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1.
黄岩  李建  王学习  王琨  叶继丹 《水产学报》2017,41(5):746-756
为了探讨饲料蛋白质和碳水化合物对斜带石斑鱼的互作效应,实验采用3×3因子设计,配制蛋白质水平(P)为38%、45%和52%,淀粉水平(S)为10%、20%和30%的9种实验饲料,分别饲喂斜带石斑鱼56 d。结果显示,38%粗蛋白与10%淀粉饲料组(38P/10S饲料组)增重率显著低于其他各组,52P/10S组增重率最高,但与45P/20S、45P/30S、52P/20S组差异不显著。增加饲料蛋白质或淀粉水平显著增加饲料效率、鱼体蛋白质与脂肪含量及肝糖原肝脂含量,而降低摄食率和鱼体水分含量。增加饲料蛋白质水平降低蛋白质效率,但增加淀粉水平却增加蛋白质效率及肝体比与脏体比。饲料蛋白质水平和淀粉水平对鱼体灰分含量无明显影响。肝中肝酯酶、脂蛋白酯酶、脂肪酸合成酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性均随蛋白质或淀粉水平的升高呈显著上升趋势。增加饲料蛋白质水平显著降低肝中葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶活性,而增加肝中苹果酸酶活性,但对肝中葡萄糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶、磷酸果糖激酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性没有明显影响。增加饲料淀粉水平显著增加肝中葡萄糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶、磷酸果糖激酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶和苹果酸酶活性,但显著降低磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶活性。上述结果显示,斜带石斑鱼的生长和肝脏代谢明显受饲料蛋白质和淀粉水平的影响,其中,糖代谢酶活性受淀粉水平的影响较大,而受饲料蛋白质水平的影响较小,斜带石斑鱼生长适宜的饲料蛋白质和淀粉水平分别为45%和20%。  相似文献   

2.
为研究饲料中添加3种不同的碳水化合物对大黄鱼生长性能、饲料利用以及糖代谢关键酶活性的影响,进行为期8周的生长实验和持续24 h的饥饿实验。以葡萄糖、小麦淀粉和糊精这3种碳水化合物作为糖源,设计3组等氮等脂(48%粗蛋白和12%粗脂肪)的饲料。选用初始体质量为(8.51±0.02)g的大黄鱼450尾,随机分为3组(每组3个重复,每个重复50尾)。养殖实验结束后进行饥饿实验,分别在饥饿实验开始后的0、1、3、5、7、9、11和24 h取样。结果显示,小麦淀粉组和糊精组大黄鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著高于葡萄糖组,且这2个饲料组的饲料系数显著低于葡萄糖组。糊精组大黄鱼的肝体比显著高于其余2组大黄鱼的肝体比。饲料中添加3种不同碳水化合物对大黄鱼成活率、脏体比和肥满度无显著性影响。葡萄糖组和小麦淀粉组大黄鱼血糖含量在饥饿1 h后都开始显著上升,葡萄糖组高血糖水平持续至少10 h;小麦淀粉组3 h显著下降至初始水平左右,未达到高血糖水平;糊精组大黄鱼血糖含量随着时间的推移持续升高,在11 h达到最大值,高血糖水平持续4 h。饲料中添加3种不同碳水化合物对大黄鱼血清胰岛素和肝糖原含量有显著性影响。小麦淀粉对大黄鱼肝脏葡萄糖激酶(GK)活性的升高有诱导作用。大黄鱼摄食3种不同碳水化合物饲料后鱼体血糖水平升高,但糖异生关键酶如葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶(FBPase)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)的活性并不降低。饲料中添加葡萄糖和小麦淀粉对大黄鱼肝脏丙酮酸激酶(PK)活性有显著性影响。研究表明,大黄鱼利用结构复杂的多糖(如小麦淀粉和糊精)的能力要高于单糖(如葡萄糖),3种不同碳水化合物对大黄鱼血糖调节及糖酵解和糖异生途径关键酶活性的影响存在差异。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨饲料中添加不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、饲料利用以及糖代谢关键酶活力的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。设计了3个小麦淀粉水平(5%、10%和30%)和2个脂肪水平(5%和10%)的3×2的两因子实验,配制了6种等氮的饲料,分别喂养平均体质量为(6.75±0.12)g的大黄鱼幼鱼。结果显示,饲料中小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对大黄鱼增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)、成活率(SR)、肝体比(HSI)和肥满度(CF)无显著交互作用,对脏体比(VSI)有显著交互作用。在同一脂肪水平下,淀粉水平为30%组WG和SGR显著高于10%淀粉组。不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对肝糖原含量无显著交互作用,而对肌糖原含量有显著交互作用,在饲料脂肪水平为5%时,30%小麦淀粉水平下的肝糖原含量显著高于10%和20%淀粉水平,10%淀粉水平下的肌糖原含量显著高于20%和30%淀粉水平;在脂肪水平为10%时,10%淀粉水平下的肝糖原含量显著高于20%和30%淀粉水平,而30%小麦淀粉水平下的肌糖原含量显著高于10%和20%淀粉水平。小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量无显著交互作用,对总蛋白(TP)和甘油三酯(TG)交互作用显著。不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对肝脏脂肪酶活性有显著的交互作用,对淀粉酶活性无显著交互作用;同一脂肪水平下,脂肪酶的活性随着淀粉水平的升高而升高,同一饲料淀粉水平下,饲料脂肪水平为10%组的脂肪酶活性显著高于5%组。不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对肝脏丙酮酸激酶(PK)的活性有显著的交互作用,而对葡萄糖激酶(GK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、1,6-二磷酸果糖酶(FBPase)和6-磷酸葡萄糖酶(G6Pase)的活性均无显著交互作用。研究表明,当饲料脂肪水平为5%时,大黄鱼能够通过调节糖酵解关键酶活性及肝糖原含量来维持血糖平衡,改善对小麦淀粉的利用能力;而当脂肪水平为10%时,大黄鱼对小麦淀粉的利用能力降低。  相似文献   

4.
分别以糊精、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、α-淀粉(预糊化玉米淀粉)、蔗糖、葡萄糖为糖源,配制6种等氮等能的半纯化饲料,喂养达氏鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)幼鱼(68.05 g±1.63 g)8周,研究饲料中糖源对达氏鲟幼鱼生长性能、体成分及生理生化指标的影响。结果发现糊精、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、α-淀粉组实验鱼饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著高于蔗糖和葡萄糖组(P0.05),玉米淀粉组实验鱼增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率最高。不同糖源对达氏鲟肥满度影响不显著(P0.05),而对肝体比和脏体比均影响显著(P0.05)。肝体比和脏体比最高的为葡萄糖组,最低的为小麦淀粉组。小麦淀粉组全鱼、肌肉和肝中粗蛋白含量最高,葡萄糖组全鱼和肌肉的粗蛋白含量最低且均显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。糊精、蔗糖和葡萄糖组全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。α-淀粉组肝糖原显著高于其他各组(P0.05),α-淀粉组和葡萄糖组肌糖原显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。肝和血液中甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量和肌体和血液中糖水平呈正相关。不同糖源对达氏鲟消化道消化酶和肝丙酮酸激酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸激酶活性影响显著(P0.05),对肝己糖激酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性影响不显著(P0.05)。研究结果表明,在饲料中添加玉米淀粉作为糖源更有利于达氏鲟幼鱼生长。  相似文献   

5.
白富瑾  罗莉  陈任孝  陈拥军  罗浩  李玉  李云  文华 《水产学报》2015,39(7):1024-1033
为探讨饲料中不同有效磷水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体组成及生化指标的影响,以磷酸二氢钙(MCP)为磷源,配制含有效磷(AP)水平分别为0.52%(对照组)、0.61%、0.70%、0.78%、0.87%、0.96%和1.05%的7种等氮等能实用饲料,饲喂初始均重为(29.40±0.15)g的实验鱼。每种饲料设置3个重复,每个重复放25尾鱼,进行56 d的养殖实验。结果表明:饲料AP水平对罗非鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)和脏体比(VSI)均有显著影响(P<0.05)。以WGR为评价指标,通过二次回归分析得出,罗非鱼饲料的适宜AP水平为0.80%。随饲料AP水平的增加,罗非鱼全鱼总磷和灰分含量显著增加并达到稳定(P<0.05),而全鱼水分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),全鱼和肠系膜、肝脏组织脂肪含量均显著下降(P<0.05)。用折线模型分析全鱼磷和灰分含量,得出罗非鱼幼鱼对饲料AP的需求量分别为0.81%和0.80%。随饲料AP水平的增加,肝脏苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)和肝酯酶(HL)活性均显著增加(P<0.05)。血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著下降(P<0.05),而碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著上升(P<0.05),血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升后降趋势,在0.78%水平组达到最大值,而肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量正好相反,在0.78%水平组最低。综上所述,研究结果表明:吉富罗非鱼(30~150 g)实用饲料的最适有效磷水平为0.80%。  相似文献   

6.
为研究饲料中精氨酸(Arg)、赖氨酸(Lys)水平及其相互作用对大菱鲆生长、体成分和肌肉氨基酸含量的影响,本实验以初始体质量为(18.48±0.16)g的大菱鲆作为研究对象,采用3×3双因素设计,在基础饲料中分别添加Arg(0%、0.9%和2.0%)和Lys(0%、1.19%和2.39%),配制成9种等氮等能的实验饲料,每个处理设3个重复,每重复30尾鱼,养殖周期为8周。实验结果表明,当饲料中Lys添加量为1.19%时,大菱鲆增重率和特定生长率较其他两种添加量组显著升高(P < 0.05),但精氨酸的添加对其影响不显著且与赖氨酸之间不存在交互作用(P > 0.05)。饲料效率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质保留率和鱼体蛋白质含量受饲料中Lys和Arg添加量的交互影响(P < 0.05),在Arg和Lys添加量分别为0.9%和1.19%时,数值最高,显著高于赖氨酸未添加组和高添加组(P < 0.05)。全鱼粗脂肪、水分、灰分和形体指标不受Arg和Lys的交互作用影响(P > 0.05)。粗脂肪和水分随Lys的添加量升高而显著降低(P < 0.05);肝体比和脏体比均随饲料中Arg和Lys添加量的升高而显著降低(P < 0.05)。肌肉中大多数氨基酸含量受饲料Arg和Lys添加量的交互作用,显著性最低值均出现在Arg和Lys添加量分别为0.9%和2.39%组(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明,Arg和Lys的交互作用显著影响了大菱鲆幼鱼的饲料效率、鱼体蛋白质沉积和肌肉氨基酸含量;Arg和Lys添加量分别为0.9%和1.19%时,大菱鲆有最大生长和饲料利用效率;与Arg相比,Lys为主要影响因素,适量添加Lys可以促进生长,而添加量过高Lys会与Arg产生拮抗作用,抑制生长、饲料利用和肌肉氨基酸沉积。  相似文献   

7.
王菲  李向飞  李贵锋  刘文斌 《水产学报》2015,39(9):1386-1394
本试验研究了饲料中不同糖脂比对建鲤幼鱼生长、体组成、消化及糖酵解的影响。试验共配制6组等氮等能的半纯合饲料,对应糖脂比分别为2.3,3.0,4.0,5.6,7.7和12.1。将鱼饱食投喂8周,每日投喂3次。试验结果表明,当饲料糖脂比从2.3升高至7.7时,增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和蛋白保留率均显著升高(P < 0.05);而当糖脂比进一步升高时,其均呈下降趋势,但差异不显著(P > 0.05);饲料系数的变化趋势与其相反。建鲤幼鱼的脏体比以及全鱼、胴体和肝脏脂肪含量随着饲料糖脂比的降低均显著升高(P < 0.05),而全鱼、胴体和肝脏的蛋白质含量无显著差异(P > 0.05)。肠道淀粉酶活性随着糖脂比的升高显著升高(P < 0.05),而脂肪酶的变化趋势则相反(P < 0.05)。此外,血糖和胰岛素水平、肝糖原含量及肝脏葡萄糖激酶和丙酮酸激酶活性随饲料糖脂比的升高均显著升高(P < 0.05),血液中总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量则随着糖脂比的降低显著升高(P < 0.05)。根据二次回归模型得出,在等氮等能的饲料条件下,建鲤幼鱼最适宜的糖水平和脂肪水平分别为38.21%和4.69%,对应的糖脂比为8.14。  相似文献   

8.
为评价不同饲料脂肪水平对白甲鱼(Onychostoma simus)幼鱼消化酶活性的影响,以豆油为脂肪源,分别以6种脂肪水平(2.83%、4.52%、6.68%、9.14%、11.35%、14.07%)的试验饲料养殖初始均质量(0.78±0.05)g的白甲鱼60 d。结果表明:随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,肠蛋白酶活性均呈下降趋势,但当饲料脂肪水平≥9.14%时差异不显著(P>0.05);肝胰脏蛋白酶活性在饲料脂肪水平<9.14%时无明显变化(P>0.05),脂肪水平>9.14%时显著降低(P<0.05);肠脂肪酶活性随着饲料脂肪水平的升高呈上升趋势;肝胰脏脂肪酶活性随饲料脂肪水平的升高呈先升后降的变化趋势,饲料脂肪水平≥11.35%时,肝胰脏脂肪酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),前肠淀粉酶活性无明显变化(P>0.05),中肠淀粉酶活性呈先升后降的变化趋势,后肠淀粉酶活性则略有下降(P>0.05),肝胰脏淀粉酶活性则呈先升后降的变化趋势,但差异不明显(P>0.05)。研究表明,适宜的饲料脂肪水平能改善白甲鱼幼鱼消化酶的活性,提高对饲料营养物质的消化利用率。  相似文献   

9.
饲料蛋白水平对方格星虫稚虫日增重和消化酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探讨饲料蛋白水平对方格星虫稚虫日增重和消化酶活性的影响,以9种蛋白水平(25.21%、29.87%、35.03%、40.67%、45.47%、50.12%、55.29%、60.38%、64.85%)的等能微颗粒饲料(以D1-D9表示)饲喂稚星虫8周。结果表明,饲料蛋白水平对稚星虫的日增重有显著影响(P<0.05)。随着饲料蛋白水平的提高,稚星虫的日增重呈先增后降的趋势,在D5组达到最大值。对稚星虫消化酶活性的分析表明,稚星虫蛋白酶活性随着饲料蛋白水平的上升呈先增后降的趋势,在D6组达到最大值,且显著高于D1-D5组(P<0.05);淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性随着饲料蛋白水平的上升有显著降低的趋势(P<0.05),D9组稚星虫的淀粉酶活性显著低于D1-D4组(P<0.05);D9组稚星虫脂肪酶活性显著低于除D8组外的其他各蛋白水平组(P<0.05)。以日增重为评价指标,稚星虫对饲料蛋白的适宜需求量为46.69%。  相似文献   

10.
以葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、玉米淀粉和糊化玉米淀粉为糖源制成5种等氮等脂饲料,投喂卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)8周,研究不同糖源对其日增重、饲料利用和肝脏消化酶活性的影响。结果显示,不同糖源对卵形鲳鲹日增重、饲料效率和蛋白效率均有显著影响(P0.05)。糊化玉米淀粉组的日增重、饲料效率和蛋白效率均最高,显著高于非淀粉糖源组(P0.05),而与玉米淀粉组无显著差异(P0.05);葡萄糖组的日增重、饲料效率和蛋白效率均最低,显著低于其他糖源组(P0.05)。消化酶活性结果显示,饲料中的不同糖源对卵形鲳鲹的肝脏消化酶活性有显著影响(P0.05)。两个淀粉组的蛋白酶活性显著低于分子量较低其他三组(P0.05);蔗糖组的淀粉酶活性最高,显著高于除糊精组外的其他糖源组(P0.05);脂肪酶活性随着糖分子量的增大而增大。本研究中淀粉类大分子糖类对卵形鲳鲹的促生长效果优于葡萄糖、蔗糖和糊精,糊化玉米淀粉组的促生长效果最好。  相似文献   

11.
A 60-day experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary gelatinized (G) and non-gelatinized (NG) starch on the key metabolic enzymes of glycolysis (hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), gluconeogenesis (glucose-6 phosphatase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase), protein metabolism (aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase), and TCA cycle (malate dehydrogenase) in Labeo rohita juveniles. In the analysis, 234 juveniles (2.53 ± 0.04 g) were randomly distributed into six treatment groups each with three replicates. Six semi-purified diets containing NG and G cornstarch, each at six levels of inclusion (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100) were prepared viz., T1 (100% NG, 0% G starch), T2 (80% NG, 20% G starch), T3 (60% NG, 40% G starch), T4 (40% NG, 60% G starch), T5 (20% NG, 80% G starch), and T6 (0% NG, 100% G starch). Dietary G:NG starch ratio had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the glycolytic enzymes, the highest activities were observed in the T6 group and lowest in the T1 group. On the contrary, the gluconeogenic enzymes, the glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase activities in the organs, liver and kidney were recorded highest in the T1 group and lowest in the T6 group. The liver aspartate amino transferase activity showed an increasing trend with the decrease in the dietary G level. However, the muscle aspartate amino transferase activity was not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by the type of dietary starch. The alanine amino transferase activity in both liver and muscle showed an increasing trend with the decrease in the dietary G level. The liver and muscle malate dehydrogenase activities were lowest in the T6 group and highest in the T1 group. Results suggest that NG (100%) starch diet significantly induced more the enzyme activities of amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and TCA cycle, whereas partial or total replacement of raw starch by gelatinized starch increased the glycolytic enzyme activity.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of this study was to assess the role of soluble non-starch polysaccharide (guar gum) on white sea bream Diplodus sargus, glucose and lipid metabolism. A control diet was formulated to contain 40 % crude protein, 14 % crude lipids and 35 % pregelatinized maize starch, and three other diets were formulated similar to the control diet except for guar gum, which was included at 4 % (diet GG4), 8 % (diet GG8) or 12 % (diet GG12). Diets were fed to the fish for 9 weeks on a pair-feeding scheme. Guar gum had no effect on growth performance, feed efficiency, glycaemia, cholesterolaemia and plasma triacylglyceride levels. Hepatic glucokinase and pyruvate kinase activities, liver glycogen content and liver insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression were not affected by dietary guar gum, while fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity was lower in fish fed guar gum–supplemented diets. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was higher in fish fed diets GG4 and GG8 than in the control group. Overall, data suggest that in contrast to mammals guar gum had no effect on white sea bream glucose utilization and in lowering plasma cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels. However, it seems to contribute to lower endogenous glucose production.  相似文献   

13.
A growth trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance, feed utilization and metabolism of juvenile spotted babylon. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets (48% crude protein and 15 MJ kg− 1 diet) using wheat starch as the carbohydrate source, were formulated to contain six carbohydrate levels. Triplicate groups of 45 animals (initial average weight, 168.39 ± 0.69 mg) were stocked in 120-l tanks and fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 10 weeks. Growth performance and feed utilization were significantly affected by dietary carbohydrate level. Maximum weight gain and specific growth rate occurred at 20% dietary starch inclusion, survival and soft body to shell ratios were not significantly different among diets. There were significant differences in protein, lipid, moisture and glycogen content in soft body. Glycogen content in soft body was positively correlated with dietary starch level. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly affected by dietary starch level, with both peaking in the 20% treatment; however, there were no significant differences in 6-phosphofructokinase activity in any treatment. Quadratic regression analysis of weight gain against dietary starch level indicated that the optimal dietary carbohydrate level for maximum weight gain of juvenile spotted babylon is 27.1% of dry diet.  相似文献   

14.
本实验以我国重要的海水养殖鱼类大黄鱼[初始体质量(13.57±0.33)g]为研究对象,在浮式网箱中进行为期8周的摄食生长实验,探讨饲料脂肪水平和投喂频率对大黄鱼生长、体组成及脂肪沉积的影响。采用3×2双因子实验设计,其中饲料脂肪水平分别为9%、12%和15%,投喂频率分别为2次/天和1次/天。结果表明:投喂频率对大黄鱼特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FER)均有显著影响(P<0.05),而饲料脂肪水平仅对FER有显著影响(P<0.05)。2次/天投喂组的大黄鱼末体质量和SGR均显著高于1次/天投喂组,而饲料效率显著低(P<0.05)。在2次/天投喂时,各个饲料脂肪水平对SGR和FER没有显著影响(P>0.05)。而在1次/天投喂时,随着饲料脂肪水平的提高,SGR和FER均显著提高(P<0.05)。2次/天投喂组的大黄鱼全鱼水分含量显著低于1次/天投喂组,而粗脂肪含量显著高(P<0.05)。大黄鱼全鱼粗脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平的增加而显著升高(P<0.05)。然而在1次/天投喂时,饲料脂肪水平未对全鱼体粗脂肪含量产生显著影响(P>0.05)。大黄鱼的肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量、肝体比(HSI)以及脏体比(VSI)受到了饲料脂肪水平的显著影响(P<0.05)。在2次/天投喂时,肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量、HSI以及VSI随饲料脂肪水平的升高而显著增加(P<0.05);而在1次/天投喂时,各个饲料脂肪组大黄鱼肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量、HSI以及VSI均无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料脂肪水平和投喂频率仅对大黄鱼的生长、饲料效率的影响存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),而对大黄鱼体组成、形态学指标以及肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量无显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

15.
An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios (CHO : L) on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activities, and hepatic enzyme activities of juvenile large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isoenergetic (18 kJ/g gross energy) diets with varying CHO : L ratios (0.07, 0.48, 1.20, 2.19, 4.81, and 10.48) were fed to triplicate groups of large yellow croaker in floating sea cages. Results showed that the highest specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed diets with CHO : L ratio of 2.19. Fish fed the lower (0.07 and 0.48) CHO : L ratios tended to produce lower growth (P < 0.05). The whole‐body lipid content significantly decreased, while hepatosomatic index, liver glycogen content, and plasma glucose concentration significantly increased as dietary CHO : L ratios increased (P < 0.05). Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased with elevated dietary CHO : L ratios (P < 0.05). The increasing dietary CHO : L ratios significantly stimulated the activities of intestinal amylase and hepatic pyruvate kinase and depressed the activity of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (P < 0.05). Based on a second‐order polynomial regression analysis of SGR, 2.38 was determined as the optimal dietary CHO : L ratio for juvenile large yellow croaker.  相似文献   

16.
李玉娟  唐立  颜顺  陆静  邵庆均 《水产学报》2014,38(9):1476-1485
为探究日粮中不同蛋白质与碳水化合物水平对黑鲷肌肉营养组成和质地的影响,实验配置了41.0%和37.5%2种蛋白质水平下3种碳水化合物水平(以小麦面粉为碳水化合物源,使用量分别为19%,24%,29%)的实验饲料,分别记为L1(19/41),L2(24/41),L3(29/41),L4(19/37.5),L5(24/37.5),L6(29/37.5)。实验以黑鲷幼鱼[均重(9.95±0.22)g)]为研究对象,投喂上述实验饲料养殖8周后,分析肌肉常规营养与氨基酸组成,测定肌纤维密度,并采用TA.XT plus质构分析仪进行质地多面剖析(TPA)模拟测试。结果显示,不同饲料蛋白质与碳水化合物比例对黑鲷背肌粗蛋白、粗脂肪无显著性影响(P0.05);对背肌谷氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸和蛋氨酸含量均具有显著影响(P0.05),而对其余氨基酸含量与总量均无显著性影响(P0.05);此外,对背肌硬度产生显著性影响(P0.05)。在同一碳水化合物水平下,蛋白质水平降低,背肌硬度、胶性显著减小(P0.05),恢复性显著增大(P0.05);而在同一蛋白水质平下,随着碳水化合物水平升高,背肌硬度、恢复性出现显著性差异(P0.05);蛋白水平降低,肌纤维密度下降(P0.05)。研究表明,2种蛋白质水平下不同碳水化合物水平对黑鲷背肌的常规营养组成无显著性影响,但对氨基酸组成和质地有一定影响。  相似文献   

17.
The effect of dietary carbohydrate complexity on growth, feed utilization and activity of selected key liver enzymes of intermediary metabolism were studied in gilthead sea bream juveniles. Four isonitrogenous (50% crude protein) and isolipidic (16% crude lipids) diets were formulated to contain 20% of pregelatinized maize starch, dextrin, maltose or glucose. Triplicate groups of fish (117 g initial weight) were fed each diet to near satiation during 6 weeks. No effect of dietary carbohydrate on growth was noticed. Feed efficiency was lower in fish fed the glucose diet than the maltose and dextrin diets. The lowest protein efficiency ratio was observed in fish fed the glucose diet. Six hours after feeding, glycemia was higher in fish fed the glucose diet than the maltose and starch diets. Liver glycogen content was unaffected by dietary carbohydrate complexity. Hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity was higher in fish fed the glucose and the maltose diets, while higher pyruvate kinase (PK) activity was recorded in fish fed the glucose diet than in fish fed the starch diet. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities were higher in fish fed the starch diet compared to dextrin and glucose diets. Data suggest that dietary glucose and maltose are more effective than complex carbohydrates in enhancing liver glycolytic activity. Dietary glucose also seems to be more effective than starch in depressing liver gluconeogenic and lipogenic activities. Overall, dietary maltose, dextrin or starch was better utilized than glucose as energy source by gilthead sea bream juveniles.  相似文献   

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