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1.
Nutrient content of the edible leaves of seven wild plants from Niger   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Wild plants play an important role in the diet of the inhabitants of Niger. These plants tend to be drought-resistant and are gathered both in times of plenty as well as times of need. Used in everyday cooking, famine foods may be an important source of nutrients. The goal of this study was to investigate the nutritional role of wild plants in the nigérien diet. To this end, leaves of seven plants species were analyzed for their mineral, amino acid and fatty acid contents: Ximenia americana, Amaranthus viridus, Corchorus tridens, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Maerua crassifolia, Moringa oleifera, and Leptadenia hastata. Ximenia americana} contained large amounts of calcium. Large quantities of iron were present in Amaranthus viridus. All seven plants contained significant amounts of selenium and phosphorus. Corchorus tridens contained the most protein (19–25% dry weight), and its composition compared favorably to the World Health Organization's standard for essential amino acids. Moringa oleifera contained 17% protein and compared favorably with the WHO standard. Corchorus tridens contained the largest amounts of the two essential fatty acids linoleic and -linolenic acids. These results reinforce the growing awareness that wild edible plants of the Western Sahel can contribute useful amounts of essential nutrients, including amino acids, fatty acids and trace minerals, to human diets.  相似文献   

2.
桔小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)]是危害干热河谷区台湾青枣(Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.cv.Liuxiang)和金丝小枣(Ziziphus Jujube.cv Jinsi-xiaozao)的重要害虫之一。对典型干热河谷气候区云南元谋台湾青枣和金丝小枣园桔小实蝇成虫的年发生动态进行调查，并就气候因子及食源寄主植物进行综合分析。结果表明：台湾青枣园桔小实蝇诱捕量明显高于金丝小枣园；桔小实蝇成虫在金丝小枣、台湾青枣上分别拥有1个(8月)、2个(2、8月)发生高峰期，高峰期与果实成熟期基本吻合；月均温、月降雨量和食源寄主植物是种群变动的主要因子。通过两种枣园桔小实蝇的监测，掌握种群动态的变化，可为适时制定桔小实蝇防治时期提供理论依据。  相似文献   

3.
1-MCP延缓采后台湾青枣果实衰老及其与能量代谢的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对采后‘中青’台湾青枣果实贮藏品质与烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸激酶(NADK)活性、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADP)、还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)、还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)、能量物质[三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、一磷酸腺苷(AMP)]及能荷(EC)的关系。采后台湾青枣果实用1.8μL/L的1-MCP处理12 h后在(15±1)℃下贮藏,定期测定能量物质、NAD、NADP、NADH和NADPH含量、NADK活性及细胞膜透性,并在贮藏前后测定果实品质指标和腐烂率。结果表明:1-MCP处理保持‘中青’台湾青枣果实较高的ATP、NADP、NADPH含量,NADK活性和能荷值,较低的NAD和NADH含量,延缓贮藏期间细胞膜透性的增加;保持较高的果实硬度、可溶性固形物(TSS)、有机酸(TA)和维生素C含量,延缓果皮叶绿素含量下降,降低腐烂率。据此认为,1-MCP处理延缓采后台湾青枣果实衰老降低腐烂率可能与细胞保持较高的能荷水平有关。  相似文献   

4.
Six non-conventional leafy vegetables consumed largely by the rural populace of Nigeria were analyzed for mineral composition. Mineral contents appeared to be dependent on the type of vegetables. Amaranthus spinosus and Adansonia digitata leaves contained the highest level of iron (38.4 mg/100 g and 30.6 mg/100 g dw, respectively). These values are low compared to those for common Nigerian vegetables but higher than those for other food sources. All the vegetables contained high levels of calcium compared to common vegetables, thus they could be a rich source of this mineral. Microelement content of the leaves varied appreciably. Zinc content was highest in Moringa oleifera, Adansonia digitata and Cassia tora leaves (25.5 mg/100 g, 22.4 mg/100 g and 20.9 mg/100 g dw, respectively) while the manganese content was comparatively higher in Colocasia esculenta. The concentrations of the mineral elements in the vegetables per serving portion are presented and these values indicate that the local vegetables could be valuable and important contributors in the diets of the rural and urban people of Nigeria. The mean daily intake of P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn were lower than their recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). However, the manganese daily intake was found not to differ significantly ( p = 0.05) from the RDA value.  相似文献   

5.
毛叶枣与冬枣原生质体分离体系的建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究了毛叶枣及冬枣的原生质体分离条件,为以后应用体细胞融合技术创造优异的毛叶枣体细胞杂种材料提供技术支持。结果表明:枣叶片分离出的原生质体活性显著高于悬浮培养物,但是产量低于悬浮培养物分离出的原生质体。毛叶枣酶解所需酶液最佳浓度为纤维素酶10g/L 离析酶4g/L 甘露醇0.7mol/L;冬枣酶解所需酶液最佳浓度为纤维素酶15g/L 离析酶4g/L 甘露醇0.7mol/L,酶解时间均为14￣16h。  相似文献   

6.
In the western Sahel and many other regions of sub-Saharan Africa,wild edible plants contribute significantly to human diets, notonly during periods when cereal staples are scarce, but also whenthey are readily available. Although there have been publishedreports regarding the nutrient contents of these plant foods,little attention has been devoted to their content of antinutrientssuch as calcium chelators and inhibitors of the pancreas-derivedproteases, trypsin and chymotrypsin, which are required for theefficient digestion and absorption of dietary proteins. In thisstudy, aqueous extracts of 61 different leaves, seeds, fruits andflowers of edible plants gathered in the Republic of Niger wereanalyzed for their content of trypsin inhibitory substances using-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide as the substrate andbovine trypsin as the enzyme source. Twelve of these plant foodscontained more antitrypsin activity than soybeans (1.34–8.18 vs.1.32 g trypsin inhibited/mg dry weight). Boiling for 3 mindid not inactivate the antitrypsin activity in most of the plantextracts. These data confirm that more than half of the wildedible plant foods widely consumed by various populations whoinhabit the western Sahel contain significant quantities of heat-stable trypsin inhibitor that could possibly compromise thebioavailability of proteins present in the diets of these populations.  相似文献   

7.
Although the fruit of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L. Fabaceae) is nutritious and widely available in Turkey, especially in West and South Anatolia, much remains to be learned about its nutrient composition. The main goal of our study was to determine if there are differences in the content of certain nutrients in commercially-prepared carob flour (CPCP) and domestic or home-prepared carob powder (HPCP). Sucrose was the main sugar in CPCP and HPCP. Total protein was 40% lower in CPCP than HPCP due mainly to decreases in the content of several essential amino acids. However, except for lysine in CPCP, HPCP and CPCP compared favourably to a WHO protein standard. There were large differences in terms of their content of the two essential fatty acids, linoleic and α-linolenic acid, and the linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid ratio was 3.6 for CPCP, and 6.1 for HPCP. Manganese and iron were 2.5-fold higher in HPCP than CPCP. This study demonstrates that carob flour prepared in either the household or industrially is a good source of many, but not all essential nutrients, and that commercial processing of carob fruit into flour seems to affect its content of several important nutrients.  相似文献   

8.
Non-cereal plant foods in the Western Sahel of Africa contribute significantly to the diets of local residents, especially during periods of grain shortages. In this paper, we analyze four such plant foods including diyan kwakwa (nut of coconut palm, Cocos nucifera L.), muricin giginya (young shoot of Borassus aethiopum), tsamiya biri (fruit of the tree, Tamarindus indica), and yari (a mixture of lichens, mainly Rimelia reticulate) that grows on ebony trees (Diospyros mespiliformis). They were analyzed for their content of amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. Although diyan kwakwa contained the highest protein content (27.1%), its protein quality fell below the WHO standard in 3 of 8 essential amino acid categories. Yari and muricin giginya contained moderate levels of good quality protein. Only diyan kwakwa contained calorically significant amount of total fatty acid (24.7%); however, none of the plants contained useful amounts of the essential fatty acids, linoleic acid, or α-linolenic acid. All four plants contained useful amounts of zinc (> 12 μg/g dry weight), while yari contained the most calcium (14.7 mg/g dry weight) and iron (1.41 mg/g), and diyan kwakwa the most copper. All the four plant foods contained lesser amounts of magnesium, molybdenum, or selenium. These data indicate that the four plants contain useful amounts of various essential nutrients that could supplement the diets of populations inhabiting the Western Sahel.  相似文献   

9.
以8成熟的‘高朗一号’毛叶枣（Zyiziphus mauritiana L.cv.Gao lang No.1）果实为材料,研究了以1 μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理对毛叶枣果实采后贮藏[（25±1）℃,相对湿度60％～65％]生理的影响。结果表明：1-MCP处理显著降低了失重率和腐烂率,推迟了果实硬度的下降和果皮退绿;诱导了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性;延缓了丙二醛（MDA）的生成。  相似文献   

10.
Proximate composition and mineral content of raw and cooked leaves of two edible tree spinach species (Cnidoscolus chayamansa and C. aconitifolius), known locally as chaya, were determined and compared with that of a traditional green vegetable, spinach (Spinicia oleraceae). Results of the study indicated that the edible leafy parts of the two chaya species contained significantly (p<0.05) greater amounts of crude protein, crude fiber, Ca, K, Fe, ascorbic acid and -carotene than the spinach leaf. However, no significant (p>0.05) differences were found in nutritional composition and mineral content between the chaya species, except minor differences in the relative composition of fatty acids, protein and amino acids. Cooking of chaya leaves slightly reduced nutritional composition of both chaya species. Cooking is essential prior to consumption to inactivate the toxic hydrocyanic glycosides present in chaya leaves. Based on the results of this study, the edible chaya leaves may be good dietary sources of minerals (Ca, K and Fe) and vitamins (ascorbic acid and -carotene).  相似文献   

11.
Five plant-based weaning foods (WF) (Dietrend, Jot-M, Soy, Ang and Vic-T) locallyprepared in Jos, Nigeria were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography,reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and atomicemission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma to determine theirfatty acid (FA), amino acid, and trace mineral contents, respectively.Results of these direct analyses were compared to expected values derivedfrom food composition tables prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Additionally, results were compared against recommendednutrient values, using breast milk as the standard for FA content andrecommended dietary allowances (RDA) for amino acid and mineral contents.The overall nutritional value of the five WF varied considerably and thequantities of particular nutrients determined by direct analysis differedmarkedly from those estimated using USDA food tables. Comparison of WFfatty acid composition relative to the RDA recommendations and a humanmilk standard revealed a much higher proportion of both linoleic (35–55wt%) and -linolenic acids (1%–7 wt%) relative to human milklipids (11%–12% and 0.8%–0.9% wt, respectively); however, the WFwere devoid of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Soy containedthe highest amounts of linoleic acid (59.7 mg/g) and -linolenicacid (7.46 mg/g) compared to the other four WF (10.2–41.0 and 0.35–3.18 mg/g, respectively). The linoleic acid/-linolenic acid ratio was within the recommended range (5:1 to 10:1) in only Jot-M (10:1)and Soy (8:1). Dietrend, Vic-T and Ang, containedlinoleic/-linolenic ratios of 12:1, 29:1, and 82:1, respectively.The Soy weaning food would provide the most protein (24.3 g/day), basedon an estimated daily intake of 65 g of weaning food by a normalsix-month-old infant, compared to Jot-M (11.9 g/day), Dietrend (11.7g/day), Ang (8.07 g/day) and Vic-T (7.26 g/day). The protein RDA forchildren up to 1 year of age is 13–14 g/day. Comparison of the mineralcontents of the WF to the RDAs for various minerals indicated that all fivewould provide suboptimal amounts of calcium (16 to 250 mg/day) andzinc (1.42 to 3.56 mg/day) compared to respective RDAs of400 mg/day and 5 mg/day.These data show that the Soy weaning food is an excellent source of linoleicacid and -linolenic acid, as well as being a good source of highquality protein. Jot-M and Dietrend provide useful amounts of the essentialFA; however, it is advisable to reevaluate the composition of Ang andVic-T to find ways to improve the linoleic/-linolenic ratio of eachand increase their total protein content. These results document theshortcomings of using published food composition tables based on foods inAmerica when devising weaning foods based on ingredients in another partof the world.  相似文献   

12.
Six green leafy vegetables and herbs – spinach, amaranth, bengal gram, cauliflower, mint, coriander and carrots – were analyzed for moisture, protein,ascorbic acid, -carotene, total iron, ionizable iron (as % of total iron) in vitro iron (% of total iron), copper, manganese and zinc. Moisture content of the leaves and carrots varied from 75.1 percent (bengal gram) to 95.4 percent (carrot) and protein from 9.83 percent (carrots) to 30.9 (mint) percent. Ascorbic acid, -carotene, total iron and ionizable iron contents were at a maximum in case of bengal gram leaves whereas level of ionizable iron and in vitro iron as a percent of total iron was highest in carrots. Copper, manganese and zinc contents were maximum in spinach.  相似文献   

13.
There have been few studies on the effect of cottonseed oil (CSO), one of the most commonly used vegetable oils in the United States, on indices of lipid status either in the rat or in any other species. Previous studies with rats have focused on the effect of CSO, versus that of other vegetable oils, on the concentration of cholesterol in serum and liver or on a limited number of fatty acids in serum, adipose tissue, or liver. The present study was designed to compare more fully than in previous studies the effect of CSO to that of corn oil (CO) on the fatty acid composition of serum, adipose tissue, and liver. Two groups of male rats (n=10 each) were used, each fed one of two purified diets containing 100 g/kg of either CO or CSO. Between-group differences included higher values (mol% total fatty acids) in adipose tissue for palmitic acid and stearic acid, but lower values in serum, adipose tissue, and liver for cis-vaccenic acid and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) for the CSO group than the CO. In addition, values in serum, adipose tissue, and liver for -linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and its metabolite, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3), were lower for the CSO group than the CO. There was no effect of diet on serum or tissue levels of n-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid, dihomo--linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid). Differences in fatty acid compositions noted, e.g., those for C18:1n-9 and C22:6n-3, mainly reflected compositional differences between the two oils. Thus, use of CSO rather than CO affected serum and tissue concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) but had no effect on n-6 PUFA status.  相似文献   

14.
喷施蒸腾抑制剂对毛叶枣叶片光合参数的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
研究不同蒸腾抑制剂对毛叶枣成熟叶片光合参数的影响.结果表明:喷施蒸腾抑制剂对毛叶枣叶片气孔导度的影响要显著大于对叶片蒸腾速率的影响.对叶片蒸腾速率降低的影响主要在毛叶枣叶片一天中蒸腾作用的高峰时间段,对叶片净光合速率基本没有影响;土壤墒情对毛叶枣叶片光合参数的影响要大于蒸腾抑制剂的影响.  相似文献   

15.
Dried seeds and nuts are widely consumed by indigenous populations of the western Sahel, especially those who inhabit rural areas. In light of the need for quantitative information regarding the content of particular nutrients in these plant foods, we collected dried pumpkin (Cucurbita spp) seeds and nuts of Cyperus esculentus in the Republic of Niger and analyzed them for their content of essential amino acids, minerals and trace elements, and fatty acids.On a dry weight basis, pumpkin seed contained 58.8% protein and 29.8% fat. However, the lysine score of the protein was only 65% relative to the FAO/WHO protein standard. The pumpkin seed contained useful amounts of linoleic (92 μg/g dry weight) and the following elements (on a μg per g dry weight basis): potassium (5,790), magnesium (5,690), manganese (49.3), zinc (113), selenium (1.29), copper (15.4), chromium (2.84), and molybdenum (0.81), but low amounts of calcium and iron. Except for potassium (5,573 μg/g dry weight) and chromium (2.88 μg/g dry weight), the C. esculentis nuts contained much less of these same nutrients compared to pumpkin seeds.In conclusion, pumpkin seeds represent a useful source of many nutrients essential to humans. The data in this report should of practical value to public health officials in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa.  相似文献   

16.
本研究以单施化肥为对照,研究有机肥替代部分化肥对‘三红蜜柚’树体营养及果实品质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,有机肥替代20%化肥处理可显著提高‘三红蜜柚’叶片镁、锌含量,降低叶片氮含量至适宜水平;提高‘三红蜜柚’发育过程中果实钾、钙、锌、硼含量,降低果实磷含量;并显著提高果实可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量及糖酸比,降低果实可滴定酸含量,而维生素C含量、可食率和单果质量等与对照相比未呈现显著差异。因此,有机肥替代20%化肥可提高‘三红蜜柚’叶片部分矿质营养元素含量,改善树体营养水平,提高‘三红蜜柚’果实钾、钙、锌、硼等矿质元素含量及果实品质。  相似文献   

17.
The uniqueness of purslane (Portulaca spp.) asthe richest vegetable source of omega-3 (-3)fatty acids is well documented. However, purslane hasnot been domesticated or fully evaluated for itsnutritive value. The objective of this study was todetermine the influence of planting date on chemicalcomposition of purslane accessions. Eight accessionsfrom different geographical locations were planted 12days apart, and whole plants harvested at full bloom. Chemical analysis (DM basis) of leaves showedsignificant differences among varieties for all thecharacteristics measured. Accession by planting dateinteraction influenced (p < 0.05) levels of crudeprotein, total lipids, and carbohydrate contents. Wild Greek accession had the highest, while aBeltsville (Maryland) wild type had the lowest crudeprotein content (27.1 vs 20.5%) at the secondplanting date. Crude protein, lipid and ash levelswere most influenced (p < 0.05) by planting date. Total lipids varied from 4.0–5.8% and 3.7–5.1% forthe first and second planting dates, respectively. Selected fatty acid content indicated significantly(p < 0.05) higher levels of 18: 26, and18: 33 in the Dutch Garden accession comparedwith other varieties. The Egyptian wild accession hadthe lowest level of 18: 33. The ratio of 3 to 6 acids, which ranged from 5.5 to22.3 indicated a highnutritive value of purslane compared to other oilcrops such as soybeans and perrilla. The high levelsof protein in purslane compete with those of othercommercially important vegetable crops. The studyshows that, in spite of its genetic diversity, purslaneremains one of the most abundant terrestrial vegetablesources of Omega-3 fatty acids and other essentialnutrients potentially beneficial for humans as well asanimals.  相似文献   

18.
Mineral, amino acid and fatty acid composition of pigeon pea meal were determined by analysis, while with chick essays, availability (true digestibility) of minerals and amino acids in the meal were estimated. Gross energy, metabolizable energy and true protein digestibility experiments were also conducted. Pigeon pea meal had a very high content of potassium, high content of potassium, high content of phosphorus, moderate content of calcium and magnesium and low content of iron, zinc, copper and manganese. Average availability of minerals was 58.09%. Amino acid content was low, especially cystine and methionine. Amino acid availability was 82.32%, lower than amino acid availability of soybean meal (>90%). Pigeon pea lipids were predominantly saturated fatty acids (69.04%) with low content of unsaturated fatty acids (30.69%) and a total absence of linolenic acid. Metabolizable energy content (N-corrected) was 11.08 MJ/kg in raw pigeon pea and 12.03 MJ/kg in toasted pigeon pea meal.  相似文献   

19.
The essential oil and fatty acid composition of two provenances of Ruta chalepensis from four organs (leaves, flowers, stems and fruits) was determined. The effect of the plant part on total fatty acid contents, essential oil yields, fatty acid and volatile constituents was significant.Fatty acid profiles varied significantly among the studied provenances and organs. Linolenic acid had the highest amount in leaves of the two provenances. From R. chalepensis, in all organs, the main fatty acids were palmitic (13.10-25.31%), followed by palmitoleic (0-15.72%), stearic (1.03-6.85%), oleic (1.90-24.04%), arachidic (0.11-4.03%), eicosatetraenoic (0.10-5.60%) and behenic (0.47-6.09%) acids. Saturated fatty acids had the highest amounts in growing wild R. chalepensis flowers, and cultivated R. chalepensis stems were characterized by the predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oil composition of all studied organs has a healthy and nutritionally value. Essential oil yields varied from 0.39% to 2.46% and showed a remarkable variation with plant organs. Thirty-six volatile compounds were identified in different analyzed essential oils; 2-undecanone, 2-nonanol and 2-dodecanone had the highest percentages.  相似文献   

20.
几种植物生长物质对毛叶枣果实品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
用浓度分别为20,50mg/L的GA3,NAA,ABA,6-BA涂抹谢花40 d后的毛叶枣(Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.)幼果.果实成熟后,测定果实的相关品质.结果表明:(1)20mg/LAA能够显著提高毛叶枣果实维生素C、可溶性固形物、蔗糖和有机酸的含量,但对单果重没有影响;20mg/L 6-BA也能提高果实维生素C、可溶性总糖和蔗糖的含量,但降低了单果重、葡萄糖和果糖的含量;20 mg/L ABA能促进果实增大,提高果实可溶性总糖和有机酸的含量;20 mg/L GA能增加有机酸的含量,但降低了含糖量、单果重及维生素C.(2)50 m/LNAA处理能提高果实所有品质的含量;50 mg/L ABA和6-BA都能提高含糖量及有机酸,但降低了单果重和维生素C含量;50mg/L GA能增加单果重、有机酸,但降低了含糖量和维生素C.综合结果表明,20mg/L浓度处理优于50 mg/L,而且NAA处理对提高毛叶枣果实品质效果比GA3,ABA,6-BA的好.  相似文献   

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