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1.
1980年春至1983年夏在浙江金华蒋堂农场红壤性水稻土上,布置了早稻—晚稻—大麦轮作的连续九季施石灰的田间试验,以探讨酸性土壤上施用石灰对不同作物生长、养分吸收、土壤养分有效性及发生学性质的影响。 相似文献
2.
为评价赤红壤酸铝对作物的毒害作用,本文用氧化钙和硫酸铝将典型赤红壤pH值调节为4.01、4.52、5.02、5.52,研究了7种作物对不同酸铝土壤的响应。结果表明,不同酸铝土壤中,7种作物相对根长与相对根干重呈相似变化趋势,均表现为pH 5.02土壤>pH 4.52土壤>pH 4.01土壤,水稻的相对根长与相对根干重较大,而大麦较小,通菜、玉米、菜豆、豆角、大豆位于其中。铝溶液处理下不同作物的相对根伸长均以水稻、大豆、菜豆、豆角>玉米>通菜>大麦,与土培结果基本一致;作物根系的苏木精染色程度随酸铝毒害程度的上升而加深,与作物铝吸收结果趋势相同。大麦、水稻、豆角染色较深,但其相对根长差异显著,表明它们具有不同的耐铝机制。 相似文献
3.
关于稻田施用石灰的研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
本文对稻田施石灰的研究进行了综述。内容包括稻田水—旱轮作和施石灰对土壤pH、Eh和氧化还原物质的影响;施石灰对土壤微生物和有机质、氮、磷、钾及微量元素转化的影响;施石灰对土壤物理性质及大、小麦和水稻生长发育的影响。提出稻田土壤pH值达5.6及其以上不必对水稻施石灰,土壤pH在5.5以下,可根据土壤的缓冲性能在水稻移栽前结合稻草还田或翻压绿肥施石灰。最好在稻田轮作的旱作期将石灰施在旱作物(如大、小麦)上。 相似文献
4.
石灰和海泡石对镉污染土壤的修复效应与机理研究 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
研究了稻作和旱作两种种植制度下,施用石灰、海泡石及两种改良剂配施对镉污染土壤pH值、土壤镉形态变化及作物对镉的吸收等的影响.结果表明,施用改良剂使稻作条件下的土壤pH提高0.3～1.8个单位,旱作条件下土壤pH提高幅度为0.3～2.0个单位:两种种植制度下,作物有效性较高的酸提取态镉含量显著减少,而作物有效性较低的可还原态和残渣态镉含量显著增加,进而引起了水稻和萝卜对镉的吸收量降低.其中以石灰和海泡石配施的效果最好,单施海泡石次之,单施石灰效果最差,且各处理均随改良剂用量的增加效果增强,虽然,施用改良剂可以有效降低土壤中镉的作物有效性,但对水稻产量和生物量及镉在水稻和萝卜两种作物地上部分的分配规律均没有明显的影响. 相似文献
5.
不同竞争强度间作体系氮素利用和土壤剖面无机氮分布差异 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
田间小区试验,研究大麦/玉米间作、小麦/玉米间作和蚕豆/玉米间作及其对应单作体系,在不施氮和施氮225 kg/hm2情况下,对氮素吸收利用效率和土壤剖面无机氮变化的影响。结果表明,作物对养分的竞争能力与其根区土壤无机氮浓度和累积量密切相关。两作物共生期不施氮肥时,0—100 cm土层,土壤剖面无机氮残留量是间作大麦和间作小麦根区分别比间作蚕豆根区减少2032~82和10717~1 kg/hm2;与大麦和小麦间作的玉米根区分别比与蚕豆间作的玉米根区减少931~20和5687~kg/hm2。土壤无机氮累积量受作物类型、种间相互作用强度及实时土壤环境条件影响。种间相互作用提高了间作大麦和小麦的氮素当季回收率,但使与其间作的玉米氮素当季回收率降低。大麦/玉米和小麦/玉米竞争体系在不施氮肥时氮素利用效率最高。施用氮肥使大麦、小麦氮素收获指数降低,玉米氮素收获指数升高,对蚕豆无影响。在选择配对作物时,为获得间作优势要充分考虑作物竞争能力、土壤基础肥力条件、施肥水平及配套栽培措施等。低肥力土壤宜选择豆科/禾本科互惠体系,高肥力土壤宜选择禾本科/禾本科竞争体系。 相似文献
6.
在盆栽试验条件下研究了苏丹草—黑麦草轮作中不同施肥措施对饲草产量、养分吸收及土壤性质的影响。结果表明:各施肥处理均可显著提高饲草产量,整个轮作期,单施化肥（NPK）、石灰和化肥配施（NPK+Lime）、有机肥和化肥配施（NPK+OM）处理的鲜草产量分别比不施肥处理（CK）增加6.1倍、6.8倍和7.3倍;在化肥基础上配合施用石灰和有机肥,鲜草分别增产9.5%和17.2%。养分吸收结果显示,不同施肥处理明显提高饲草N、P、K含量并促进饲草对养分的吸收。土壤养分分析结果表明,与CK及NPK处理相比,增施石灰和有机肥提高酸性土壤pH值,促使其向中性靠近;在NPK基础上配合施用石灰,轮作结束时土壤有效钙含量比NPK处理提高了20.7%,有效铁和有效锰含量降低了26.5%和41.2%;在NPK基础上增施有机肥,能显著提高了土壤中的氮、磷、钾养分含量。 相似文献
7.
在土壤呈酸性且重金属铜、镉含量相对较高的稻田开展施用石灰效果试验。试验显示,施用石灰可提升土壤pH值,平均750 kg/hm~2石灰提升土壤pH值0.179;施用石灰可促进土壤有机质分解,增加土壤氮和磷的有效性,也会影响土壤铜、镉全量变化。试验初步表明,处理C(石灰用量750 kg/hm~2)的稻米对铜、镉富集能力较强。增施石灰可减少土壤铜、镉向稻米转移富集。水稻对镉的富集能力高于对铜的富集能力。试验表明,施用石灰可增加水稻有效穗数和千粒重,增产效果显著。以石灰用量750 kg/hm~2的水稻产量最高,效益最好,比CK增产干谷619.7 kg/hm~2,每千克石灰增产稻谷0.83 kg,净收入1 068.7元/hm~2,产投比为2.66。科学施用石灰可促进水稻增产和减轻稻米对铜、镉富集。 相似文献
8.
天然沸石和石灰混用对酸性黄红壤改良及增产效应的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
安徽南部地区处在高温高湿的条件下 ,土壤母质强烈风化 ,盐基损失严重 ,阳离子交换量仅为 8～ 10cmdkg- 1土 ,土壤酸性或强酸性 ,pH为 4.3～ 5.4。研究结果表明 :施用石灰 ,土壤pH提高两个单位 ,土壤活性铝含量降低 1/ 3— 2 /3 ,沸石和石灰配合施用可以显著提高土壤速效养分含量 ,促进作物生长 ,增加作物产量。 相似文献
9.
猪粪对红壤铝毒的缓解效应 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15
利用盆栽实验研究了施用猪粪和石灰对红壤铝毒的缓解效应。结果表明 ,在对照土壤 (pH 4.2)上生长的小麦遭受铝毒害明显 ,出苗后 36d全部枯死 ,施用石灰和猪粪能不同程度地缓解铝毒害。施用猪粪和石灰都可以提高土壤pH ,降低交换性铝含量。与单施石灰相比 ,石灰猪粪混施可以提高土壤 pH ,降低交换性铝含量 ,增加小麦叶绿素含量、光合速率和地上部干物重。与单施猪粪相比 ,石灰猪粪混施使小麦地上部K、Mg和P含量减少。 相似文献
10.
11.
Jens Blomquist Magnus Simonsson Ararso Etana Kerstin Berglund 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(4):311-322
It has been suggested that liming can improve soil structure and thereby decrease losses of particles and associated nutrients. In this study, two types of structure lime, slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) and a mixed product of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and slaked lime (Ca(OH)2), were applied at three different rates in field trials on clayey soils (23%–40% clay). A combination of primary tillage and structure liming was also studied, in a split-plot trial on a clayey soil (25% clay). Aggregate (2–5?mm) stability, measured as reduction in turbidity (which is strongly correlated with losses of particulate phosphorus), was significantly increased with the highest application rates of both structure lime products. Aggregate size distribution was also improved with structure lime, creating a finer tilth in the seedbed. Yield response to structure lime was not consistent, with both negative and positive responses over the four-year study period. Positive yield responses can possibly be attributed to the finer tilth preventing evaporation in two dry growing seasons. Negative yield responses were probably an effect of impaired phosphorus availability associated with limited precipitation in May-July in 2011 and 2013. Two years after liming, soil pH levels were significantly elevated in plots with the highest application rate of structure lime, whereas no significant increases were found three years after liming. However, a lingering effect of liming was still detectable, as manganese concentration in barley grain was significantly lower in plots with the highest application rates of both structure lime products in the fourth study year. These results indicate that structure liming can be used as a measure to mitigate phosphorus losses from clayey soils, thereby preventing eutrophication of nearby waters. However, the yield response was varying and unpredictable and thus further investigations are needed to determine the circumstances in which field liming can act efficiently not only to prevent phosphorus losses, but also to ensure consistent yield increases. 相似文献
12.
水分管理和施用石灰对水稻镉吸收与运移的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
通过田间试验,研究了间歇灌溉和全生育期淹水2种水分管理结合水稻分蘖期施用石灰对不同水稻生育期的土壤和水稻各组织中Cd分布与运移的影响。研究结果表明,全生育淹水和施用石灰均能升高土壤p H值,降低土壤中有效态Cd含量;施用石灰能降低土壤中酸可提取态Cd所占比例而残渣态所占比例增加。在全生育期淹水条件下施用石灰有利于改善土壤性状并提高土壤中Fe质量百分含量。与不施用石灰相比,在间歇灌溉条件下,施用石灰处理的糙米中Cd质量分数从0.86 mg/kg降低到0.56 mg/kg,而在全生育期淹水条件下,施用石灰处理的糙米中Cd质量分数从0.77 mg/kg降低到0.34 mg/kg;无论间歇灌溉还是全淹水处理条件下,施用石灰均增加了水稻总生物量。施用石灰后,在灌浆期,水稻茎叶中Cd的富集系数显著降低(P0.05);在成熟期,根和稻米中Cd的富集系数显著降低(P0.05);在全生育期淹水条件下,成熟期水稻根到茎叶转运系数和茎叶到米中转运系数均显著降低(P0.05)。水稻糙米中Cd含量与土壤中有效态Cd含量、水稻地上部Cd累积量呈显著正相关,与土壤p H值呈显著负相关。上述研究结果表明,施用石灰能够显著降低稻田土壤中Cd的生物有效性;采用全生育期淹水结合在分蘖期施用石灰是降低稻米中Cd含量有效措施且不会导致水稻减产。 相似文献
13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):543-557
Abstract Surface liming will prevent the formation of an ‘acid roof’ on the surface of soil cropped in no‐till corn (Zea mays L.). A study was begun in 1985 to determine the effectiveness of unincorporated liming in raising pH in no‐till soil which had developed significant acidity throughout the upper 15 cm. Lime was applied at 0, 3.36, 6.72 and 10.08 Mg ha‐1. All lime was applied on 26 April 1985 and was not incorporated. The pre‐liming pH at 0‐5 cm below the surface was 4.5; after two months the pH was raised to 5.6, 5.8, and 6.0 by 3.36, 6.72 and 10.08 Mg ha‐1 of lime, respectively. After 19 months soil‐pH was raised to 6.0, 6.4 and 6.6 by liming at 3.36, 6.72 and 10.08 Mg ha‐1 respectively. Soil‐pH below 5 cm was not affected by any rate of lime during the first 19 months after liming. Tissue analysis of corn ear leaves indicated that calcium uptake was increased significantly by lime in 1985, while manganese uptake was significantly reduced. In 1986, increases in calcium were greater than in 1985 and addtional significant reduction in manganese uptake was accompanied by significantly reduced zinc and copper uptake. In both 1985 and 1986, a trend toward lower average corn grain yield in unlimed plots than in limed plots was noted, but the yield increases due to lime were not statistically significant in either year. This study will be continued as a long term investigation of lime penetration into no‐till soil and response of corn to soil‐pH changes. 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to examine response of mature phosphorus (P) deficient apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees to phosphorus fertilization and liming. The experiment was carried out during 2003–2005 in a commercial orchard in Central Poland on ‘Jonagold’ apple trees/M.26 planted in 1996 on a coarse-textured soil with low both pH (4.6) and organic matter (1.2%). Calcium-lactate soluble phosphorus concentration in the soil was within an optimal range despite appearance of leaf phosphorus deficiency symptoms. Soil and foliar applications of phosphorus, and soil liming were applied. Soil phosphorus fertilization was made in the first year of the experimental at a rate of 100 kg P per ha as triple superphosphate. Foliar sprays of a soluble compound containing organic phosphorus were performed 5 times per season at 2-week intervals, starting 4 weeks after full bloom. Soil liming was applied in the fall 2002 at a rate of 1100 kg Ca ha?1 as hydrated lime. Additional combination as soil phosphorus fertilization plus liming was also applied. Plots unsupplied with phosphorus and lime served as a control. The results showed that liming and liming plus soil P application increased soil pH, and phosphatase activity in the soil, and improved phosphorus nutrition, tree vigor, yield, fruit color, and firmness after storage; effect of these treatments was not found only in the first year of the study. In all years foliar phosphorus sprays improved phosphorus nutrition of apple trees, and fruit color and firmness after storage. In 2 out of 3 years foliar phosphorus application increased yield. The vegetative and reproductive responses of ‘Jonagold’ apple trees did not depend on soil phosphorus fertilization. It was concluded that maintaining an optimal pH of soils for apple trees limits the incidence of orchard phosphorus deficiency and that foliar phosphorus sprays should be applied in phosphorus-deficient apple orchards to improve yield, and fruit appearance and storability. 相似文献
15.
Liming materials are widely applied to alleviate soil acidification and increase rice yield in acidic soils, but their effects on nitrogen (N) use efficiency are still unclear. Here, we conducted a field-, pot-, and micro-plot experiment to investigate how the application of slaked lime (i.e., Ca(OH)2) affects the fate of chemical fertilizer-N and straw-N in a double rice cropping system. In the field experiment, liming increased grain yield and N uptake by an average of 9.0% and 10.6%, respectively. In contrast, CaCl2 application did not affect rice yield and N uptake, suggesting that the effects of lime application were not related to the addition of Ca2+. Results from a 15N tracer experiment (i.e., 15N-labeled urea and straw) indicated that liming reduced N uptake from fertilizer (−5.7%), but increased N uptake from straw (+31.3%). Liming also reduced soil retention of both urea- and straw-N and increased their loss rates. Taken together, our results indicate that although liming increases rice yield and N uptake, it lowers the use efficiency of fertilizer N and facilitates N losses. In addition, our results emphasize the need for long-term studies on the impact of liming on soil N dynamics in paddy soils. 相似文献
16.
Juan P. Fuentes David F. Bezdicek Markus Flury Stephan Albrecht Jeffrey L. Smith 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,88(1-2):123-131
Under conventional farming practices, lime is usually applied on the soil surface and then incorporated into the soil to correct soil acidity. In no-till (NT) systems, where lime is surface applied or only incorporated into the soil to very shallow depth, lime will likely not move to where it is required within reasonable time. Consequently, lime may have to be incorporated into the soil by mechanical means. The objective of this laboratory study was to characterize the effect of lime, incorporated to different depths, on chemical and biological soil properties in a long-term NT soil. Soil samples taken from the 0–5, 0–10, and 0–20 cm depths were analyzed in incubation studies for soil pH, nitrate, CO2 respiration, and microbial biomass-C (MBC). Lime (CaCO3) was applied at rates equivalent to 0, 4.4, 8.8, and 17.6 Mg ha−1. Application of lime to both 0–10 and 0–20 cm depths increased soil pH from about 4.9 by 1, 1.7, and 2.8 units for the low, medium, and high liming rates, respectively. Soil nitrate increased over time and in proportion to liming rate, suggesting that conditions were favorable for N-mineralization and nitrification. Greater respiration rates and greater MBC found in lime-treated than in non-limed soils were attributed to higher soil pH. Faster turnover rates and increased mineralization of organic matter were found in lime-treated than in non-limed soils. These studies show that below-surface lime placement is effective for correcting soil acidity under NT and that microbial activity and nitrification can be enhanced. 相似文献
17.
Julie Therese Christensen Musibau Oyeleke Azeez Rodrigo Labouriau Sabine Ravnskov Hanne Lakkenborg Kristensen Lars Juhl Munkholm Gitte Holton Rubæk 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):991-1003
Lime and phosphorus (P) applications are common agricultural management practices. Our aim was to quantify the effects of long-term application practices on root growth and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under field conditions. We assessed the effects of lime and P fertilizer applications on barley yield, root growth and AMF abundance in 2016. Treatments were no, low, medium and high liming rate corresponding to application of 0, 4, 8 and 12 Mg lime ha−1 every 5–9 years since 1942 combined with no or yearly application of 15.6 kg P ha−1 since 1944. At harvest, grain yield, root intensity (core-break) and AMF abundance at different soil depths were estimated. Root development was monitored during early growth with minirhizotrons in treatments receiving low, medium and high liming rates and P fertilization. A quadratic model relating grain yield to liming rate estimated yields to peak at 6.4 Mg lime ha−1 with yields of 4.2 and 3.2 Mg grain ha−1 with and without P fertilization, respectively. Low and medium liming rates resulted in greater AMF abundance, especially in the no P treatments. During early growth in P-fertilized treatments, 77% and 65% more roots developed in the soil profile when treated with medium and high liming rate, respectively, compared to low liming rate. We conclude that long-term application of lime in soils receiving yearly P fertilization improved conditions for root growth in soil layers below 30 cm, but at the high liming rate, this did not translate into higher yield. 相似文献
18.
Benediktas Jankauskas Erasmus Otabbong 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):60-66
Crop response to fertilization and liming was investigated in field and pot trials on sandy loam Dystric Albeluvisols (pH 4.2–4.3). Treatments in the field trial were: 1, no fertilizer; 2, PK; 3, NK; 4, NP; 5, NPK; 6, lime; 7, lime+PK; 8, lime+NK; 9, lime+NP; 10, lime+NPK. In the pot trial, they were: 1, no fertilizer; 2, N; 3, P; 4, K; 5, NP; 6, NK; 7, PK; and 8, NPK applied to unlimed and limed soils. All treatments were in four replicates. Crops sensitive to soil acidity (winter wheat, fodder beet, spring barley and clover-timothy ley) and the less acid-sensitive winter rye, potatoes, oats and lupins and oats mixture were sown in the field trial. In the pot trial, the acid-sensitive spring barley and red clover, and the less acid-sensitive oats and lupin-oats served as the test crops. Combined application of fertilizers (NPK) increased yields of crops sensitive to soil acidity in plots receiving lime by 23%, and those of crops less sensitive to soil acidity by 18% in comparison to crops grown on unlimed soils. The results of pot experiments corroborated the field results. When N was applied alone, crop yields were always higher than those recorded for P or K treatments on both the unlimed and limed treatments. N application proved to be a prerequisite for high crop yields in the soils investigated. Thus, the efficiency of P and K fertilizers increased in the order NK<NP<NPK, with the effects being accentuated more in the limed than in the unlimed treatments. The results demonstrated the importance of multi-nutrient (NPK) fertilization in combination with liming for enhancement of high crop productivity in the unlimed soil investigated. N applied alone in combination with liming produced relatively good yields; hence, where resources are limited for the purchase of P and K fertilizers, applying N and lime can be a viable option in the short term. 相似文献
19.
通过田间试验方法,研究了在铅锌矿废水污染的土壤上施用石灰1 a后,继续施用石灰和石灰后效处理对后续第1、2季低累积玉米（Zea mays）的产量以及重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量的影响,并分析了土壤pH、土壤DTPA提取态重金属含量和土壤重金属全量的变化。结果表明,连续施用石灰和石灰后效均显著提高玉米产量,其中连续施用石灰处理效果最佳,第1季籽粒产量是对照（无石灰）的6倍,第2季是对照的3.8倍。与对照相比,连续施用石灰处理显著降低了2季玉米籽粒Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量,石灰后效只能降低第2季玉米茎叶Cd、Pb和Cu含量,而籽粒Cd、Pb含量与对照相比略有升高,说明石灰后效能维持一年半左右。对照处理土壤Cd和Zn全量显著低于石灰处理,可能是土壤中Cd和Zn随着雨水的淋洗向下层迁移造成的。施用石灰可防止Cd和Zn对地下水的污染。 相似文献