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为评价复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂对泌乳期奶牛临床型乳房炎的治疗效果,在甘肃某两个牛场选择70头自然发生的临床型乳房炎奶牛进行临床试验。将患病奶牛随机分为试验组(n=36头)和对照组(n=34头)。试验用药和对照用药分别为郑州百瑞动物药业有限公司和齐鲁动物保健品有限公司提供的复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂。每个感染乳区注入3 g药物,每12 h注射1次,连续用药3 d。在用药前、停药后7 d及14 d采集各组奶牛的奶样进行细菌学检测及乳汁体细胞计数。通过临床观察、细菌清除率及体细胞计数变化对临床疗效进行评价。停药后14 d,试验组和对照组的临床治愈率分别为58.3%和61.8%,细菌总清除率分别为94.12%和93.55%。两组奶样中的SCC在治疗后均显著下降(P<0.01)。两组临床疗效无统计学差异(P>0.05),表明试验用药对奶牛临床型乳房炎具有良好的治疗效果。 相似文献
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纳米银乳房注入剂对奶牛乳房炎的临床效果观察 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为进一步评价纳米银乳房注入剂对奶牛乳房炎的临床效果和安全性,在内蒙古呼和浩特市、包头市2个地区选择临床型乳房炎患牛188头,隐性乳房炎阳性牛294头,对3个批次的药物进行临床药效观察.结果表明,纳米银乳房注入剂不同批次对同一病情的临床型乳房炎治疗效果无显著差异(P>0.05).病情的轻重对药物疗效存在极显著差异(P<0.01);3批药物对轻度和重度临床型乳房炎的平均治愈率分别为80.2%和71.4%,平均有效率为92.7%和83.1%.对隐性乳房炎相同给药处理后.平均头转阴率为88.1%,平均乳区转阴率为91.2%,表明纳米银乳房注入剂对不同程度的临床型乳房炎和隐性乳房炎均具有显著的治疗效果.同时,所有应用纳米银乳房注入剂的患牛,均未见全身或局部过敏反应及局部刺激性反应,药物具有较高的安全全性. 相似文献
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乳酸链球菌素治疗奶牛乳房炎效果观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乳酸链球菌素（Nisin）是由乳酸链球菌产生的合有34个氨基酸的抗菌肽,对人体无害。本研究将患临床型乳房炎奶牛92头（107个乳区）和隐性乳房炎奶牛90头（90个乳区）随机分成试验组和对照组。试验组的治疗方法是在患病乳区灌注Nisin;临床型乳房炎以庆大霉素乳房内灌注作对照,隐性乳房炎的对照组不作任何处理。临床型乳房炎的Nisin治疗组细菌学治愈率和临床治愈率分别为60．8％和90．2％,而庆大霉素治疗组则分别为44.6％和91．2％,两者无统计学差异。隐性乳房炎经Nisin治疗后,高体细胞数奶牛的数量和牛奶中NAGase的活性均显著下降,细菌转阴率提高。乳酸菌发酵试验表明,经Nisin乳房内灌注治疗临床型乳房炎后,牛奶在第36小时恢复正常发酵,而庆大霉素治疗则需要72h。 相似文献
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本试验第一次试用鱼腥草注射液治疗8头泌乳奶牛,10个临床型乳房炎区,采用乳管内注入药物和乳管内灌注的同时肌肉内注射的两种用药途径。结果显示,一个疗程乳炎区治愈率达30%,好转率70%,总有效率达100%。同样的药物,进行第二期治疗试验10头11个乳区,总体治愈率33.3%,好转率100%,而乳房灌注结合肌肉内注射组乳炎区治愈率80%。将第一期好转病例改用抗生素治疗1～2次后,很快治愈。 相似文献
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本试验通过对患牛体细胞以及其它临床指标的检测和观察,评估了复合蛋白酶注入剂对临床型奶牛乳房炎的治疗效果。按照1支/乳区·次,连续用药3次,每次间隔12 h给药的临床使用方案,推荐剂量组(糜蛋白酶8 mg+胰蛋白酶8 mg组)制剂对临床型奶牛乳房炎的有效率达到88.2%,治愈率高达70.6%;对患病乳区病原菌菌株数清除作用减少50%以上;奶牛乳房炎评分均值从5.70提升到7.90;体细胞均值从138.20万个/m L降低到75.40万个/m L。与传统抗生素药物的治疗比较,虽然治疗效果不及有些种类的抗生素的效果,但作为一种全新概念的复合蛋白酶制剂用做奶牛乳房炎的治疗药物,不仅避免了细菌耐药性和药物残留等问题,而且为复合酶制剂的开发和应用于治疗奶牛乳房炎提供了全新的思路。 相似文献
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为研究乳房灌注复方阿莫西林纳米乳(AMX-LH-NE)治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎的效果,将临床型乳房炎奶牛的乳区随机分为AMX-LH-NE高、中、低剂量组和青链霉素组(阳性药物对照组)4组。结果高、中剂量的AMX-LH-NE对泌乳期奶牛临床型乳房炎的治疗效果均显著优于低剂量AMX-LH-NE和青链霉素(P<0.05);中剂量组病原菌转阴率与青链霉素组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,可用中剂量AMX-LH-NE治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎,对于临床症状较重的病例,可以适当提高用药量。 相似文献
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阿莫西林钠对奶牛乳房炎的防治试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对奶牛临床型乳房炎的治疗试验结果表明,以5 mg/kg体重,肌肉注射阿莫西林钠,1日2次,连用3 d,治愈率达91.3%,对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗结果表明:治疗组产犊后隐性乳房炎乳区阳性率分别为78.6%和7.1%,与青霉素-链霉素粉针药物对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2019,(6)
为了探讨头孢洛宁乳房注入剂对干乳期乳腺炎的防治作用,本研究采用微量稀释法测定比较了头孢洛宁、头孢匹林、阿莫西林和氯唑西林对乳腺炎病原菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乳房链球菌、停乳链球菌、无乳链球菌)的体外抗菌活性;并且,随机选择60头进入干乳期的临床健康奶牛,在最后一次挤奶后每头牛的每个乳区分别灌注一管受试药物或对照药物(氨苄西林-苄星氯唑西林乳房注入剂)。对入选的每头奶牛分别在干奶前、以及产后1、3、5 d,采集每个乳区的乳样进行体细胞计数和细菌学检查。在药物处理后至产后14 d内,每天对受试动物进行临床型乳腺炎检查。结果显示,头孢洛宁、头孢匹林、阿莫西林、氯唑西林对分离自奶牛乳腺炎的大肠杆菌MIC_(50)分别为4、8、8μg/mL128μg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC_(50)分别为0.125、0.25、2、1μg/mL;对乳房链球菌的MIC_(50)分别为4、8、16、128μg/mL;对停乳链球菌的MIC_(50)分别为8、8、8、128μg/mL;对无乳链球菌MIC_(50)分别为0.25、4、0.25、32μg/mL。临床药学研究显示,头孢洛宁乳房注入剂对干乳期奶牛乳腺炎具有良好的防治效果,对不同细菌感染治愈率介于66.6%～100%之间,新感染发生率低于8.3%。在治愈率、新感染率及细菌学清除率方面和对照药物(氨苄西林-苄星氯唑西林乳房注入剂)相比均无显著性差异。表明头孢洛宁对引起奶牛乳腺炎的主要病原菌均具有良好的抗菌活性,干乳期奶牛每乳区灌注一管250 mg的头孢洛宁干乳期乳房注入剂能有效治疗干乳期隐性乳腺炎和预防新的乳腺炎感染。 相似文献
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Krömker V Paduch JH Abograra I Zinke C Friedrich J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(3-4):161-167
This field study focuses on the possible effects of a combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment (carprofen) and a local and parenteral antibiotic on cure rates, survival rate and return to milk production of severe clinical mastitis cases. 69 cows in 3 herds (blocked by parity) with severe clinical mastitis during the first 120 d of lactation (median = 28 d) were treated with antibiotics and one-half of these cows were treated with 1.4 mg/kg bodyweight carprofen (Rimadyl Rind, Pfizer GmbH Tiergesundheit, Germany). Double milk samples for bacteriology were collected from clinically affected udder quarters before treatment and at 14 (+/- 3) and 21 (+/- 3) days after commencement of treatment for cytomicro-temperature, clinical, bacteriological, cytobacteriological cure rate and in the number of cows that were defined as treatment failures (i.e., died, re-treated, relapse). Six (22.2%) vs. seven (19.4%) cows in the carprofen and control groups failed, respectively. The milk yield was significantly higher in the carprofen-treated group compared with the control group after treatment. The present work gives first indications that treatment of cows with severe clinical mastitis with a combination of carprofen and antibiotics could result in a faster return to milk production compared to treatment with antibiotics alone. If this effect can be affiliated to the administration of carprofen alone has to be examined in further studies. 相似文献
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在应用HMT试液诊断的139头奶牛中,选择乳房炎阳性反应奶牛123头,418个乳区(含临床型和亚临床型乳区8个),分为8mw激光照射组、18mw激光照射组、青霉素乳头注入对照组和不治疗对照组进行试验。激光照射组全用原光束,距离30～40cm,时间分别为8min和10min,照射乳中穴,每天一次,共照射七天。在激光照射疗效方面,以8mw组为最高,对各型乳房炎乳区治愈率为85.81％,好转率为11.49％,总有效率为97.3％;对隐性型乳区治愈率为90.7％,好转率为8.6％,总有效率为99.3％;药物对照组对隐性型治愈率为28.13％,好转率为25％,总有效率为53.13％;不治疗对照组试前乳区阳性率为73.6％,试后乳区阳性率为78.02％,自然发病增长率为4.42％。试验中还测定了各种处理对产奶量的影响,结果表明,以18mw组为最好,平均每日每头增加1.6318kg,药物对照组和不治疗对照组平均每日每头分别减少0.3989kg和0.581kg,经统计处理,激光照射组与对照组之间差异极为显著。 相似文献
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McDougall S 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1998,46(6):226-232
AIM: To compare the bacteriological and clinical cure rates for clinical and subclinical mastitis in New Zealand dairy cows following treatment with either an intramammary penicillin-dihydrosptreptomycin preparation or a subcutaneous injection of penethamate hydriodide. METHODS: Milk samples were collected from clinical and subclinical cases of mastitis before and 14 and 21 days after initiation of treatment for bacteriological culture, somatic cell count determination and conductivity testing. RESULTS: No significant differences in the bacteriological cure rate of major Gram-positive pathogens, clinical cure rate, somatic cell count or conductivity were found between treatments. However, the bacteriological cure rate of coagulase-negative staphylococcus infections and the overall bacteriological cure rate was lower for quarters treated with penethamate than with penicillin-dihydrosptreptomycin. CONCLUSIONS: The bacteriological cure rate of mastitis caused by major Gram-positive pathogens, the clinical cure rate, somatic cell count and conductivity did not differ between the two antibiotic treatments. . 相似文献
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S. McDougall 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):226-232
Aim. To compare the bacteriological and clinical cure rates for clinical and subclinical mastitis in New Zealand dairy cows following treatment with either an intramammary penicillin-dihydrosptreptomycin preparation or a subcutaneous injection of penethamate hydriodide. Methods. Milk samples were collected from clinical and subclinical cases of mastitis before and 14 and 21 days after initiation of treatment for bacteriological culture, somatic cell count determination and conductivity testing. Results. No significant differences in the bacteriological cure rate of major Gram-positive pathogens, clinical cure rate, somatic cell count or conductivity were found between treatments. However, the bacteriological cure ralte of coagulase-negative staphylococcus infections and the overall bacteriological cure rate was lower for quarters treated with penethamate than with penicillin-dihydrosptreptomycin. Conclusions. The bacteriological cure rate of mastitis caused by major Gram-positive pathogens, the clinical cure rate, somatic cell count and conductivity did not differ between the two antibiotic treatments. 相似文献
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A field trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of a single intramammary infusion of cefoperazone in the treatment of clinical bovine mastitis. 110 cases of naturally occurring mastitis were treated and the clinical and bacteriological cure rates at day 14 after treatment were recorded. 相似文献
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A comparative field trial of cephalonium and cloxacillin for dry cow therapy for mastitis in Australian dairy cows 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the therapeutic efficacy of dry cow agents containing either cephalonium or cloxacillin within Australian dairy herds. DESIGN: A treatment-control trial. METHODS: Milk from infected quarters of cows with high somatic cell counts in milk on eight Australian dairy farms was cultured to identify bacterial pathogens. Cows were randomly assigned to treatment groups and one group was treated with cephalonium at drying off and the other group was treated with cloxacillin at drying off. Milk samples from infected quarters were collected immediately after calving and were cultured for pathogens. The effect of treatment on bacteriological cure was examined and somatic cell counts from infected cows from the first two herd tests after calving were examined for a treatment effect. On four farms, milk samples were collected for culture from all cases of clinical mastitis identified within the first 7 days after calving. The effect of treatment upon incidence of clinical mastitis after calving was examined. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between treatments on quarter cure rates for new infections, for chronic infections and for infections with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. Infected quarters treated with cephalonium had a significantly higher cure rate than quarters treated with cloxacillin when Corynebacterium bovis and Staphylococcus epidermids were included as pathogens combined (80.3% versus 70.7%). There was no significant difference between the treatments on somatic cell counts of infected cows at the first two herd tests after calving. There was no difference between treatments on the incidence of clinical mastitis in the first 7 days after calving. 相似文献
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Efficacy of conventional and extended intra-mammary treatment of persistent sub-clinical mastitis with cefquinome in lactating dairy cows 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Kasravi R Bolourchi M Farzaneh N Seifi HA Barin A Hovareshti P Gharagozlou F 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1203-1210
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of intra-mammary-administered cefquinome for the treatment
of sub-clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows and to determine if extended therapy would enhance treatment efficacy. Seventy-three
Holstein dairy cows from a single farm with 150 infected quarters were enrolled in the study. Infected cows were allocated
randomly to one of three treatment regimens: (1) conventional (standard) regimen: 75 mg of cefquinome administered three times
at 16-h intervals (25 infected cows, 52 intra-mammary infections (IMI)), (2) extended regimen: 75 mg of cefquinome administered
six times at 16-h intervals (26 infected cows, 58 IMI) and (3) negative untreated control group (22 cows, 40 IMI). Most IMI
were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae and coliforms. The overall bacteriological cure (BC) rates for sub-clinical IMI were 84.61%, 91.37% and 20% for the conventional,
extended and the control groups, respectively, indicating a higher BC rate for the treated groups than the control group (P < 0.001). Significant differences in somatic cell count (SCC) were detected between the treated versus the control group
(P < 0.001). No differences, concerning the BC rate or SCC, were observed between the extended and the conventional groups.
Although fat and protein percentages increased in the treated groups, there were no significant differences in post-treatment
milk production between the groups. Results of this study indicate that cefquinome therapy was effective in reducing SCC and
eliminating sub-clinical IMI in lactating dairy cows, but extended therapy did not enhance treatment efficacy. 相似文献
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Wraight MD 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2003,51(1):26-32
AIMS: To assess the efficacy of a commercial intramammary preparation containing cefuroxime as a treatment for clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. METHODS: Clinical mastitis cases (n=440) were identified during early to mid lactation on 36 seasonally-calving commercial dairy herds in south-western Victoria, Australia, that ranged in size from 140 to 550 cows. A milk sample for bacterial culture was collected from each affected quarter prior to treatment. Cases were treated using a commercial intramammary antibiotic product containing either 250 mg cefuroxime or 200 mg cloxacillin, according to the manufacturer's recommendations, and the recommended milk with-holding period was observed. The assessment of clinical cure of each case was made by the farm owner/manager at the end of the milk with-holding period. Post-treatment milk samples were taken from clinically cured quarters at each of three consecutive milkings, commencing 7 days after the end of the milk with-holding period and submitted for bacterial culture. RESULTS: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 252/416 (60.6%) pre-treatment milk samples submitted from eligible cases. Streptococcus uberis was the most frequent isolate, being cultured from 31.7% of cases. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 18.3% of pre-treatment samples, and Esherichia coli from 7.0%. The clinical cure rate for all eligible cases was 81.7%. There was no significant difference in clinical cure rates between cases treated with cefuroxime (186/225=82.7%) and cases treated with cloxacillin (154/191=80.6%). The trial had 80% power to detect a significant difference if the actual cure rates differed by at least 12.6%. There was a superior clinical response rate (p=0.04) for mastitis cases from which E. coli was isolated that were treated with cefuroxime (18/19=95%) compared with cloxacillin 6/10=60%), but case numbers were low (n=29). The overall bacteriological cure rate for the trial was 70% (69/98 cases assessed). There was no significant difference (p=0.27) in bacteriological cure rate between cases treated with cefuroxime (42/56=75%) and cases treated with cloxacillin (27/42=64%). CONCLUSIONS: This trial demonstrated that cefuroxime was an effective intramammary treatment for clinical mastitis and had similar clinical and bacteriological cure rates to cloxacillin, an accepted industry-standard product. Activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was demonstrated for cefuroxime which, along with the economic benefits of less discarded milk compared with other antibiotic preparations, indicated that cefuroxime is likely to be an appropriate intramammary antibiotic for the treatment of clinical mastitis in commercial dairy herds during early to mid lactation in Victoria, Australia. 相似文献