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胶体金免疫层析快速检测(CICA)是在免疫渗透的基础上所研制出来的一种快速检验方式,它被广泛应于用水产养殖领域,凭借其超精准的结果被称之为当前最快捷、高敏感的一种免疫学检测技术。该项技术真正实现了快速简易检测靶目标,并已在畜牧业中得到普及应用,成为当前畜禽病害早期防控的最有效方法之一。介绍了GICA的原理及其在水生动物检疫、水产品质量检测、水产养殖投入品检测中的应用,并对该技术在水产养殖业的应用做了展望。 相似文献
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<正>防控水产养殖动物的疾病大概有三条途径:生态防控、免疫防控和药物防控。面对我国当前水产养殖的实际状况,实施对水产养殖动物病害的生态防控和免疫防控,尚存在水产养殖业者无法克服的一些困难。由于部分水产养殖业者预防水产养殖动物疾病的意识比较薄弱,水产养殖动物 相似文献
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生物技术是现代生物学发展及其与相关学科交差融和的产物,包括基因工程技术、微生物工程技术、生化工程技术、细胞工程技术以及生物制品等领域。生物技术的全面发展给水产养殖学科的产生和发展提供了更为成熟的理论基础,不仅解释了水产养殖中一些理论基础,而且解决了很多水产养殖中困扰已久的难题。越来越多的自然科学技术被应用到水产动物遗传育种、水产动物营养与饲料、疾病诊断、免疫防控、水质调控以及水产品质量安全检测等方面。 相似文献
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我国水产养殖动物病害的现状及发展方向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水产养殖动物病害的有效防治措施、水产药物的合理应用等一直以来都是广大水产养殖业者非常关心的问题,养殖动物疾病的正确预防和治疗是养殖成功的关键。为使读者对当前水产养殖动物病害的现状和养殖过程中大家比较关心的问题有一个全面的了解,我刊特别约请中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所鱼病室主任、国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系鱼病岗位专家曾令兵研究员对以上问题作一阐述。 相似文献
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作为行业的一支独特力量：一名水科院首席科学家、4名研究员、4名副研究员、20余名中、初级专业技术人员等，组成了农业部水生经济动物病害防治中心、水产病害与免疫研究室的科研创新团队。在吴淑勤所长的带领下，该团队长期致力于水产病害研究并研制出一系列的鱼病防治药物和疫苗，成果显著，推动广东省乃至华南地区水产养殖疾病防控不断取得新突破。 相似文献
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《水生生物资源》2003,16(4):370-379
In aquaculture, a diet both nutritionally sound and organoleptically pleasing is essential to guarantee satisfactory intake. This has not been fully achieved with soleids (Solea solea and Solea senegalensis) because of their special palatability requirements, which are difficult to satisfy with conventional diets. Nevertheless, soleids have long been considered interesting species for aquaculture. To improve the palatability of diets for this family, various substances have been tried. Betaine has been the most effective substance by far, for all the species studied and especially for sole, reporting good results but at too high a cost. In other areas of animal production, the problems of palatability are solved with commercial flavours, which offer scope for specialisation to satisfy the most demanding organoleptic requirements. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the use of a bivalve commercial flavour as an alternative to betaine in sole diets. An ethological methodology, adapted to the feeding behaviour of sole, is developed to qualify and quantify behavioural changes when faced with experimental diets containing either this commercial flavour or betaine. Results show that the commercial flavour externally applied to feed particles performs efficiently as an attractant and as an arrestant, being able to attract the animal to the food source from some distance, provoke the ceasing of locomotion close to the food particle and promote initiation of feeding. In this step of the feeding sequence, it may be considered a viable alternative to betaine from the organoleptic point of view and economic cost. When the commercial flavour is applied internally to the feed, its performance as a stimulant, to encourage the continuation of feeding, is not distinguishable from betaine. Other factors such as time of feeding and size of fish, also assessed in the experiment, strongly influenced the level of acceptation of diets, even more than the composition of the diet itself. The distribution of feed at a time out of the endogenous rhythm of the species provoked a lower feed acceptation. Slight differences in the size of fish also affected the degree of acceptation, this being lower in the smaller fish. 相似文献
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SNP的研究进展及其在家畜育种中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
单核苷酸多态性(SNP)作为新的遗传标记,已广泛应用于动物遗传育种、基因定位、克隆和遗传多样性等方面的研究。文章对SNP的概念、检测方法进行了详细阐述,并综述了SNP在动物遗传育种和家畜繁殖技术中的应用。 相似文献
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Norman Reichenbach Yoosuf Nishar Ahamed Saeed 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1996,27(4):475-482
Abstract.— Juveniles of four species of tropical sea cucumbers of moderate to high commercial value were studied to determine their potential for being propagated asexually by evaluating their survival and regeneration times after being forced to undergo transverse fission. The four species were Holothuria fuscogilva.H. nobilis, Actinopyga mauritiana , and Stichopus variegatus . Rubber bands placed midbody on the sea cucumbers provided an effective yet simple technique to induce fission. Posterior parts of animals had similar or higher survivorship and shorter regeneration times relative to the anterior parts. Combining this information with that collected earlier on adults indicated that smaller animals (both anterior and posterior parts) had higher survivorship (up to 100%) and shorter regeneration times (as fast as 41 d) relative to adult animals of the same species. Using percent weight retained after processing into beche-de-mer, a rough measure of body wall thickness, and size of the animal relative to the adult weight, a multiple regression equation was calculated to predict percent survival and regeneration times for both anterior and posterior parts. The equation illustrated that small, thin-walled species would have the highest survivorship and shortest regeneration times. As the percent weight retained increased, as would be the case with more thick-walled species, and as the animal approached the adult weight, survivorship declined and the regeneration time increased. 相似文献
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哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)是引起海南省后水湾深水网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)"烂身病"的主要病原菌。为了能够快速诊断该病原菌,急需建立一种耗时短、准确以及便捷的检测方法。本研究利用分离到的致病菌株QT520的ToxR基因序列设计特异性引物和加入SYTO-9特异荧光染料,建立了一种可以实时、快速检测哈维氏弧菌的LAMP法(RT-LAMP)。该方法对哈维氏弧菌的基因组DNA及菌液灵敏度分别为100 fg/μL和10~3 cfu/mL,与Real-time PCR法检测灵敏度相当,比普通PCR的检测灵敏度要分别高1000倍和10倍,能有效区分哈维氏弧菌与坎氏弧菌(Vibrio campbellii);可以实时观察检测结果,且检测时间只需要40 min;具有耗时短、特异性和灵敏度高、仪器便携、操作简单且能实时观察检测结果等优点,非常适合在生产现场进行哈维氏弧菌的检测。 相似文献
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D.E. Brune 《Aquacultural Engineering》1982,1(1):63-70
An automatic self-cleansing high density brine shrimp reactor has been designed and tested, and the concept appears successful. Initial experiments suggest that extra-ordinarily high densities of brine shrimp may be maintained in such a system. The concept of a flowing film of glass beads appears to be a very useful technique in scouring waste material from animal culture tanks. The concept is particularly useful for culture of small marine herbivores in continuous culture. The bead flow rapidly removes waste material while allowing for water passage, yet completely containing the animals.Further design improvement and development should result in a high density brine shrimp culture system which is both simple and inexpensive to build, as well as reliable and cost effective to operate, and capable of efficient algal cell removal from culture water. 相似文献
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Activity and energetics of free-swimming fish: insights from electromyogram telemetry 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
Electromyogram (EMG) telemetry studies that involve remotely monitoring the locomotory activity and energetics of fish are contributing important information to the conservation and management of fisheries resources. Here, we outline the development of this rapidly evolving field and formulate the studies conducted that utilize this technology. To date, more than 60 studies have been conducted using EMG telemetry that spans 18 species. Several general trends were observed in the methodology of the studies that we have highlighted as standards that should be adopted associated with transmitter customization, electrode placement and surgical technique. Although numerous studies have been methodological, there are still some deficiencies in our basic understanding of issues such as the need for individual calibration and the method of reporting or transforming data. Increasingly, this technology is being applied to address issues in conservation, management and aquaculture production. At present, the technology has been most frequently applied to the study of animal activity or energetics and to migration. Several recent studies have also focused on addressing more basic questions in ecological and evolutionary biology (e.g. parental care dynamics) similar to the large body of literature that has been collected for other taxa (e.g. marine mammals, birds), using activity telemetry. Collectively, studies conducted using EMG telemetry have contributed important information on free‐swimming fish that was previously difficult to obtain. EMG telemetry is particularly effective for examining behaviour at temporal and spatial scales that are difficult using other techniques. The development of an ultrasonic transmitter based on the same proven principles as those used in the current radio transmitter technology will permit studies in other environments (i.e. marine, brackish, deep water) and on different species of fish. We encourage the continued development and refinement of devices for monitoring the activity and energetics of free‐swimming fish, and also encourage researchers to consider EMG telemetry as a tool for addressing questions that are not effectively answered with other techniques. 相似文献
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In Chile, fish, mussel and seaweed cultivation has expanded significantly over the last decade. This review considers the accumulated knowledge on the environmental effects of aquaculture in Chilean coastal areas, analyses the capacity of the industry to treat its waste and also gives some insight into new culture technologies and strategies that are currently under research and discussion in Chile. Data relating to the environmental impact of aquaculture in Chile are scarce and much is subject to severe methodological restrictions with regard to sampling design. Results related to the environmental effects show that seaweed cultivation can have an impact on sedimentation processes, increase of invertebrate assemblages and algal epiphytic abundances. It has also been ascertained that mollusc farming causes biodeposition, faunal changes and possible effects related to the introduction of new species, as well as pathogens and other unforeseen species. It has been affirmed that fish cultivation, in particular that of salmon species, also has an environmental impact related to organic sedimentation and changes in the fauna. However, these results indicate that, in general, the current dynamics of bays and fjords seem to be an important factor for the environmental sustainability of the salmon culture areas. Salmon cultivation has also been associated with phytoplankton blooms, but this point was not supported by a monitoring programme in southern Chile. Furthermore, there is concern related to new pathogen introduction and therapeutical applications to the fish cultures, and further research is required in this field. Regulations to protect the environment from the consequences of aquaculture activities have been adopted during the last couple of years. The main regulations are provided by international market standards. Nevertheless, these regulations can only be effective if other human activities, such as urban discharge, intensive agriculture fertilisation and pesticide utilisation, are taken into consideration, in an integrated perspective. On the other hand, the Chilean salmon farming industry in particular, would be in a position to cover the costs involved in the treatment of waste waters, if feeding management were improved in the future. Finally, active research is currently being undertaken into new cultivation strategies, such as the use of integrated cultivation and the recycling of nutrient-rich waters, which should permit the diversification of this economic activity in Chile, while minimising the environmental impact. 相似文献
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James Cock Thomas Gitterle Marcela Salazar Morten Rye 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,286(1-2):1-11
Diseases are a major constraint on the intensive production of shrimps. Conditions in production ponds favour disease development, and epidemics of several previously unreported diseases have occurred and caused severe losses. When elimination, eradication or cultural control is difficult, selective breeding for host resistance to the pathogen may be an attractive option for disease control. However, host resistance is not a panacea and should only be considered when (a) the disease causes severe damage (b) there are no other existing simple cost effective control measures and (c) there is demonstrable genetic variation in resistance and this is not coupled with an excessive level of negative associations with other desirable characteristics. Shrimp have only recently been domesticated and breeding for resistance only began in the mid 1990s; there is limited experience with shrimp breeding in particular and crustaceans in general. Consequently, the principles and concepts behind breeding programmes are based largely on experiences with other species in both the plant and animal kingdoms. Commercial growers now seed ponds with shrimp populations selected for resistance to Taura Syndrome Virus with excellent results, whilst up to now development of White Spot Syndrome Virus resistant populations has been an elusive goal. The original TSV resistant populations were developed using simple mass selection techniques (Colombia). In later generations family based selection has been applied on populations, which initially had survival rates of about 30%, with care taken to reduce inbreeding and loss of genetic variation. This suggests that when the original populations have a reasonable level of resistance, and straightforward, effective selection protocols exist, it is relatively simple to breed for resistance. With catastrophic diseases, such as WSSV, which cause mortalities of 98% or more the frequency of resistance is low and it is suggested that for theoretical reasons single gene, rather than polygenic, resistance is likely to develop. The low frequency of resistance genes in breeding populations may cause genetic bottlenecks which will greatly reduce the genetic variation in the populations. In order to maintain the genetic variation the genes from the small numbers of survivors should be introgressed into populations with broader genetic variability. Furthermore, in order to minimize the probability of breakdown of resistance pyramiding of resistant genes on different loci would be advantageous.Genetic variation in resistance may be encountered either in the initial base populations or may spontaneously arise due to mutations or new recombinants. With extremely prolific species such as shrimps, millions of animals can readily be screened for survival and hence resistant mutants or recombinants may be identified. Once genetic variation has been detected the most appropriate breeding methodology will depend on the nature of both the resistance and the disease or diseases that are of interest to the producers. 相似文献
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P. J. MUMBY A. J. EDWARDS E. P. GREEN C. W. ANDERSON A. C. ELLIS C. D. CLARK 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1997,7(3):239-251
1. Ground-truthing techniques for measuring seagrass standing crop need to be simple, precise, non-destructive and quick. 2. Mellors (1991) designed a visual assessment technique for estimating above-ground seagrass biomass. This paper builds on Mellors' work and presents a modified method for estimating standing crop which uses a six-point ordinal scale (excluding zero). 3. Being non-destructive, this technique is ideally suited for resource assessment in environmentally sensitive areas and, being quick, is potentially useful when threats are imminent. 4. Statistical methods and data presented in this study will allow sample size/statistical power relationships to be estimated for any comparable study and therefore negate the need to conduct pilot surveys. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献