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1.
Kearn GC 《Folia parasitologica》2006,53(1):71-72
The distribution of F-actin in the monogenean Entobdella soleae (van Beneden et Hesse, 1864) Johnston, 1929 (Platyhelminthes: Capsalidae) was revealed by staining paraformaldehyde-fixed specimens with FITC-labelled phalloidin. On the ventral surface on the left side of the body, just posterior to the pharynx, a concentrically arranged array of fluorescent fibres was observed, following a circular path around the tiny ventral opening of the vagina. It is assumed that this asymmetrically placed array of actin fibres is contractile and the possible role of these fibres in the assimilation of sperm from an attached spermatophore into the vagina is discussed. 相似文献
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In laboratory populations ofEarias insulana Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) crowding did not affect spermatophore production by males or its acceptance by females. Sex ratio affected spermatophore transfer. A low male: female ratio resulted in the transfer of a large number of spermatophores per male. On the other hand, a high male: female ratio resulted in a high mating frequency of females. Egg production and hatching were not affected. 相似文献
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The mechanisms adopted to ensure mating success, fertility and fecundity ofS. littoralis were studied. The male moths usually mate only once a night but they mate repeatedly during most of their life span, and practically all their spermatophores are equally efficient for inseminating a female. Although females are also multiple maters, one spermatophore is sufficient for a female to lay fertile eggs throughout her life with no reduction in potential fecundity. While a male may mate 5.3 times, on the average, a female may mate only 2.3 times. As a pronounced decrease in pheromone release occurs after mating, a repeat mating by a female will occur only after most neighboring competitive virgin females have been inseminated. A male may mate therefore with 5.3 different females, all of which will be thoroughly inseminated. The female moth is ready to mate just after emergence and at any time throughout her life. If mating is delayed the preoviposition period is greatly prolonged and eggs are saved to be laid later, after mating, as fertile eggs. Delay in egg laying due to delayed insemination does not result in reduced fecundity as it is compensated for by prolonged longevity. Even if mating is greatly delayed and occurs after egg laying has already begun, the potential reduction in reproduction is not very great, due to the low daily egg-laying rate and the increased longevity of unmated females. It appears unreasonable to expect any tendency toward reduction of egg production with a decrease in the ratio of adult males in a population; for this purpose the control of males must be essentially complete. Therefore, a behavioral control program by mass trapping ofS. littoralis males is unlikely to be economically feasible. 相似文献
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Fine structure of the vas efferens, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct with accessory glands and vagina with seminal receptacle is described in the spathebothriidean tapeworm, Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781) Kessler, 1868. The numerous well-developed prostate glands are characterised by having secretory granules with an electron-dense core surrounded by a matrix of lower electron density. Coalescence of the outer part of the granules with each other takes place in the terminal end of the secretory ducts. The position of prostate glands around the proximal part of the cirrus pouch and terminating in the ejaculatory duct is a characteristic feature of the Spathebothriidea. Up to 20 closely arranged muscle layers make up the muscular cirrus pouch wall with 4 well-developed muscular layers in the ejaculatory duct and cirrus. Both the cirrus and the vagina are covered with the same uniform cone-shaped microtriches. The vagina has an extensive seminal receptacle. All of these structures are well-adapted to insure successful sperm transfer involving ejaculation and storage, probably for both self- and cross-insemination. Cyathocephalus truncatus has a cirrus similar to that of the monozoic, progenetic caryophyllidean, Archigetes sieboldi and well-developed prostate glands like those of the polyzoic pseudophyllidean, Diphyllobothrium latum. The ultrastructural aspects of the male and female reproductive system of C. truncatus are compared with those of other tapeworms. 相似文献
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Morphology of the female reproductive system of Ascaris lumbricoides L. was studied in the region starting with the junction between the oviduct and the uterus (O-U) up to the junction of both uterine branches into the vagina with regard to the process of fertilization and formation of egg-shells. In the O-U junction morphology differed in two following sections: a continuous simple squamous up to simple cuboidal epithelium, and simple cuboidal up to columnar epithelium with broad intercellular spaces leading into the lumen of the tubular reproductive organ filled with sperm. The area in the O-U junction zone was found where the wall of the organ was formed by elongated club-shaped cells attached to the common basal lamina by a narrow pedicle. Intercellular spaces thus formed "crypts" which was covered with dilated parts of cells towards the tubular lumen. Crypts were found to be filled with sperm. This area resembles the structure known as the receptaculum seminis where the stored sperm survive. Epithelial cells of the uterus are of cuboidal up to columnar shape with signs of merocrine secretion. In the distal part of the uterus the secretory active cells probably produce viscous secreta allowing the transfer of the eggs towards the vagina. The cells of the uterus wall are elongated and because of their longer axis, they are orientated longitudinally. In centripetal parts, the cell walls do not have contact with each other and form elongated, deep furrows ("canyons") through which the sperm can run against the flow of uterus content up to the junction of the O-U, where they are stored in the spermatheca-like structure. At any time they are disposal for fertilization. 相似文献
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广州毛刺线虫新种的描述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广州毛刺线虫新种(Trichodorus guangzhouensis n. sp.)采集于广州市白云区的莴苣(Lactuca sativa)根际土壤。其主要鉴别特征是虫体和瘤针较短;雄虫的3个腹中颈乳突位于瘤针后和排泄孔前,交合刺短、无刚毛和条纹,泄殖腔前有3个腹中生殖乳突,精细胞大、有大且呈香肠形的核;雌虫阴门纵裂,阴门骨化结构小、三角形到园三角形、相距较近,阴道长度大于阴门处体宽的1/3,受精囊大、有精子。该新种在多数形态特征测量数据上,以及雄虫的3个腹中颈乳突位置、泄殖腔前腹中生殖乳突数量、精细胞形态,雌虫受精囊和阴门骨化结构形态等特征上,与背弯毛刺线虫(Trichodorus reduncus Siddiqi & Sharma,1995)相近似。但它们在雄虫交合刺和引带形态、第一腹中生殖乳突(SP1)的位置,雌虫阴门形态等特征上存在显著差异。 相似文献
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Secreted anterior adhesives, used for temporary attachment to epithelial surfaces of fishes (skin and gills) by some monogenean (platyhelminth) parasites have been partially characterised. Adhesive is composed of protein. Amino acid composition has been determined for seven monopisthocotylean monogeneans. Six of these belong to the Monocotylidae and one species, Entobdella soleae (van Beneden et Hesse, 1864) Johnston, 1929, is a member of the Capsalidae. Histochemistry shows that the adhesive does not contain polysaccharides, including acid mucins, or lipids. The adhesive before secretion and in its secreted form contains no dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa). Secreted adhesive is highly insoluble, but has a soft consistency and is mechanically removable from glass surfaces. Generally there are high levels of glycine and alanine, low levels of tyrosine and methionine, and histidine is often absent. However, amino acid content varies between species, the biggest differences evident when the monocotylid monogeneans were compared with E. soleae. Monogenean adhesive shows similarity in amino acid profile with adhesives from starfish, limpets and barnacles. However, there are some differences in individual amino acids in the temporary adhesive secretions of, on the one hand, the monogeneans and, on the other hand, the starfish and limpets. These differences may reflect the fact that monogeneans, unlike starfish and barnacles, attach to living tissue (tissue adhesion). A method of extracting unsecreted adhesive was investigated for use in further characterisation studies on monogenean glues. 相似文献
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Branchotenthes octohamatus sp. n. (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) is described from the gills of the southern fiddler ray, Trygonorrhina fasciata Müller et Henle (Elasmobranchii: Rhinobatidae), off Adelaide, South Australia. It is distinguished from the type species, Branchotenthes robinoverstreeti Bullard et Dippenaar, 2003, by producing eggs that are joined end to end forming a chain, in the morphology of the male copulatory organ that has a pronounced constriction in duct diameter between proximal and distal regions, the possession of a thin muscular layer surrounding the proximal part of the male copulatory organ and distal region of the vaginae, and by the absence of a raised process on the shaft of the hamulus. An amended generic diagnosis is provided and the reliability of sperm duct number as a generic character is discussed. The oncomiracidium of B. octohamatus is also described and is the first monogenean to be described with only eight hooklets in the larval haptor. This discovery of eight hooklets may be important for higher-level monogenean evolutionary hypotheses. 相似文献
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Progeny of several Sinapis arvensis L. plants sampled in a field were analysed for isozyme patterns at two highly polymorphic loci: esterasc and acid phosphatase. Allele frequencies of pollen subpopulations that effectively fertilized each separate sampled plant were compared. In spite of self-incompatibility, large variations in allele frequencies were shown among pollen subpopulations. Non-random mating owing to gametic selection and plant density effects were evidenced and could reduce gene flow within a population, 相似文献
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Dioncopseudobenedenia Yamaguti, 1965 (Monogenea: Capsalidae) is redefined. Dioncopseudobenedenia kala Yamaguti, 1965 (type species) is redescribed from type material from Hawaii and from new specimens from Heron Island, Queensland, Australia and New Caledonia. We made detailed observations on D. macracantha Yamaguti, 1968 from type material from Hawaii, and from new material from Heron Island and New Caledonia. Dioncopseudobenedenia ancoralis sp. n. is described from the gill chamber of Siganus lineatus (Valenciennes) from Green Island and Heron Island, Australia and from New Caledonia. This study confirms that only one pair of large central sclerites is present on the haptor in Dioncopseudobenedenia species. The male copulatory organ in species of Dioncopseudobenedenia is a penis contained in a fluid-filled space (= penis canal) with weakly muscular walls. Dioncopseudobenedenia kala and D. ancoralis bear a sclerite at the tip of the penis. In D. macracantha, the structure of the penis, which has no terminal sclerite, indicates it may combine the functions of a penis and a cirrus. Dioncopseudobenedenia is compared with Calicobenedenia Kritsky et Fennessy, 1999, the other capsalid genus with a single pair of large sclerites on the haptor. The large haptoral sclerites in species of Dioncopseudobenedenia resemble accessory sclerites, whereas those of C. polyprioni Kritsky et Fennessy, 1999 resemble hamuli. Observations of oncomiracidia confirmed that the large haptoral sclerites in D. kala are accessory sclerites. Haptoral morphology suggests that different Dioncopseudobenedenia spp. employ different means of attachment. Mating behaviour was observed twice between two different pairs of D. kala specimens from Heron Island. Two preserved specimens from Nouméa, New Caledonia had structures near the dorsal vaginal pore that we interpret as spermatophores. This is the first report of spermatophores in a capsalid inhabiting the gill chamber. The geographic distribution of Dioncopseudobenedenia spp. is discussed. 相似文献
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茄28星瓢虫(Henosepilachna vigintloctopunctata Fabricius)的我国茄科植物上的重要的害虫种类.本文以此虫为材料,研究了该虫的交配起始时间与交配持续时间,以及不同的交配持续时间其产卵量和孵化率的影响.结果表明,该虫的交配起始时间和交配持续时间变化幅度较大,平均分别为(36.61±3.24) min和(49.87±1.06) min,且两者间并不存在明显的相关性.雌虫的产卵量和卵的孵化率与交配持续时间之间呈明显的正相关,表明延长交配时间与雌虫贮存的精子数量相适应.同时,结果还表明,该种类至少需要10 min以上的交配才能导致卵的孵化. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The heterothallic ascomycete Nectria haematococca mating population VI (anamorph Fusarium solani) is a broad host range pathogen. Field isolates of this fungus that are pathogenic on pea tend to be female sterile, of low fertility, and the same mating type (MAT-1), whereas female fertile isolates of either mating type that are highly fertile tend to be nonpathogenic on this plant. To facilitate genetic analysis of traits that may be important in the ability of N. haematococca to parasitize peas, a breeding project was undertaken to produce hermaphroditic isolates of each mating type that are highly fertile and highly virulent on peas. Although the association of high virulence on peas with female sterility and the MAT-1 mating type was not completely broken, isolates with high fertility and high virulence on peas were bred within two generations. Highly virulent progeny were also isolated by an alternative method in which pea plants were inoculated with a mixture of ascospores from a cross between two moderately virulent parents. Whereas all ascospores isolated without selection in planta had lower virulence than the parents, many isolates recovered from diseased tissue were more virulent than the parental isolates. Some of the recovered isolates were shown by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to be genetic recombinants of the parents, demonstrating that the pea tissue selected virulent recombinants. All highly virulent isolates tested had the ability to detoxify the pea phytoalexin pisatin, again showing a link between this trait and pathogenicity on the pea. 相似文献
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The sterile insect technique (SIT) is used as an environment-friendly means of suppressing Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata; ‘medfly’) populations in the Arava valley of Israel. The technique depends on released sterile males effectively wresting
the reproductive potential away from wild, fertile males. Studies carried out in other countries have indicated that sterile
males may sometimes be of inferior sexual competitiveness in comparison with their wild counterparts and that this may inhibit
SIT efficacy. In the present study, field-cage experiments were conducted to investigate the sexual competitiveness of sterile
male medflies (genetic sexing strain Vienna 4/Tol-94) produced in and shipped from Guatemala, in the presence of wild males
in Israel. In addition, we checked whether pre-release chilling affects their sexual success. Sterile and wild males were
found to be similar in mating frequency, latency until mating, insemination probability, and duration of copulations during
which no sperm were stored. There was, however, weak evidence that copulations involving sperm storage were shorter for sterile
males. Chilling did not influence any element of male sexual performance. In both experiments, copulations culminating in
sperm storage by females were longer than those that failed, suggesting that processes occurring early on in copulation may
sometimes be the source of sexual failure. Overall, these results indicate a high standard of vigor in the sterile male medfiies
used in the SIT program presently followed in Israel. 相似文献
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The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is an insect pest in which offspring are produced by the mating of adult males with adult females. This species is a classic case in which pest resurgence is induced by insecticides. In the past, studies of resurgence mechanisms have focused on insecticide-induced stimulation of reproduction in adult females. To date, however, the role that males play in the resurgence mechanisms of N. lugens has not been investigated. The aim of the present study is to examine changes in protein levels in male accessory glands (MAGs) induced by the insecticides triazophos and deltamethrin and to determine their relationship with vitellin content in the fat bodies and ovaries of adult females in the context of mating pairs. Our results show that protein content in MAGs is significantly affected by male mating status, insecticide type, and insecticide concentration. Insecticide application induced increased protein levels in MAGs. A greater quantity of MAG products was transferred to females via mating. Thus, protein levels in MAGs significantly decreased after mating. Experimental matings indicate that vitellin content in both fat bodies and ovaries of adult females in mating pairs consisting of a treated male and an untreated female (♂t × ♀ck) is significantly greater than that of females in pairs consisting of an untreated male and an untreated female (♂ck × ♀ck). Under various concentrations of the two insecticides, vitellin levels are highest in mating pairs consisting of a treated male and a treated female (♂t × ♀t), followed by mating pairs consisting of an untreated male with a treated female (♂ck × ♀t). These findings demonstrate that (1) insecticides have an effect on males; (2) insecticide effect can be transferred to females; and (3) the reproductive effect of insecticides is strongest in mating pairs in which both the males and females are treated compared to pairs in which only one individual is treated. These findings provide valuable information about the role of males in pesticide-induced resurgence of N. lugens. 相似文献
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A new species, Prosorhynchus maternus sp. n., is described from the serranid fish Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch et Schneider) in the waters off New Caledonia. It belongs to a group of Prosorhynchus species from serranids in which the uterus is restricted to the postovarian region. Its distinguishing features include the vitellarium relatively distant from the rhynchus, the cirrus-sac relatively distant from the posterior testis, the distinctly pre-equatorial mouth and several other somatic ratios. New records of Prosorhynchus longisaccatus Durio et Manter, 1968 from Epinephelus cyanopodus (Richardson) and Prosorhynchoides lamprelli Bott et Cribb, 2005 from Caranx papuensis Alleyne et Macleay off New Caledonia are also included. 相似文献
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Arlenelepis harpiprioni gen. et sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea, Dilepididae) is described from the plumbeous ibis Harpiprion caerulescens (Vieillot) (Ciconiiformes, Threskiomithidae) in Province Concepción, Paraguay. This cestode is characterised by a very small body (not exceeding 5 mm in length) consisting of about 30 proglottides, musculo-glandular rostellar apparatus, rostellar hooks arranged in two regular rows, few testes (7-10 in number) situated mostly in a post-ovarian group but one testis pre-ovarian, a large oval cirrus sac reaching antiporal osmoregulatory canals, massive cirrus armed with needle-shaped and thorn-shaped spines, long convoluted vagina, and longitudinally elongate sacciform horseshoe-shaped uterus with deep lobes of the medial uterine wall. The new genus is unique among the family Dilepididae in possessing a rhynchus armed with conical spines. 相似文献
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Dendromonocotyle colorni sp. n. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) is described from the dorsal skin surface of two specimens of Himantura uarnak (Forssk?l) kept at the Eilat Underwater Observatory in Israel. Dendromonocotyle colorni is distinguished from the other eight species in the genus by the morphology of the terminal papillar sclerite on the haptor, the distal portion of the male copulatory organ and the morphology of the vagina. The development of the male copulatory organ is detailed for D. colorni and the adaptations of species of Dendromonocotyle to life on the dorsal skin surface of rays are discussed. Dendromonocotyle octodiscus Hargis, 1955 was identified from the dorsal skin surface of the southern stingray Dasyatis americana Hildebrand et Schroeder off Bimini, Bahamas and represents a new host record. 相似文献