgP/g土。根据Freundlich, Tempkin和Langmuir方程计算的土壤吸附指标与土壤类型及土壤性质有密切关系,是土壤磷素肥力的重要指标。反映土壤缓冲能力的“磷肥指标”与土壤有机质、粘粒、活性铝及pH值相关较好。上海几种主要土壤中以青紫泥的最大吸附量(Xm),0.2ppm P吸附量和“磷肥指标”为最高,其次为青黄土,沟干泥和黄泥头,最小为夹沙泥。应用磷吸附指标与“磷肥指标”来预测土壤需磷量,初步试验是可行的,但实际应用还需进一步试验研究。 相似文献
12.
The two-surface Langmuir equation was used to study P adsorption by 24 calcareous soils (pH 7.2-7.6; 0.8-24.2 per cent CaCO3) from the Sherborne soil series, which are derived from Jurassic limestone. High-energy P adsorption capacities (x″m) ranged from 140–345 μg P/g and were most closely correlated with dithionite-soluble Fe. Hydrous oxides therefore appear to provide the principal sites, even in calcareous soils, on which P is strongly adsorbed (x″m 6–51 ml/μg P). The low-energy adsorption capacities (x″m) ranged from 400–663 μg P/g and were correlated with organic matter contents and the total surface areas of CaCO3 but not with per cent CaCO3, pH, or dithionite-soluble Fe. Total surface areas of CaCO3 in the soils ranged from 4.0 to 8.5 m2/g soil. Low-energy P adsorption capacities agree reasonably with values (100 pg P/m2) for the sorption of phosphate on Jurassic limestones but phosphate was bonded much less strongly by soil carbonates (k″= 0.08–0.45 ml/μg P) than by limestones (k～10.0 ml/μg P). Low-energy P adsorption in these soils is tentatively ascribed to adsorption on sites already occupied by organic anions (and probably also by bicarbonate and silicate ions) which lessen the bonding energy of co-adsorbed P. 相似文献
13.
应用Langmuir等温式解释我国东北某些土壤对磷酸离子的吸附作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
目前应用Langmuir吸附等温式来探讨土壤对磷酸离子的吸附作用,较为广泛.自从Olsen(1957)系统地报道以来,从机理到结合生产实际的研究已有大量的报道,我国近年来也有研究.由于土壤本身组成的复杂性,多数学者用纯物质(如纯粘土或铁与铝的含水氧化物等)进行吸附等温式的机理研究,已取得了很多结果. 相似文献
14.
The pH effect on the sorption kinetics of heavy metals in soils was studied using a constant flow leaching method. The soil samples were red soil collected from Yingtan, Jiangxi, and yellow-brown soil from Nanjing, Jiangsu. The heavy metals tested were zinc and cadmium. Assuming that the experimental data fitted to the following kinetic rate equation: 1/c·dx/dt = kx∞-kx, the rate constant k of sorption could be determined from the slope of the straight line by plotting of 1/c·dx/dt vs. x. The results showed that the pH effect on the rate constants of heavy mental sorption in soils was very significant. The values of k decreased with increasing pH. The sorptions were more sensitive to pH in red soil than in yellow-brown soil. 相似文献
15.
A PHOSPHATE SORPTION INDEX FOR SOILS 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
Phosphate sorption isotherms covering a wide concentration range (10?6 to 5 × 10?3m phosphate) were determined for 42 soil samples at 20 °C by a standardized technique. The slope of a plot of the sorption, x, against the logarithm of the equilibrium solution phosphate concentration, log c, measured at c= 10?4M, proved a suitable reference index to characterize the phosphate sorbing properties of the soils. Several single-point methods were tested by statistical correlation against this reference index. Of these, the sorption, x, from one addition of 150 mg P/100 g soil gave r= 0.951, but r= 0.974 when the equilibrium concentration was also taken into account in the quotient x/log c. This quotient is therefore suggested as a simple yet adequate way of indicating a fundamental soil property, its phosphate sorption isotherm. 相似文献
16.
磷-铅-柠檬酸在红壤胶体上相互作用机理初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以红壤胶体为对象,通过等温平衡试验,研究了柠檬酸对红壤胶体吸附磷的影响,以及吸附磷和柠檬酸后弃去上清液(次级吸附)和保留上清液(共吸附)两种方式对红壤胶体固定铅的影响。结果表明,柠檬酸对红壤胶体磷吸附产生抑制作用,且随着柠檬酸浓度增加而抑制作用增强;用Langmuir方程拟合时,红壤胶体对磷的吸附反应常数K、最大吸附量X m均随柠檬酸初始浓度增加而降低。吸附磷和柠檬酸后,两种处理方式对铅的固定量影响有明显差异,总体上,次级吸附试验中铅的固定量低于共吸附;且两种方式中铅的固定量均随磷初始浓度及磷吸附量的增加而增加,随柠檬酸浓度升高而降低。共吸附中铅固定量在柠檬酸初始浓度为0.1 mmol L-1和磷初始浓度小于0.4 mmol L-1时达到较高值,说明在此浓度下磷和柠檬酸的共同存在促进了红壤胶体对铅的固定。 相似文献
17.
Data for the sorption of added inorganic phosphate (P) by contrasting soils and iron oxide gel were resolved by a method of successive approximation of the Langmuir sorption constants. Three distinct Langmuir equations described the overall isotherm irrespective of the experimental conditions used. Free energies of sorption (ΔG) for a particular region were similar for each soil and for iron oxide gel under all experimental conditions. In contrast, the sorption maximum for each region was influenced by the sorbent and experimental conditions. Because of the pronounced similarities in their P sorption characteristics iron oxide gel was used as a model surface for P sorption by soils. Three mechanisms for P sorption by iron oxide gel and by soils are proposed: (i) chemisorption at protonated surface sites, (ii) chemisorption by replacement of surface hydroxyls, and (iii) a more-physical sorption of P as a potential-determining ion. 相似文献
18.
SOME NEW EQUATIONS TO DESCRIBE PHOSPHATE SORPTION BY SOILS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. SIBBESEN 《European Journal of Soil Science》1981,32(1):67-74
Phosphate sorption was studied on surface and subsurface soils sampled from the old field experiments at Askov, Denmark. Two empirical three-parameter equations, an extended Freundlich and an extended Langmuir equation are proposed and compared with the Langmuir, the Freundlich, the ‘double’ Langmuir, the Gunary, and the Fitter-Sutton equations. In the proposed equations the affinity parameter of the Langmuir equation and the exponent of the Freundlich equation are replaced by the term Bc ?D the value of which decreases with increasing phosphate concentration, c. On average the Freundlich equation thus modified yielded the closest fit to the sorption data. This was followed by the Fitter-Sutton, the modified Langmuir, the ‘double’ Langmuir, the Gunary, the Freundlich, and finally the Langmuir equation. Out of the three equations that yielded the closest fit to the sorption data the correlation between the parameters within the equations, furthermore, was least for the proposed extended Freundlich equation. Therefore, this equation may be generally suitable for describing phosphate sorption by soils. 相似文献